一：threading VS Thread
众所周知，python是支持多线程的，而且是native的线程，其中threading是对Thread模块做了包装，可以更加方面的被使用，threading模块里面主要对一些线程操作对象化了，创建了Thread的类。
使用线程有两种模式，一种是创建线程要执行的函数，把这个函数传递进Thread对象里，让它来执行，一种是直接从Thread继承，创建一个新的class，把线程执行的代码放到这个新的类里面，用例如下：
①使用Thread来实现多线程
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import string
import threading
import time def threadMain(a):
global count,mutex
#获得线程名
threadname = threading.currentThread().getName() for x in xrange(0,int(a)):
#获得锁
mutex.acquire()
count += 1
#释放锁
mutex.release()
print threadname,x,count
time.sleep() def main(num):
global count,mutex
threads = []
count = 1
#创建一个锁
mutex = threading.Lock()
#先创建线程对象
for x in xrange(0,num):
threads.append(threading.Thread(target = threadMain,args=(10,)))
for t in threads:
t.start()
for t in threads:
t.join() if __name__ == "__main__":
num = 4
main(num);
②使用threading来实现多线程
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import threading
import time class Test(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self,num):
threading.Thread.__init__(self):
self._run_num = num def run(self):
global count,mutex
threadName = threading.currentThread.getName()
for x in xrange(0,int(self._run_num)):
mutex.acquire()
count += 1
mutex.release()
print threadName,x,count
time.sleep(1) if __name__ == "__main__":
global count,mutex
threads = []
num = 4
count = 1
mutex.threading.Lock()
for x in xrange(o,num):
threads.append(Test(10))
#启动线程
for t in threads:
t.start()
#等待子线程结束
for t in threads:
t.join()
二 : optparser VS getopt
①使用getopt模块处理Unix模式的命令行选项
getopt模块用于抽出命令行选项和参数，也就是sys.argv，命令行选项使得程序的参数更加灵活，支持短选项模式和长选项模式
例：python scriptname.py –f “hello” –directory-prefix=”/home” –t --format ‘a’‘b’
getopt函数的格式：getopt.getopt([命令行参数列表]，‘短选项’,[长选项列表])
其中短选项名后面的带冒号(:)表示该选项必须有附加的参数
长选项名后面有等号(=)表示该选项必须有附加的参数
返回options以及args
options是一个参数选项及其value的元组((‘-f’,'hello’),(‘-t’,’’),(‘—format’,’’),(‘—directory-prefix’,’/home’))
args是除去有用参数外其他的命令行 输入(‘a’,‘b’)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import sys
import getopt def Usage():
print "Usage: %s [-a|-0|-c] [--help|--output] args..."%sys.argv[0] if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
options,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"ao:c",['help',"putput="]):
print options
print "\n"
print args for option,arg in options:
if option in ("-h","--help"):
Usage()
sys.exit(1)
elif option in ('-t','--test'):
print "for test option"
else:
print option,arg
except getopt.GetoptError:
print "Getopt Error"
Usage()
sys.exit(1)
②optparser模块
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import optparser
def main():
usage = "Usage: %prog [option] arg1,arg2..."
parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
parser.add_option("-v","--verbose",action="store_true",dest="verbose",default=True,help="make lots of noise [default]")
parser.add_option("-q","--quiet",action="store_false",dest="verbose",help="be vewwy quiet (I'm hunting wabbits)")
parser.add_option("-f","--filename",metavar="FILE",help="write output to FILE")
parser.add_option("-m","--mode",default="intermediate",help="interaction mode: novice, intermediate,or expert [default: %default]")
(options,args) = parser.parse_args()
if len(args) != 1:
parser.error("incorrect number of arguments")
if options.verbose:
print "reading %s..." %options.filename if __name__ == "__main__":
main()