GUI程序设计3

16. 树(JTree)使用示例

例16.1 创建JTree示例。

package GUI1;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container; import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionListener;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.*;
public class demoJTree implements TreeSelectionListener {
JFrame jf;
JLabel jl;
Container con;
JTree jt;
JScrollPane jsp;
DefaultMutableTreeNode node,root; public demoJTree(){
jf = new JFrame("JTree使用示例");
jl = new JLabel();
con = jf.getContentPane();
root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Option");
node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");
root.add(node);
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a1"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a2"));
node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B");
root.add(node);
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b1"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b2"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b3"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b4"));
jt = new JTree(root);
jt.addTreeSelectionListener(this);
jsp = new JScrollPane(jt);
con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
con.add(jl, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
jf.setSize(500, 400);
jf.setLocation(300, 200);
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
} public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {
jl.setText(e.getPath().toString());
} public static void main(String[] args) {
new demoJTree(); }
}

例16.2 在JTree中增加节点示例。

package GUI1;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionListener;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultTreeModel;
import javax.swing.*; public class addNodeInJTree implements TreeSelectionListener,ActionListener {
JFrame jf;
JLabel jl;
JPanel jp;
Container con;
JTree jt;
JScrollPane jsp;
JTextField jtf;
JButton jbtn;
private DefaultMutableTreeNode node,root;
private DefaultTreeModel dtm; public addNodeInJTree(){
jf = new JFrame("JTree使用示例");
jl = new JLabel();
jp = new JPanel();
jtf = new JTextField();
jtf.setColumns(11);
jbtn = new JButton("增加子节点");
jbtn.addActionListener(this);
con = jf.getContentPane();
root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Option");
node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");
root.add(node);
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a1"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a2"));
node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B");
root.add(node);
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b1"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b2"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b3"));
node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b4"));
dtm = new DefaultTreeModel(root);
jt = new JTree(dtm);
jt.addTreeSelectionListener(this);
jsp = new JScrollPane(jt);
jp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
jp.add(jl);
jp.add(jtf);
jp.add(jbtn);
con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
con.add(jp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
jf.setSize(500, 400);
jf.setLocation(300, 200);
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
DefaultMutableTreeNode rdmt;
public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {
jl.setText(e.getPath().toString());
rdmt = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)jt.getLastSelectedPathComponent();
} public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
DefaultMutableTreeNode dmt;
if(e.getSource()==jbtn){
dmt = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(jtf.getText());
dtm.insertNodeInto(dmt,rdmt,0);
} } public static void main(String[] args) {
new addNodeInJTree(); } }

17. 菜单使用示例

一个完整的菜单通常由3部分构成:菜单条(JMemuBar)、下拉式菜单(JMemu)和菜单项(JMemuItem)。

例17.1 菜单使用示例。

package GUI1;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container; import javax.swing.*;
public class demoJMenu {
JFrame jf;
JScrollPane jsp;
JTextArea jta;
Container con;
JMenuBar jmb;
JMenu file,edit,format,check,help;
//文件菜单项
JMenuItem newItem,open,save,saveas,page,print,exit;
//编辑菜单项
JMenuItem undo,cut,copy,paste,find,replace,selectall;
//格式菜单项
JMenuItem font;
JCheckBoxMenuItem wrap;
//查看
JMenuItem state;
//帮助
JMenuItem helpItem,about; public demoJMenu(){
jf = new JFrame("JMenu使用示例");
jta = new JTextArea();
jsp = new JScrollPane(jta);
con = jf.getContentPane();
createMenu();
jf.setJMenuBar(jmb);
con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
jf.setSize(500, 400);
jf.setLocation(300, 200);
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
private void createMenu() {
jmb = new JMenuBar();
file = new JMenu("文件");
edit = new JMenu("编辑");
format = new JMenu("格式");
check = new JMenu("查看");
help = new JMenu("帮助");
//文件 newItem,open,save,saveas,page,print,exit
newItem = new JMenuItem("新建");
open = new JMenuItem("打开..");
save = new JMenuItem("保存..");
saveas = new JMenuItem("另存为..");
page = new JMenuItem("页面设置..");
print = new JMenuItem("打印..");
exit = new JMenuItem("退出");
file.add(newItem);
file.add(open);
file.add(save);
file.add(saveas);
file.add(page);
file.add(print);
file.add(edit);
jmb.add(file);
//编辑 undo,cut,copy,paste,find,replace,selectall;
undo = new JMenuItem("撤销");
cut = new JMenuItem("剪切");
copy = new JMenuItem("复制");
paste = new JMenuItem("粘贴");
find = new JMenuItem("查找..");
replace = new JMenuItem("替换..");
selectall = new JMenuItem("全选");
edit.add(undo);
edit.addSeparator();
edit.add(cut);
edit.add(copy);
edit.add(paste);
edit.addSeparator();
edit.add(find);
edit.add(replace);
edit.addSeparator();
edit.add(selectall);
jmb.add(edit);
//格式JMenuItem font;JCheckBoxMenuItem wrap;
wrap = new JCheckBoxMenuItem("自动换行");
font = new JMenuItem("字体");
format.add(wrap);
format.add(font);
jmb.add(format);
//查看JMenuItem state;
state = new JMenuItem("状态栏");
check.add(state);
jmb.add(check);
//帮助JMenuItem helpItem,about;
helpItem = new JMenuItem("帮助主题");
about = new JMenuItem("关于..");
help.add(helpItem);
help.add(about);
jmb.add(help);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new demoJMenu();
}
}

