原文:【SQL Server DBA】日常巡检语句3：特定监控(阻塞、top语句、索引、作业)
1、查询阻塞信息、锁定了哪些资源
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--1.查看阻塞信息
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select spid,loginame,waitresource from master..sysprocesses
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where blocked <> 0
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/*
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spid loginame waitresource
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53 ggg-PC\Administrator RID:1:1:1385:0
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*/
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-
-
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--2.查看语句
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dbcc inputbuffer(53)
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/*
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eventInfo
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select * from xx
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*/
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--3.查看锁的信息
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exec sp_lock @spid1 = 53
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/*
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spid dbid ObjId IndId Type Resource Mode Status
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53 1 1335727861 0 PAG 1:1385 IS GRANT
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53 1 1335727861 0 RID 1:1385:0 S WAIT
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53 1 1335727861 0 TAB IS GRANT
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*/
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--select OBJECT_ID(1335727861) as table_name
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--4.打开数据库
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select *
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from sysdatabases
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where dbid = 1
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/*
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name dbid sid mode status status2 crdate reserved category cmptlevel filename version
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master 1 0x01 0 65544 1090520064 2003-04-08 09:13:36.390 1900-01-01 00:00:00.000 0 100 C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10_50.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\master.mdf 661
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*/
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--5.根据锁信息中的ObjId列：1335727861，找到了这个xx表
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select *
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from sysobjects
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where id = 1335727861
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/*
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name id xtype uid info status base_schema_ver replinfo parent_obj crdate ftcatid schema_ver stats_schema_ver type userstat sysstat indexdel refdate version deltrig instrig updtrig seltrig category cache
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xx 1335727861 U 1 0 0 0 0 0 2013-12-25 08:55:07.523 0 0 0 U 1 3 0 2013-12-25 08:55:07.523 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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*/
查找死锁
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exec sp_who_lock
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/*
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create procedure sp_who_lock
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as
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begin
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declare @spid int,@bl int,
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@intTransactionCountOnEntry int,
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@intRowcount int,
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@intCountProperties int,
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@intCounter int
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create table #tmp_lock_who (id int identity(1,1),spid smallint,bl smallint)
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IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR
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insert into #tmp_lock_who(spid,bl) select 0 ,blocked
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from (select * from sys.sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) a
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where not exists(select * from (select * from sys.sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) b
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where a.blocked=spid)
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union select spid,blocked from sys.sysprocesses where blocked>0
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IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR
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-- 找到临时表的记录数
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select @intCountProperties = Count(*),@intCounter = 1
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from #tmp_lock_who
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IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR
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if @intCountProperties=0
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select '现在没有阻塞和死锁信息' as message
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-- 循环开始
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while @intCounter <= @intCountProperties
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begin
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-- 取第一条记录
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select @spid = spid,@bl = bl
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from #tmp_lock_who where id = @intCounter
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begin
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if @spid =0
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select '引起数据库死锁的是: '+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) + '进程号,其执行的SQL语法如下'
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else
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select '进程号SPID：'+ CAST(@spid AS VARCHAR(10))+ '被' + '进程号SPID：'+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) +'阻塞,其当前进程执行的SQL语法如下'
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DBCC INPUTBUFFER (@bl )
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end
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-- 循环指针下移
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set @intCounter = @intCounter + 1
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end
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drop table #tmp_lock_who
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return 0
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end
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*/
查看进程中正在执行的SQL
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dbcc inputbuffer(spid)
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exec sp_who3
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/*
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CREATE PROCEDURE sp_who3 ( @SessionID INT = NULL )
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AS
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BEGIN
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SELECT SPID = er.session_id ,
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Status = ses.status ,
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[Login] = ses.login_name ,
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Host = ses.host_name ,
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BlkBy = er.blocking_session_id ,
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DBName = DB_NAME(er.database_id) ,
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CommandType = er.command ,
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SQLStatement = st.text ,
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ObjectName = OBJECT_NAME(st.objectid) ,
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ElapsedMS = er.total_elapsed_time ,
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CPUTime = er.cpu_time ,
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IOReads = er.logical_reads + er.reads ,
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IOWrites = er.writes ,
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LastWaitType = er.last_wait_type ,
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StartTime = er.start_time ,
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Protocol = con.net_transport ,
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ConnectionWrites = con.num_writes ,
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ConnectionReads = con.num_reads ,
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ClientAddress = con.client_net_address ,
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Authentication = con.auth_scheme
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FROM sys.dm_exec_requests er
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OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(er.sql_handle) st
