【Spring】SpringMVC非注解配置的两种方式

目录结构:

contents structure [+]

SpringMVC是什么

MVC的全称是Model View Controller,通过实现MVC框架可以很好的数据、视图、业务逻辑进行分离。Spring MVC也是一种MVC框架,它是SpringFrameWork的后续产品,同样需要Spring的Jar包才能运行起来。

SpringMVC的设计原理

Spring MVC的设计是围绕着DispatcherServlet展开的,由DispatcherServlet将请求派发到特定的Controller。

下面是SpringMVC的一个简单流程图:

【Spring】SpringMVC非注解配置的两种方式

SpringMVC配置第一种方式

我的项目结构:

【Spring】SpringMVC非注解配置的两种方式

1,复制Jar包

将Spring的Jar包复制到lib目录下。

2,Web.xml文件

配置Web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <!--
this name matched project name
-->
<display-name>SpringMVC</display-name> <!--
transmit to dispacherServlet to deal with information that passed from table servlet-mapping
-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mySpring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mySpring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.ms</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> <!--
solve messy code
-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>

3,mySpring-servlet.xml文件

在工程的WEB-INF下面创建dispatcherServlet配置文件[servlet-name]-servlet.xml。

文件名的格式必需为“[servlet-name]-servlet.xml”,比如笔者的web文件里servlet-name为mySpring,则文件名必须为mySpring-servlet.xml,如果放错的位置或是文件名称格式不对,那么通过web.xml文件是找不到dispatcherServlet文件的。也可以说,只要在Web.xml里配置好了DispatcherServlet,那么该DispatcherServlet的名称也就唯一确定了,一个web.xml文件可以映射出多个DispatcherServlet文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"> <!--
configure HandlerMapping
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!--
configure HandlerAdapter
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean> <!--
configure controller
-->
<bean name="/testSpring.ms" class="com.my.spring.TestSpring"></bean> <!--
configure viewResolver
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass">
<value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView</value>
</property>
<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

4,welcome.jsp文件

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="testSpring.ms">
input your words:
<input type="text" name="words"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

5,result.jsp文件

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${myValue}
</body>
</html>

6,TestSpring.java文件

package com.my.spring;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController; public class TestSpring extends AbstractController { @Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String value=request.getParameter("words"); //create model
Map<String,String>model=new HashMap<String,String>();
//set value
model.put("myValue", value); //create modelAndView
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView("result",model); return mav;
} }

这个文件必需要实现AbstrcactController抽象类,或是实现Controller接口。然后重写handlerRequestInternal方法。这里一定要选择servlet下的AbstractController或Controller,如果读者选择了portlet,恰好项目下又没有相应的包,那么就会报错。

错误

一,错误一:

错误代码:

The superclass "javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet" was not found on the Java Build Path

错误解决:

这是因为项目下没有该类,添加servlet-api.jar即可,详见Eclipse如何发布Web项目

二,错误二:

错误代码:

Server Tomcat v8.5 Server at localhost failed to start.

错误解决:

造成这个错误的原因有许多,这里建议读者检查一下自己的Web.xml文件中的语法是否正确。

三,错误三:

错误代码:

Multiple markers at this line
    - The type javax.portlet.ActionResponse cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
     referenced from required .class files
    - The type javax.portlet.RenderRequest cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
     referenced from required .class files
    - The type javax.portlet.RenderResponse cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
     referenced from required .class files
    - The type javax.portlet.ActionRequest cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
     referenced from required .class files
    - The type javax.portlet.PortletContext cannot be resolved. It is indirectly referenced
     from required .class files

问题解决:

这是因为读者的项目下面没有,portlet包导致的,portlet包的下载

除了引入相应的Portlet包外,这里读者也可以将

import org.springframework.web.portlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.portlet.mvc.AbstractController;

改为:

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

四,错误四:

错误代码:

Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config

错误解决:

导入一个jstl标签库即可,下载一个标签标准文档库下载页面

SpringMVC配置的第二种方式

这种方式和上面的方式都是非注解的方式,两者的区别就是使用的类不同。

下面的配置方式和上面的配置方式是想通的:

来一张目录结构:

【Spring】SpringMVC非注解配置的两种方式

applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd"> <bean id="helloController" class="cn.xdl.controller.HelloController"></bean> <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<!--
key: 请求的url地址
value: 自己编写的控制器(Controller实现类)在容器中对象的id 起到的作用, 将一个url地址, 绑定一个控制器 ,当匹配这个url的请求发生时, 入口Servlet自动调用这个控制器对象, 并将请求对象与响应对象转递过来
-->
<prop key="/hello.do">helloController</prop>
</props>
</property> </bean> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--
解析modelAndView的工具 例如我们返回了一个ModelAndView ., 封装了一个视图name为: hello 解析完毕后: perfix+hello+suffix
转发至:/hello.jsp -->
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean> </beans>

applicationContext.xml

web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<display-name>day04_WebMvc</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!--
如果不需要使用 ini-param 对web配置文件指明SpringMVC的配置文件的地址,那么SpringMVC的配置文件必须放到WEB-INFO目录下,并且命名为[Servlet-name]-servlet.xml。
-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

web.xml

HelloController.java文件

package cn.xdl.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
System.out.println("控制器正在执行");
System.out.println("调用响应的Dao进行操作");
System.out.println("根据结果, 返回不同的视图封装");
//modelandView 最少要传递一个View
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
mav.setViewName("hello");
//mav.getModel().put(key, value)
return mav;
} }

HelloController

除了实现Controller接口,也可以继承AbstractController 类。

hello.jsp文件

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈
</body>
</html>

hello.jsp

当然关于上面这两种方式,不一定经常用,关于使用注解比较多。使用注解的配置可以参加“SpringMVC之基于注解的实现SpringMVC+MySQL”

参考文章

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