文字菜单项中间的分隔线采用这样的方法:fileMenu.addSeparator()。

注:可以用数组简化。

最后,讨论一下JPopupMenu的使用。它的创建和JMenu的创建并没有什么不同。只是它不需要加到JMenuBar中,而是需要绑定到某个组件上(例如上例中的JTextArea),这可以使用组件的setComponentPopupMenu(JPopupMenu popup)方法,以后当用户在这个组件上右击时,该菜单将会自动弹出来,这就无需程序员计算菜单显示的位置。

18. 布局管理

18.1 流式布局(FlowLayout)

18.2 边框布局(BorderLayout)

18.3 网格布局(GridLayout)

18.4 卡片布局(CardLayout)

由于一次只能看到一张卡片,而且不能任意地切换卡片,所以CardLayout比较适合分类操作或者是有多个操作步骤、每个步骤有先后关系的情况。当第一步完成后,切换到第二张卡片,然后切换到第三张卡片......典型的例子是程序的安装向导。

注意:如果需要在多张卡片之间来回切换,一般会选择JTablePane,通过它的标签来选择卡片。

例. 模拟一般软件安装过程的卡片布局使用示例。

package GUI1;

import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.*;
public class demoCardLayout implements ActionListener {
JFrame jf;
JPanel jp1,jp2,jp3;
JLabel jl1,jl2,jl3;
JButton nextBtn1,prevBtn1,nextBtn2,prevBtn2,OKBtn;
Container con;
CardLayout cl; public demoCardLayout(){
jf = new JFrame("CardLayout使用示例");
cl = new CardLayout();
con = jf.getContentPane();
con.setLayout(cl);
jl1 = new JLabel("这是第一步");
nextBtn1 = new JButton("下一步");
nextBtn1.addActionListener(this);
jp1 = new JPanel();
jp1.add(jl1);
jp1.add(nextBtn1);
con.add("first",jp1); jl2 = new JLabel("这是第二步");
prevBtn1 = new JButton("上一步");
prevBtn1.addActionListener(this);
nextBtn2 = new JButton("下一步");
nextBtn2.addActionListener(this);
jp2 = new JPanel();
jp2.add(jl2);
jp2.add(prevBtn1);
jp2.add(nextBtn2);
con.add("second", jp2); jl3 = new JLabel("这是第三步");
prevBtn2 = new JButton("上一步");
prevBtn2.addActionListener(this);
OKBtn = new JButton("完成");
OKBtn.addActionListener(this);
jp3 = new JPanel();
jp3.add(jl3);
jp3.add(prevBtn2);
jp3.add(OKBtn);
con.add("third", jp3); jf.setSize(500, 400);
jf.setLocation(300, 200);
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
} public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Object obj = e.getSource();
if(obj==nextBtn1||obj==nextBtn2)
cl.next(con);
if(obj==prevBtn1||obj==prevBtn2)
cl.previous(con);
if(obj==OKBtn)
jf.dispose();
} public static void main(String[] args) {
new demoCardLayout(); }
}

18.5 增强网格布局(GridBagLayout)

它的功能类似于GridLayout,但比后者的功能更强大,使用起来也要复杂得多。它能够制造出跨行和跨列的单元格。

例. 增强网格布局使用示例。

package GUI1;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout; import javax.swing.*;
public class demoGridBagLayout {
JFrame jf;
Container con;
GridBagLayout gbl; private void makebutton(String name,GridBagLayout gbl,GridBagConstraints c){
JButton btn = new JButton(name);
//参数c决定了如何放置这个按钮
gbl.setConstraints(btn, c);
con.add(btn);
} public demoGridBagLayout(){
jf = new JFrame("增强网格布局使用示例");
con = jf.getContentPane();
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
gbl = new GridBagLayout();
con.setLayout(gbl);
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
//下面每个按钮占一行一列
c.weightx = 1.0;
makebutton("Button1",gbl,c);
makebutton("Button2",gbl,c);
makebutton("Button3",gbl,c);
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据本行到结束
makebutton("Button4",gbl,c);
//开始布置第二行按钮
c.weightx = 0.0; //重设为默认值
//这里的gridwidth属性仍然是REMINDER,所以占据一整行
makebutton("Button5",gbl,c);
//开始布置第三行
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; //重起一行,占三格
makebutton("Button6",gbl,c);
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据本行到结束
makebutton("Button7",gbl,c);
//开始布置第四五行
c.gridwidth = 1; //本单元格占两行一列
c.gridheight = 2;
c.weighty = 1;
makebutton("Button8",gbl,c);
//开始布置其它按钮,他们分别在两行中
c.weighty = 0.0;
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据到本行结束
c.gridheight = 1; //只占一行
makebutton("Button9",gbl,c);
makebutton("Button10",gbl,c);
//布局设置完毕
jf.setSize(500, 400);
jf.setLocation(300, 200);
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new demoGridBagLayout(); } }
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