问题:当数据调用没有使用https加密时,app被抓包,接口暴露,此时可能导致被刷等安全问题
解决:1. 使用https传输
2. 在进行数据传输时进行手动加密(app端和后端定义统一的加密方式),这里采用普遍使用的AES+Base64加密
(注:AES加密方式中,生成安全随机数序列的加密方式,会导致java和安卓联调时出现无法解密的问题,文末会说)
加密后预期结果:
新建工具类并测试:
package com.demo.utils; import javax.crypto.*;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom; public class AESUtil { // private static final String SECRET_KEY = "51f14cbda893c2bc13826c2c1a0c88aa";//32位小写
private static final String SECRET_KEY = "a893c2bc13826c2c";//目前jdk版本只支持16位秘钥(32位的需添加jar包)前后端统一的秘钥
private static String ivParameter = "ceshiceshi111111";//偏移量 前后端统一的偏移量// 加密
public static String encrypt(String content) {
if (content == null || content.replaceAll(" ", "").equals("")) {
return "";
}
try {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");// 创建密码器
byte[] raw = SECRET_KEY.getBytes();
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");// 转换为AES专用密钥
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(ivParameter.getBytes());// 使用CBC模式,需要一个向量iv,可增加加密算法的强度
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, iv);// 初始化为加密模式的密码器
byte[] byteRresult = cipher.doFinal(content.getBytes("utf-8"));// 加密
return new StringBuilder(Base64.encode(byteRresult)).reverse().toString();//进行base64编码,并倒序转换
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchPaddingException
| IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
return "";
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "";
}
} // 解密
public static String decrypt(String content) {
if (content == null || content.replaceAll(" ", "").equals("")) {
return "";
}
try {
byte[] byteRresult = Base64.decode(new StringBuilder(content).reverse().toString());//倒序转换并base64解码
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");// 创建密码器
byte[] raw = SECRET_KEY.getBytes();
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");// 转换为AES专用密钥
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(ivParameter.getBytes());// 使用CBC模式,需要一个向量iv,可增加加密算法的强度
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, iv);// 初始化为加密模式的密码器
byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteRresult);// 解密
return new String(result);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchPaddingException
| IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
return "";
} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "";
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
String content = "程序默认没有bug";
System.out.println("加密之前:" + content); // 加密
String jiami = AESUtil.encrypt(content);
System.out.println("加密后的内容:" + jiami); // 解密
String jiemi = AESUtil.decrypt(jiami);
System.out.println("解密后的内容:" + jiemi); } }
java中Base64的加密工具封装:
package com.mobile.utils; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; /**
* Created by Administrator on 2017/10/25.
*/
public class Base64 {
private static final char[] legalChars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".toCharArray(); public static String encode(byte[] data) {
int start = 0;
int len = data.length;
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(data.length * 3 / 2); int end = len - 3;
int i = start;
int n = 0; while (i <= end) {
int d = ((((int) data[i]) & 0x0ff) << 16) | ((((int) data[i + 1]) & 0x0ff) << 8) | (((int) data[i + 2]) & 0x0ff); buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 18) & 63]);
buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 12) & 63]);
buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 6) & 63]);
buf.append(legalChars[d & 63]); i += 3; if (n++ >= 14) {
n = 0;
buf.append(" ");
}
} if (i == start + len - 2) {
int d = ((((int) data[i]) & 0x0ff) << 16) | ((((int) data[i + 1]) & 255) << 8); buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 18) & 63]);
buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 12) & 63]);
buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 6) & 63]);
buf.append("=");
} else if (i == start + len - 1) {
int d = (((int) data[i]) & 0x0ff) << 16; buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 18) & 63]);
buf.append(legalChars[(d >> 12) & 63]);
buf.append("==");
} return buf.toString();
} private static int decode(char c) {
if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
return ((int) c) - 65;
else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
return ((int) c) - 97 + 26;
else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
return ((int) c) - 48 + 26 + 26;
else
switch (c) {
case '+':
return 62;
case '/':
return 63;
case '=':
return 0;
default:
throw new RuntimeException("unexpected code: " + c);
}
} /**
* Decodes the given Base64 encoded String to a new byte array. The byte array holding the decoded data is returned.