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LEFT JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions ses ON ses.session_id = er.session_id
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LEFT JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections con ON con.session_id = ses.session_id
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WHERE er.session_id > 50
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AND @SessionID IS NULL
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OR er.session_id = @SessionID
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ORDER BY er.blocking_session_id DESC ,
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er.session_id
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-
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END
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*/
2、top 语句
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--SQL Server启动以来累计使用CPU资源最多的语句。
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select
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highest_cpu_queries.*,
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q.dbid,
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q.objectid,
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q.number,
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q.encrypted,
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q.[text]
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from
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(
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select top 10 qs.*
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from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
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order by qs.total_worker_time desc
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) as highest_cpu_queries
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cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle) as q
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--where text like '%%'
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order by highest_cpu_queries.total_worker_time desc
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--我们也可以找到最经常做编重新译的存储过程,也就是recompile过。
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select top 10
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a.sql_handle,
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a.plan_generation_num,
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a.execution_count,
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s.dbid,
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s.objectid,
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s.text
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from sys.dm_exec_query_stats a
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cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as s
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where plan_generation_num >1
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order by plan_generation_num desc
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--返回做IO数目最多的10条语句以及它们的执行计划
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select top 10
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(qs.total_logical_reads / qs.execution_count) as avg_logical_reads,
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(qs.total_logical_writes / qs.execution_count) as avg_logical_writes,
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(qs.total_physical_reads / qs.execution_count) as avg_phys_reads,
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qs.execution_count,
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qs.statement_start_offset,
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qs.statement_end_offset,
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qt.dbid,
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qt.objectid,
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SUBSTRING(qt.text,
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qs.statement_start_offset/2,
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(case when qs.statement_end_offset = -1
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then len(convert(nvarchar(max), qt.text)) * 2
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else qs.statement_end_offset
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end - qs.statement_start_offset
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) / 2 + 1
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) as statement
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from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
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cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as qt
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cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan(plan_handle) as q
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order by
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(total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) / Execution_count Desc
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--返回最经常运行的10条语句
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SELECT TOP 10
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cp.cacheobjtype,
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cp.usecounts, --使用这个缓存的执行计划的次数
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cp.size_in_bytes, --缓存的执行计划使用的字节数
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qs.execution_count, --执行次数,与usecounts相等.
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qs.plan_generation_num, --用来区分:重新编译语句和存储过程
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qs.statement_start_offset,
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qs.statement_end_offset,
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qt.dbid,
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qt.objectid,
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SUBSTRING(qt.text,
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qs.statement_start_offset/2,
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(case when qs.statement_end_offset = -1
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then len(convert(nvarchar(max), qt.text)) * 2
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else qs.statement_end_offset
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end - qs.statement_start_offset
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) / 2 + 1
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) as statement
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FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
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cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) as qt
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inner join sys.dm_exec_cached_plans as cp
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on qs.plan_handle=cp.plan_handle
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and cp.plan_handle=qs.plan_handle
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where cp.usecounts>4
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ORDER BY [dbid],[Usecounts] DESC
3、索引
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-- 当前数据库可能缺少的索引
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select
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s.group_handle, --标识缺失索引组,在服务器中是唯一的,一个索引组仅包含一个索引
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s.unique_compiles, --从索缺失索引组受益的不同查询的编译和重新编译数
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s.user_seeks, --如果用户查询使用了组中建议索引，所导致的查找次数
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s.user_scans, --如果用户查询使用了组中建议索引，所导致的扫描次数
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s.last_user_seek, --如果用户查询使用了组中建议索引，所导致上次查找的日期和时间
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s.last_user_scan, --如果用户查询使用了组中建议索引，所导致上次扫描的日期和时间
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s.avg_total_user_cost, --如果用户查询使用了组中建议索引，所能减少的平均成本
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s.avg_user_impact, --如果实现了建议索引，那么用户查询的成本将按此百分比平均下降
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s.system_seeks, --如果系统查询（如自动统计信息查询）使用了组中建议索引，所导致的查找次数
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s.system_scans, --如果系统查询使用了组中建议索引，所导致的扫描次数
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s.last_system_seek, --如果系统查询使用了组中建议索引，所导致上次查找的日期和时间
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s.last_system_scan, --如果系统查询使用了组中建议索引，所导致上次扫描的日期和时间
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s.avg_total_system_cost, --如果系统查询使用了组中建议索引，所能减少的平均成本
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s.avg_system_impact, --如果实现了建议索引，那么系统查询的成本将按此百分比平均下降
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g.index_group_handle, --标识缺失索引组
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g.index_handle, --标识由index_group_handle组指定的缺失索引。一个索引组包含一个索引
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d.index_handle,
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d.database_id, --标识索引缺失的表所在的数据库id
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d.object_id, --标识索引缺失的表
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d.statement,
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d.equality_columns, --构成相等谓词的列的逗号分隔列表，如下：table.column = constant_value
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d.inequality_columns,--构成不等谓词的列的逗号分隔列表，=之外的任何比较运算符都表示不等.
