SQL Server 监控统计阻塞脚本信息

    数据库产生阻塞(Blocking)的本质原因 :SQL语句连续持有锁的时间过长 ,数目过多, 粒度过大。阻塞是事务隔离带来的副作用,它是不可避免的,而且是一个数据库系统常见的现象。 但是阻塞的时间和出现频率要控制在一定的范围内,阻塞持续的时间过长或阻塞出现过多(过于频繁),就会对数据库性能产生严重的影响。

    很多时候,DBA需要知道数据库在出现性能问题时,有没有发生阻塞? 什么时候开始的?发生在那个数据库上? 阻塞发生在那些SQL语句之间? 阻塞的时间有多长? 阻塞发生的频率? 阻塞有关的连接是从那些客户端应用发送来的?.......

    如果我们能够知道这些具体信息,我们就能迅速定位问题,分析阻塞产生的原因,  从而找出出现性能问题的根本原因,并根据具体原因给出相应的解决方案(索引调整、优化SQL语句等)。

    查看阻塞的方法比较多, 我在这篇博客MS SQL 日常维护管理常用脚本(二)里面提到查看阻塞的一些方法:

方法1:查看那个引起阻塞,查看blk不为0的记录,如果存在阻塞进程,则是该阻塞进程的会话 ID。否则该列为零。

    EXEC sp_who active

方法2:查看那个引起阻塞,查看字段BlkBy,这个能够得到比sp_who更多的信息。

    EXEC sp_who2 active

方法3:sp_lock 系统存储过程,报告有关锁的信息,但是不方便定位问题

方法4:sp_who_lock存储过程

方法5:右键服务器-选择“活动和监视器”,查看进程选项。注意“任务状态”字段。

方法6:右键服务名称-选择报表-标准报表-活动-所有正在阻塞的事务。

但是上面方法,例如像sp_who、 sp_who2,sp_who_lock等,都有或多或少的缺点:例如不能查看阻塞和被阻塞的SQL语句。不能从查看一段时间内阻塞发生的情况等;没有显示阻塞的时间....... 我们要实现下面功能:

    1:  查看那个会话阻塞了那个会话

    2:阻塞会话和被阻塞会话正在执行的SQL语句

    3:被阻塞了多长时间

    4:像客户端IP、Proagram_Name之类信息

    5:阻塞发生的时间点

    6:阻塞发生的频率

    7:如果需要,应该通知相关开发人员,DBA不能啥事情都包揽是吧,那不还得累死,总得让开发人员员参与进来优化(有些问题就该他们解决),多了解一些系统运行的具体情况,有利于他们认识问题、解决问题。

    8:需要的时候开启这项功能,不需要关闭这项功能

于是为了满足上述功能,有了下面SQL 语句

SELECT wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId

      ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName

      ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS HostName    

      ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress

      ,db.name                                 AS DatabaseName        

      ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    

      ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime

      ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration

      ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId

      ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText

      ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText

FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl

INNER JOIN sys.databases db

  ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id

INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt

  ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address

INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1

  ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id

INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2

  ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id

LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp

  ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2

我们做一个测试例子来验证一下

1:打开第一会话窗口1,执行下面语句

USE DBMonitor;

 

GO

 

BEGIN TRANSACTION

 

SELECT * FROM dbo.TEST(TABLOCKX);

 

--COMMIT TRANSACTION;

 

2:打开第二个会话窗口2,执行下面语句

USE DBMonitor;

GO

SELECT * FROM dbo.TEST

3:打开第三个会话窗口3,执行下面语句

SELECT wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId

      ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName

      ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS HostName    

      ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress

      ,db.name                                 AS DatabaseName        

      ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    

      ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime

      ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration

      ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId

      ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText

      ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText

FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl

INNER JOIN sys.databases db

  ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id

INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt

  ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address

INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1

  ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id

INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2

  ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id

LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp

  ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2

如下图所,我们可以看到阻塞其它会话以及被阻塞会话的信息,如下所示

SQL Server 监控统计阻塞脚本信息

现在上面SQL已经基本实现了查看阻塞具体信息的功能,但是现在又有几个问题:

          1:上面SQL脚本只适合已经出现阻塞情况下查看阻塞信息,如果没有出现阻塞情况,我总不能傻傻的一直在哪里点击执行吧,因为阻塞这种情况有可能在那段时间都不会出现,只会在特定的时间段出现。