*/ public static byte[] decode(String s) { ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
decode(s, bos);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
byte[] decodedBytes = bos.toByteArray();
try {
bos.close();
bos = null;
} catch (IOException ex) {
System.err.println("Error while decoding BASE64: " + ex.toString());
}
return decodedBytes;
} private static void decode(String s, OutputStream os) throws IOException {
int i = 0; int len = s.length(); while (true) {
while (i < len && s.charAt(i) <= ' ')
i++; if (i == len)
break; int tri = (decode(s.charAt(i)) << 18) + (decode(s.charAt(i + 1)) << 12) + (decode(s.charAt(i + 2)) << 6) + (decode(s.charAt(i + 3))); os.write((tri >> 16) & 255);
if (s.charAt(i + 2) == '=')
break;
os.write((tri >> 8) & 255);
if (s.charAt(i + 3) == '=')
break;
os.write(tri & 255); i += 4;
}
} public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String content = "程序默认没有bug";
System.out.println("加密之前:" + content); // 加密
String jiami = Base64.encode(content.getBytes("utf-8"));
System.out.println("加密后的内容:" + jiami); // 解密
String jiemi = new String(Base64.decode(jiami));
System.out.println("解密后的内容:" + jiemi);
}
}
运行结果如图:
以下加密在进行与android联调时会出现问题(单纯java后台使用可以用)
刚开始时使用了AES的另一种加密方式:但是在与android联调时出现问题,具体如下:
package com.mobile.utils; import javax.crypto.*;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom; public class AESUtil { private static final String SECRET_KEY = "51f14cbda893c2bc13826c2c1a0c88aa";//xinyongdashi MD5加密32位小写//此方法会在安卓和java联调时出现问题(默认随机数序列不一致)解决:不要使用默认的创建方法。
public static String encry(String content) {
if (content == null || content.replaceAll(" ", "").equals("")) {
return "";
}
try {
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); // 创建AES的Key生产者
SecureRandom random = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG");// 初始化出
random.setSeed(SECRET_KEY.getBytes());//利用自定义SECRET_KEY作为随机数
kgen.init(128, random);// 128位的key生产者 //加密没关系,SecureRandom是生成安全随机数序列,SECRET_KEY.getBytes()是种子,只要种子相同,序列就一样,所以解密只要有password就行
SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();//根据用户密码,生成一个密钥
byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();// 返回基本编码格式的密钥,如果此密钥不支持编码,则返回null。
SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");// 转换为AES专用密钥
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器
byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);// 初始化为加密模式的密码器
byte[] byteRresult = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);// 加密
/*StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (byte aByteRresult : byteRresult) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(aByteRresult & 0xFF);
if (hex.length() == 1) {
hex = '0' + hex;
}
sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
}
return sb.toString();*/
return new StringBuilder(Base64.encode(byteRresult)).reverse().toString();//进行base64编码
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException | InvalidKeyException
| UnsupportedEncodingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
} public static String unencry(String content) {
if (content == null || content.replaceAll(" ", "").equals("")) {
return "";
}
/*byte[] byteRresult = new byte[content.length() / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < content.length() / 2; i++) {
int high = Integer.parseInt(content.substring(i * 2, i * 2 + 1), 16);
int low = Integer.parseInt(content.substring(i * 2 + 1, i * 2 + 2), 16);
byteRresult[i] = (byte) (high * 16 + low);
}*/
try {
byte[] byteRresult = Base64.decode(new StringBuilder(content).reverse().toString());//base64解码
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");// 创建AES的Key生产者
SecureRandom random = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG");
random.setSeed(SECRET_KEY.getBytes());//利用自定义SECRET_KEY作为随机数
kgen.init(128, random);
SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();//返回基本编码格式的密钥
SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");// 转换为AES专用密钥
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);// 初始化为解密模式的密码器
byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteRresult);
return new String(result);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchPaddingException
| IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
return "";
}
}public static void main(String[] args) {
String content = "程序默认没有bug";
System.out.println("加密之前:" + content); // 加密
String jiami = AESUtil.encrypt(content);
System.out.println("加密后的内容:" + jiami); // 解密
String jiemi = AESUtil.decrypt(jiami);
System.out.println("解密后的内容:" + jiemi); } }
使用此方式加密的结果就是:android端的加密数据,后台解密不了;
所以应该使用AES中的cbc模式(秘钥+偏移向量),即文章开始说的。