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--以下形式的谓词:table.column > constant_value
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d.included_columns, --用于查询的涵盖列的逗号分隔列表。有关涵盖列或包含列的详细信息
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c.column_id,
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c.column_name,
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c.column_usage /*
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EQUALITY:列提供一个表示相等的谓词，形式为：table.column = constant_value
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INEQUALITY:列包含表示不等的谓词，形式为：table.column > constant_value
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INCLUDE:列不用于谓词赋值，但用于其他原因，例如包含一个查询。
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=之外的任何比较运算符都表示不等。
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*/
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from sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats s --缺失索引组的摘要信息，不包括空间索引
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inner join sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups g --特定缺失索引组中包含的缺失索引（不含空间索引）信息
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on s.group_handle = g.index_group_handle
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inner join sys.dm_db_missing_index_details d --返回有关缺失索引的详细信息，不包括空间索引
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on d.index_handle = g.index_handle
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cross apply sys.dm_db_missing_index_columns(d.index_handle) c --缺少索引的表的列的信息
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order by s.avg_user_impact desc
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--索引的使用情况
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select DB_NAME(t.database_id) dbname,
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OBJECT_NAME(t.object_id) tablename,
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i.name indexname,
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t.user_seeks,
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t.user_scans,
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t.user_lookups,
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t.user_updates
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from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats t
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inner join sys.indexes i
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on t.object_id = i.object_id and
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t.index_id = i.index_id
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--修改次数最多的索引，通过Database_id,object_id,index_id和partition_number找是哪个数据库的哪个索引
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SELECT top 100 *
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FROM sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL)
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order by leaf_insert_count +
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leaf_delete_count +
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leaf_update_count desc
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--返回当前数据库所有碎片率大于25%的索引
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declare @dbid int
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select @dbid = db_id()
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SELECT *
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FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (@dbid, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL)
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where avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 25
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order by avg_fragmentation_in_percent desc
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--页的分裂次数,可以适当加大fillfactor的值
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use master
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go
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select leaf_allocation_count, --由于页拆分所引起的页分配的累积计数
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nonleaf_allocation_count, --叶级以上由页拆分引起的页分配的累积计数
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leaf_page_merge_count, --叶级页合并的累积计数
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nonleaf_page_merge_count --叶级以上页合并的累积计数
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from sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats
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(
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db_id('数据库名'),object_id('数据库名.dbo.temp_lock'),1,null
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)
4、如何用脚本获得sql server作业的执行情况
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select j.name as job_name,
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js.step_name,
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h.run_date,
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h.run_time,
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h.run_duration,
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h.server,
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case run_status
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when 0 then '失败'
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when 1 then '成功'
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when 2 then '重试'
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when 3 then '取消'
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when 4 then '正在进行'
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end as run_status
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from msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory h
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inner join msdb.dbo.sysjobs j
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on h.job_id = j.job_id
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inner join msdb.dbo.sysjobsteps js
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on js.job_id = h.job_id
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and js.step_id = h.step_id