C#串口通信—向串口发送数据，同步接收返回数据

2023-07-21 22:35:34

最近写C#串口通信程序，系统是B/S架构。SerialPort类有一个DataReceived事件，用来接收串口返回的数据，但这种方式在C/S架构下很好用，但B/S就不好处理了。所以写了一个同步模式接收返回数据的方法，不使用DataReceived事件。经过测试，可以正常使用。

一、MachineFactory类

为什么使用工厂类：售货机由不止一个厂家提供，接口协议都不一样。

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Reflection;

using System.IO;

using System.IO.Ports;

namespace IMachineDll

{

    /// <summary>

    /// 售货机工厂类

    /// </summary>

    public class MachineFactory

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// 货机接口缓存

        /// </summary>

        private static Dictionary<string, IMachine> dicMachine = new Dictionary<string, IMachine>();

        /// <summary>

        /// 锁变量

        /// </summary>

        public static object _lock = new object();

        /// <summary>

        /// 创建售货机类

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="path">DLL物理路径</param>

        /// <param name="dllName">DLL名称(不含扩展名)，命名空间必须为DLL名称加“Dll”后缀，类名必须和DLL名称相同</param>

        ///  <param name="com">串口名称，如：COM1</param>

        public static IMachine Create(string path, string dllName, string com)

        {

            if (!dicMachine.ContainsKey(dllName)

                || dicMachine[dllName] == null)

            {

                using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(path + dllName + ".dll", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))

                {

                    using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())

                    {

                        byte[] byteArray = new byte[];

                        while (fs.Read(byteArray, , byteArray.Length) > )

                        {

                            ms.Write(byteArray, , byteArray.Length);

                        }

                        Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load(ms.ToArray());

                        dicMachine[dllName] = (IMachine)assembly.CreateInstance(dllName + "Dll." + dllName, false, BindingFlags.Default, null, new object[] { com }, null, null);

                    }

                }

            }

            return dicMachine[dllName];

        }

    }

}

二、Machine类

1、变量与构造函数

/// <summary>

/// 串口资源

/// </summary>

private SerialPort serialPort = null;

public Machine(string com)

{

    serialPort = new SerialPort(com, , Parity.None, , StopBits.One);

    serialPort.ReadBufferSize = ;

    serialPort.WriteBufferSize = ;

}

2、向串口发送数据，同步接收返回数据的方法：

/// <summary>

/// 向串口发送数据，读取返回数据

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sendData">发送的数据</param>

/// <returns>返回的数据</returns>

private byte[] ReadPort(byte[] sendData)

{

    lock (MachineFactory._lock)

    {

        //打开连接

        if (!serialPort.IsOpen) serialPort.Open();

        //发送数据

        serialPort.Write(sendData, , sendData.Length);

        //读取返回数据

        DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;

        while (serialPort.BytesToRead == )

        {

            Thread.Sleep();

            if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(dt).TotalMilliseconds > ) //如果5秒后仍然无数据返回，则视为超时

            {

                throw new Exception("主版无响应");

            }

        }

        Thread.Sleep();

        byte[] recData = new byte[serialPort.BytesToRead];

        serialPort.Read(recData, , recData.Length);

        //关闭连接

        if (serialPort.IsOpen) serialPort.Close();

        return recData;

    }

}

优化版：

/// <summary>

/// 向串口发送数据，读取返回数据

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sendData">发送的数据</param>

/// <returns>返回的数据</returns>

private byte[] ReadPort(byte[] sendData)

{

    lock (MachineFactory._lock)

    {

        //打开连接

        if (!serialPort.IsOpen) serialPort.Open();

        //发送数据

        serialPort.Write(sendData, , sendData.Length);

        //读取返回数据

        DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;

        while (serialPort.BytesToRead < )

        {

            Thread.Sleep();

            if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(dt).TotalMilliseconds > ) //如果5秒后仍然无数据返回，则视为超时

            {

                throw new Exception("主版无响应");

            }

        }

        List<byte> recList = new List<byte>();

        byte[] recData = new byte[serialPort.BytesToRead];

        serialPort.Read(recData, , recData.Length);

        recList.AddRange(recData);

        int length = recData[] + ; //报文数据总长度

        while (recList.Count < length)

        {

            if (serialPort.BytesToRead > )

            {

                recData = new byte[serialPort.BytesToRead];

                serialPort.Read(recData, , recData.Length);

                recList.AddRange(recData);

            }

            Thread.Sleep();

        }

        //关闭连接

        if (serialPort.IsOpen) serialPort.Close();

        return recList.ToArray();