          2:我想了解一段时间内数据库出现的阻塞情况,那么需要将阻塞信息保留下来。

         3:有时候忙不过来,我想将这些具体阻塞信息发送给相关开发人员,让他们了解具体情况。

于是我想通过一个存储过程来实现这方面功能,通过设置参数@OutType,默认为输出阻塞会话信息,当参数为"Table" 时,将阻塞信息写入数据库表,如果参数为 "Email"表示将阻塞信息通过邮件发送开发人员。

正好这段时间,我在YourSQLDba上扩展一些功能,于是我将这个存储过程放置在YouSQLDba数据库中。

USE [YourSQLDba]

GO

 

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id=OBJECT_ID(N'[Maint].[BlockingSQLHistory]') AND type='U')

BEGIN

CREATE TABLE Maint.BlockingSQLHistory

(               

                RecordTime                        DATETIME           ,

                DatabaseName                      SYSNAME            ,

                BlockingSessesionId               SMALLINT           ,

                ProgramName                       NCHAR(128)         ,

                UserName                          NCHAR(256)         ,

                ClientIpAddress                   VARCHAR(48)        ,

                WaitType                          NCHAR(60)          ,

                BlockingStartTime                 DATETIME           ,

                WaitDuration                      BIGINT             ,

                BlockedSessionId                  INT                ,        

                BlockedSQLText                    NVARCHAR(MAX)      ,

                BlockingSQLText                   NVARCHAR(MAX)      ,

                CONSTRAINT PK_BlockingSQLHistory  PRIMARY KEY(RecordTime)

)

 

END

GO

存储过程如下所示:

USE [YourSQLDba]

GO

 

IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[Maint].[sp_who_blocking]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC'))

DROP PROCEDURE [Maint].[sp_who_blocking]

GO

 

 

 

 

 

SET ANSI_NULLS ON

GO

 

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON

GO

 

 

 

--==================================================================================================================

--        ProcedureName         :            [Maint].[sp_who_blocking]

--        Author                :            Kerry    http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/

--        CreateDate            :            2014-04-23

--        Description           :            监控数据库阻塞情况,显示阻塞会话信息或收集阻塞会话信息或发送告警邮件

/******************************************************************************************************************

        Parameters                   :                                    参数说明

********************************************************************************************************************

            @OutType         :            默认为输出阻塞会话信息,"Table", "Email"分别表示将阻塞信息写入表或邮件发送

            @EmailSubject    :            邮件主题.默认为Sql Blocking Alert,一般指定,例如“ServerName Sql Blocking Alert"

            @ProfileName     :            @profile_name 默认值为YourSQLDba_EmailProfile

            @RecipientsLst   :            收件人列表

********************************************************************************************************************

   Modified Date    Modified User     Version                 Modified Reason

********************************************************************************************************************

    2014-04-23             Kerry         V01.00.00         新建存储过程[Maint].[sp_who_blocking]


*******************************************************************************************************************/

--==================================================================================================================

CREATE PROCEDURE [Maint].[sp_who_blocking]

(

        @OutType    

            VARCHAR(8) ='Default'                  ,

        @EmailSubject         

            VARCHAR(120)='Sql Blocking Alert'      ,

        @ProfileName         

            sysname='YourSQLDba_EmailProfile'      ,

        @RecipientsLst 

             VARCHAR(MAX) = NULL

)

AS

BEGIN

 

SET NOCOUNT ON;

 

DECLARE @HtmlContent  NVARCHAR(MAX) ;

 

    IF @OutType NOT IN ('Default', 'Table','Email')

    BEGIN

        PRINT 'The parameter @OutType is not correct,please check it';

        

        return;

    END

 

    IF @OutType ='Default'

        BEGIN

        

              SELECT db.name                                 AS DatabaseName    

                    ,wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId

                    ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName

                    ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS UserName    

                    ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress    

                    ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    

                    ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime

                    ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration

                    ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId

                    ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText

                    ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText

              FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl

              INNER JOIN sys.databases db

                ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id

              INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt

                ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address

              INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1

                ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id

              INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2

                ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id

              LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp

                ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id

              CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1

              CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2;

         END

     ELSE IF @OutType='Table'

        BEGIN

     

              INSERT INTO [Maint].[BlockingSQLHistory]

