编译安装PHP及内置PHP-FPM
nginx本身不能处理PHP,它只是个web服务器,当接收到请求后,如果是php请求,则发给php解释器处理,并把结果返回给客户端(浏览器)。
nginx一般是把请求发fastcgi管理进程处理,fascgi管理进程选择cgi子进程处理结果并返回给nginx,然后nginx返回给浏览器。
下面将以php-fpm为例介绍如何使nginx支持PHP
0.什么是php-fpm
PHP-FPM是一个PHP FastCGI管理器,是只用于PHP的.
PHP-FPM其实是PHP源代码的一个补丁,旨在将FastCGI进程管理整合进PHP包中。必须将它patch到你的PHP源代码中,在编译安装PHP后才可以使用。
新版PHP已经集成php-fpm了,不再是第三方的包了,推荐使用。PHP-FPM提供了更好的PHP进程管理方式,可以有效控制内存和进程、可以平滑重载PHP配置,比spawn-fcgi具有更多优点,所以被PHP官方收录了。在./configure的时候带 –enable-fpm参数即可开启PHP-FPM,其它参数都是配置php的,具体选项含义可以查看这里。
1.安装前准备:编译环境及依赖
编译环境:
yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make gcc-c++ glibc
依赖包(按需安装):
yum -y install libxslt-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel
2.安装php及内置php-fpm
cd ~/download #若无此目录请创建
wget -O php-5.6..tar.gz http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.6.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
tar zxvf php-5.6..tar.gz
cd php-5.6.
./configure --enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring --disable-pdo --with-curl --disable-debug --disable-rpath \
--enable-inline-optimization --with-bz2 --with-zlib --enable-sockets \
--enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-pcntl --enable-mbregex \
--enable-zip --with-pcre-regex --with-mysql --with-mysqli \
--with-gd --with-jpeg-dir
出现如下Thank you字样,表示配置成功:
再通过make进行编译,make install进行安装:
make
make install
最终安装后的目录路径信息如下:
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-/
Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/sbin/
Installing PHP FPM config: /usr/local/etc/
Installing PHP FPM man page: /usr/local/php/man/man8/
Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/php/php/fpm/
Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment: /usr/local/lib/php/build/
Installing header files: /usr/local/include/php/
Installing helper programs: /usr/local/bin/
program: phpize
program: php-config
Installing man pages: /usr/local/php/man/man1/
page: phpize.
page: php-config.
Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/lib/php/
[PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.3.
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.3.
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.0.
[PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.2.
[PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.9.
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/root/download/php-5.6./build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/bin/phar
3.给php创建专有的用户和组www-data
groupadd www-data
useradd -g www-data www-data
4.生成修改php-fpm的默认配置,并使php-fpm以www-data用户的身份运行:
cd /usr/local/etc/
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vi php-fpm.conf
找到并修改为以下行(149行):
user = www-data
group = www-data
找到并修改以下行(164行)(为了支持使用任意IP访问,为后面负载均衡做准备):
listen = [::]:9000
以上修改成功后,php-fpm是可以直接提供服务了
5.下面我们希望将其注册为服务,并可以方便的start/stop,需要如下工作
首先,修改php-fpm的配置文件,设置pid文件存放路径:
vi /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf
找到并修改如下内容(25行):
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
在/etc/init.d/中我们创建一个服务脚本php-fpm
vi /etc/init.d/php-fpm
写入以下内容:
#! /bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: php-fpm
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $network
# Default-Start:
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: starts php-fpm
# Description: starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager daemon
### END INIT INFO prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=/usr php_fpm_BIN=/usr/local/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php-fpm.pid php_opts="--fpm-config $php_fpm_CONF" wait_for_pid () {
try= while test $try -lt ; do case "$1" in
'created')
if [ -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;; 'removed')
if [ ! -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;;
esac echo -n .
try=`expr $try + `
sleep done } case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting php-fpm " $php_fpm_BIN $php_opts if [ "$?" != ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit
fi wait_for_pid created $php_fpm_PID if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit
else
echo " done"
fi
;; stop)
echo -n "Gracefully shutting down php-fpm " if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit
fi kill -QUIT `cat $php_fpm_PID` wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed. Use force-quit"
exit
else
echo " done"
fi
;; force-quit)
echo -n "Terminating php-fpm " if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit
fi kill -TERM `cat $php_fpm_PID` wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit
else
echo " done"
fi
;; restart)
$ stop
$ start
;; reload) echo -n "Reload service php-fpm " if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit
fi kill -USR2 `cat $php_fpm_PID` echo " done"
;; *)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload}"
exit
;; esac
给该脚本赋予执行权限:
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
注册为服务并随系统启动:
chkconfig php-fpm on
6.以上完成后,我们就可以测试并运行php了(将运行在9000端口)
service php-fpm start
我们可以通过下面的命令查看到php-fpm的进程:
ps aux|grep php
将打印出进程信息:
到此,php-fpm已经可以提供服务了