    }

}

3、发送联机指令：

/// <summary>

/// 联机

/// </summary>

/// <param name="msg">传出错误信息</param>

/// <returns>联机是否成功</returns>

public bool Connect(out string msg)

{

    byte[] sendData = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00 };

    CommonUtil.CalCheckCode(sendData);

    byte[] recData = ReadPort(sendData);

    if (recData.Length >=

        && recData[] == 0x01

        && recData[] == 0x02

        && recData[] == 0x00

        && CommonUtil.ValidCheckCode(recData))

    {

        switch (recData[])

        {

            case 0x00:

                msg = "控制主板正在重启";

                return false;

            case 0x01:

                msg = "联机成功";

                return true;

            case 0x02:

                msg = "控制主板正在维护";

                return false;

            case 0x03:

                msg = "控制主板收到的数据格式不正确";

                return false;

            default:

                msg = "未知状态";

                return false;

        }

    }

    else if (IsRunning(recData, out msg) || !IsConnected(recData, out msg))

    {

        return false;

    }

    else

    {

        throw new Exception("货机返回的数据格式不正确");

    }

}

三、如何使用

1、Controller层代码(还不完善，仅测试，真实情况是根据硬件信息，确定调用哪个Dll使用哪个串口)：

#region 创建售货机接口

/// <summary>

/// 创建售货机接口

/// </summary>

private IMachine CreateMachine()

{

    //return MachineFactory.Create(Request.PhysicalApplicationPath + @"\bin\", "Machine", "COM1");

    return MachineFactory.Create(@"D:\售药机代码\Reception\Machine\bin\Debug\", "Machine", "COM1");

}

#endregion

#region 联机

/// <summary>

/// 联机

/// </summary>

/// <param name="msg">错误信息</param>

/// <returns>联机是否成功</returns>

private bool Connect(out string msg)

{

    try

    {

        IMachine machine = CreateMachine();

        DateTime dt1 = DateTime.Now;

        while (!machine.Connect(out msg))  //联机

        {

            if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(dt1).TotalMilliseconds > )

            {

                msg = "联机超时";

                return false;

            }

            Thread.Sleep();

        }

        return true;

    }

    catch (Exception ex)

    {

        msg = ex.Message;

        return false;

    }

}

#endregion

#region 单次联机

/// <summary>

/// 单次联机

/// </summary>

public ActionResult Conn()

{

    string msg = null;

    Dictionary<string, object> dic = null;

    try

    {

        IMachine machine = CreateMachine();

        if (machine.Connect(out msg)) //联机成功

        {

            dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            dic["ok"] = true;

            dic["msg"] = "成功";

            return Content(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic));

        }

        else

        {

            dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            dic["ok"] = false;

            dic["msg"] = "联机失败：" + msg;

            return Content(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic));

        }

    }

    catch (Exception ex)

    {

        dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

        dic["ok"] = false;

        dic["msg"] = "错误：" + ex.Message;

        return Content(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic));

    }

}

#endregion

#region 联机并使能硬纸币器

/// <summary>

/// 联机并使能硬纸币器

/// </summary>

public ActionResult ConnectEnable()

{

    string msg = null;

    Dictionary<string, object> dic = null;

    try

    {

        IMachine machine = CreateMachine();

        if (Connect(out msg) && machine.CoinEnable(out msg) && machine.PaperMoneyEnable(out msg)) //联机并使能硬纸币器成功

        {

            dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            dic["ok"] = true;

            dic["msg"] = "成功";

            return Content(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic));

        }

        else

        {

            dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            dic["ok"] = false;

            dic["msg"] = "硬币器使能失败：" + msg;

            return Content(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic));

        }

    }

    catch (Exception ex)

    {

        dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

        dic["ok"] = false;

        dic["msg"] = "错误：" + ex.Message;

        return Content(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic));

    }

}

#endregion

2、前台代码：

@{

    ViewBag.Title = "货机接口测试";

    Layout = null;

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>

    <script type="text/javascript" src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>

    <script type="text/javascript" src="~/Scripts/LongPolling.js"></script>

</head>

<body>

    <div style="padding: 20px;">

        <input type="button" value="联机" onclick="connect()" />

        <div style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">

            <div style="padding: 20px;">

                <span id="msg">&nbsp;</span>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</body>

</html>

<script type="text/javascript">

    //联机

    function connect() {

        commonAjax({

            url: "@Url.Content("/MachineInterface/Conn")",

            callback: function (data) {

                if (data.ok) {

                    var html = "联机成功";

                    $("#msg").html(html);

                }

                else {

                    alert(data.msg);

                }

            }

        });

    }

</script>

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