              SELECT GETDATE()                               AS RecordTime

                    ,db.name                                 AS DatabaseName    

                    ,wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId

                    ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName

                    ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS UserName    

                    ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress

                    ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    

                    ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime

                    ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration

                    ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId

                    ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText

                    ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText

              FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl

              INNER JOIN sys.databases db

                ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id

              INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt

                ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address

              INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1

                ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id

              INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2

                ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id

              LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp

                ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id

              CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1

              CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2;

         END

      ELSE IF @OutType='Email'

         BEGIN

 

            SET @HtmlContent =

               N'<head>' 

             + N'<style type="text/css">h2, body {font-family: Arial, verdana;} table{font-size:11px; border-collapse:collapse;} td{background-color:#F1F1F1; border:1px solid black; padding:3px;} th{background-color:#99CCFF;}</style>'

             + N'<table border="1">' 

             + N'<tr>

                 <th>DatabaseName</th>

                 <th>BlockingSessesionId</th>

                 <th>ProgramName</th>

                 <th>UserName</th>

                 <th>ClientIpAddress</th>

                 <th>WaitType</th>

                 <th>BlockingStartTime</th>

                 <th>WaitDuration</th>

                 <th>BlockedSessionId</th> 

                 <th>BlockedSQLText</th>

                 <th>BlockingSQLText</th>

                </tr>' +

             CAST ( 

                    (SELECT db.name                                  AS TD, ''

                           ,wt.blocking_session_id                   AS TD, ''

                           ,sp.program_name                          AS TD, ''

                           ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)    AS TD, ''

                           ,ec1.client_net_address                   AS TD, ''

                           ,wt.wait_type                             AS TD, ''            

                           ,ec1.connect_time                         AS TD, ''

                           ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                 AS TD, ''

                           ,ec1.session_id                           AS TD, ''

                           ,h1.TEXT                                  AS TD, ''

                           ,h2.TEXT                                  AS TD, ''

 

                    FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl

                    INNER JOIN sys.databases db 

                            ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id

                    INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt  

                            ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address

                    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1 

                            ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id

                    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2 

                            ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id

                    LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp

                            ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id

                    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1

                    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2

                

               FOR XML PATH('tr'), TYPE 

                ) AS NVARCHAR(MAX) ) +

                N'</table>'

 

 

                IF @HtmlContent  IS NOT NULL

                 

                BEGIN

 

                    EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail     

                            @profile_name = @ProfileName    ,     

                            @recipients   = @RecipientsLst    ,     

                            @subject      = @EmailSubject    ,     

                            @body         = @HtmlContent    ,   

                            @body_format  = 'HTML' ; 

 

                END

        END

 

END

GO

最后在数据库新建一个作业,调用该存储过程,然后在某段时间启用作业监控数据库的阻塞情况,作业的执行频率是个比较难以定夺的头痛问题,具体要根据系统情况来决定,我习惯2分钟执行一次。

最后,这个脚本还有一个问题,如果阻塞或被阻塞的SQL语句是某个存储过程里面的一段脚本,显示的SQL是整个存储过程,而不是正在执行的SQL语句,目前还没有想到好的方法解决这个问题。我目前手工去查看阻塞情况,如果非要查看存储过程里面被阻塞的正在执行的SQL,一般结合下面SQL语句查看(输入阻塞或被阻塞会话ID替代@sessionid)

SELECT   [Spid] = er.session_id 

        ,[ecid] 

        ,[Database] = DB_NAME(sp.dbid) 

        ,[Start_Time]

        ,[SessionRunTime]    = datediff(SECOND, start_time,getdate())    

        ,[SqlRunTime]=     RIGHT(convert(varchar, 

                                 dateadd(ms, datediff(ms, sp.last_batch, getdate()), '1900-01-01'), 

                            121), 12)  

        ,[HostName]  

        ,[Users]=COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)

        ,[Status] = er.status 

        ,[WaitType] = er.wait_type 

        ,[Waitime] = er.wait_time/1000   

        ,[Individual Query] = SUBSTRING(qt.text, er.statement_start_offset / 2,

                                       ( CASE WHEN er.statement_end_offset = -1

                                              THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), qt.text))

                                                   * 2

                                              ELSE er.statement_end_offset

                                         END - er.statement_start_offset ) / 2) 

        ,[Parent Query] = qt.text 

        ,[PROGRAM_NAME] = program_name 

FROM    sys.dm_exec_requests er

        INNER JOIN sys.sysprocesses sp ON er.session_id = sp.spid

        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(er.sql_handle) AS qt

WHERE   session_Id = @sessionid;

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