Combination Sum II
Given a collection of candidate numbers (C) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.
Each number in C may only be used once in the combination.
Note:
- All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
- Elements in a combination (a1, a2, … , ak) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a1 ≤ a2 ≤ … ≤ ak).
- The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set 10,1,2,7,6,1,5
and target 8
,
A solution set is: [1, 7]
[1, 2, 5]
[2, 6]
[1, 1, 6]
解法一:
最直接的想法就是把所有子集都列出来,然后逐个计算和是否为target
但是考虑到空间复杂度,10个数的num数组就有210个子集,因此必须进行“剪枝”,去掉不可能的子集。
先对num进行排序。
在遍历子集的过程中:
(1)单个元素大于target,则后续元素无需扫描了,直接返回结果。
(2)单个子集元素和大于target,则不用加入当前的子集容器了。
(3)单个子集元素和等于target,加入结果数组。
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > combinationSum2(vector<int> &num, int target) {
vector<vector<int> > result;
vector<vector<int> > subsets;
vector<int> empty;
subsets.push_back(empty); sort(num.begin(), num.end());
for(int i = ; i < num.size();)
{//for each number
int count = ;
int cur = num[i];
if(cur > target) //end
return result;
while(i < num.size() && num[i] == cur)
{//repeat count
i ++;
count ++;
}
int size = subsets.size(); //orinigal size instead of calling size() function
for(int j = ; j < size; j ++)
{
vector<int> sub = subsets[j];
int tempCount = count;
while(tempCount --)
{
sub.push_back(cur);
int sum = accumulate(sub.begin(), sub.end(), );
if(sum == target)
{
result.push_back(sub);
subsets.push_back(sub);
}
else if(sum < target)
subsets.push_back(sub);
}
}
}
return result;
}
};
解法二:递归回溯
需要注意的是:
1、在同一层递归树中,如果某元素已经处理并进入下一层递归,那么与该元素相同的值就应该跳过。否则将出现重复。
例如:1,1,2,3
如果第一个1已经处理并进入下一层递归1,2,3
那么第二个1就应该跳过,因为后续所有情况都已经被覆盖掉。
2、相同元素第一个进入下一层递归,而不是任意一个
例如:1,1,2,3
如果第一个1已经处理并进入下一层递归1,2,3,那么两个1是可以同时成为可行解的
而如果选择的是第二个1并进入下一层递归2,3,那么不会出现两个1的解了。
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > combinationSum2(vector<int> &num, int target) {
sort(num.begin(), num.end());
vector<vector<int> > ret;
vector<int> cur;
Helper(ret, cur, num, target, );
return ret;
}
void Helper(vector<vector<int> > &ret, vector<int> cur, vector<int> &num, int target, int position)
{
if(target == )
ret.push_back(cur);
else
{
for(int i = position; i < num.size() && num[i] <= target; i ++)
{
if(i != position && num[i] == num[i-])
continue;
cur.push_back(num[i]);
Helper(ret, cur, num, target-num[i], i+);
cur.pop_back();
}
}
}
};