python2

range（20）

for i in range（10）:

print(i)

range(1,10)  -----》从1开始到9

else： #如果for循环正常结束，  就执行else语句，（break为不正常结束）（注：此处的的else为与for循环的for同级别）

break #跳出整个当前循环，只跳一层

continue#跳出当次循环，继续下一次循环

while循环

 count = 0

 while Ture:

     if count = 10000000

     print('dsdsfdsfsf')

     break

 count+=1

count = 0

while True:

    if count == 10000000

    print('dsdsfdsfsf')

    break

count+=1

count = 0

while count < 100:

    print('dsdsfdsfsf')

    count+=1

变量：  用来记录状态

变量值的变化即状态的变化， 程序运行的本质就是来处理一系列状态的变化

数据类型（五大基础数据类型）

1.数字

整型int

base  用来把字符串转换为10进制的整数

int（'0b1010',base=2）

age=10---->int(10) ------>_init_

长整型

布尔bool

ture 和 false

1和0

浮点数float

复数

2.字符串

msg='hello world'---->str

print (msg[1])字符串字母特定位置

print(msg.capitalize())#首字母大写

print(msg.center(20，‘*’)) 定义居中格数，以及空格处符号（默认为空格）

print(msg.count(‘l’，4，7))  # -1(代表从右边数第一个，相当于10)

print(msg.endswitch('l') ) #结尾的字母是否为‘l’

msg1='a\tb'

print(msg1.expandtabs(10))#指定tab的空格数，默认4个

print(msg.find('d'))#返回元素在字符串的位置,如果同一元素有多个找到第一个就结束，后面木再找

print(msg.find('d'，0，4))

format

print('{0}{1}'.format('name','age'))

print('{name}'.format(name='alex'))#调用后面的定义变量的值

print('{}{}'.format('name','age'))#一一对应

字符串判断

msg3=‘a123’

print(msg3.isalnum())#字幕和数字组成的字符串

print(msg3.isalpha())#全是字幕返回true

msg4=‘10’

msg5='10.2'

print(msg5.isdecimal)#浮点数

msg6='10'

print(msg.isdigit())判断是否为整型

msg7='10.3'

print((msg7).isnumeric)

msg8='while'

print(msg.isidentifier)

msg9=‘aaa’

print(msg.islower) #小写字母

msg10=‘   aaa’

print(msg10.isspace)#包含空格

msg11=‘Hello’

print(msg11.istitle)#单词首字母大写为title

msg12=‘Hello’

print(msg12.isupper)#全是大写

msg13=‘abc’

print(msg13.ljust(10,'*'))#左对齐

print(msg13.rjust(10,'*'))# 右对齐

print(msg13.center(10,'*'))# 居中

print(msg13.upper(10,'*'))# 将小写转化为大写

字符串常用的

# str（）
# msg='hello world'
# print(msg.capitalize())
#
#
# print('{0} {1}'.format('name','age'))
#
# print('{name}'.format(name='alex'))
# print('{}{}'.format('name','age'))
#
# print(msg.endswith( 'l'))

# msg13='abc'
#
# print(msg13.ljust(10,'*'))
#
# print(msg13.rjust(10,'*'))
#
# print(msg13.center(10,'*'))
#
# print(msg13.upper(10,'*'))
#
#
# #==================================
#
# msg14='hello'
# print(msg14.find('w'))
# print(msg14.index('w'))
#
# msg15=' sdff '
# print(msg15.strip())#去掉首尾的空格
# print(msg15.lstrip())#去掉左边的空格
# print(msg15.rstrip())#去掉右边的空格
#
# #制造翻译表
# msg16='my name is abc'
# table=str.maketrans('abc','ale')
# print(msg16.translate(table))
# #
# #zfill
# msg17='abc'
# print(msg17.zfill(20))#右对齐，不够的用‘0’补
# print(msg17.ljust(20,'0'))
# print(msg17.rjust(20,'0'))

#字符串常用的操作
#移除空白
# msg19='123234423423'
# print(msg19.strip('1'))
# #分割 ----取范围
# msg20='nihao 123'#
# print(msg20[0:3])
# print(msg20[2:7:2]) #隔两个取一次
# #长度
# len(msg20)#字符串长度
# len(msg20)/2
#
# round(len(msg20)/2)
# #索引 下表
# #切片 分割
#
#
# #==================
# #运算符
# #1.算数运算符 +-*/
# #‘//‘地板除，只取整数部分
# #2.比较运算符
# # == !=
# 赋值运算符
# #age+=1<==> age=age+1
#
# 位运算符
#
# 逻辑运算
#
# 成员运算
#
# 身份运算
#
# count = 0
# while True:
#     if count == 10000000
#     print('dsdsfdsfsf')
#     break
# count+=1

# count = 0
# while count < 100:
#     print('dsdsfdsfsf')
#     count+=1

# age = 20
# count = 0
# while count < 3:
#     myage = input('myage:')
#     if  myage.isdigit():
#         myage = int(myage)
#     else:
#         continue
#     if myage == age:
#         print('yes')
#         break
#     elif myage < age:
#         print('猜大点')
#     else:
#         print('猜小点')
#     count+=1

#列表

names = ['a','b','c','d']

#zeng
# names.append('e')
# print(names)
#
# names.insert(2,'f')
# names.insert(1,'g')
# print(names)
#
# #shan
# names.remove('f')
# print(names)
#
# del names[1]
# print(names)
#
# names.pop(3)
# print(names)
#
#
# #gai
# names[2] = 'k'
# print(names)
#
# #cha
# print(names[-2])
# print(names[0::2])
# print(names[-3:])
#
# print( names.index('s') )
#
first_index = names.index('a')
second_index = names[first_index + 1:].index('b')
print('second ',second_index+first_index+1)

print('count',names.count('b'))
n2 = ['5']
names.extend(n2)

names.reverse()
names.sort()

print(names)

n3 = names.copy()
print(n3)

n4= names

names.pop()

#打印下表和值
for i,ele in enumerate(names):
    print(i,ele)

3.列表

练习题

购物车程序

your salary>>:5000

-------shop list------

1.iphone 5800

2.macbook 12800

3.coffee 30

4.bike 2000

------end-----

>>:1

钱不够

>>:3

added [coffee]into your shopping list,your current balance is 4970

>>:

>>:quit

your balance is 4000

已购买商品

1.coffee 30