运维开发笔记整理-django日志配置

                运维开发笔记整理-django日志配置

                                       作者:尹正杰

版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。

一.Django日志

  Django使用python内建的logging模块打印日志,Python的logging配置由四个部分组成:

1>.记录器(Logger)

2>.处理程序(Handler)

3>.过滤器(Filter)

4>.格式化(Formatter)

  更多关于logging模块的配置信息,详情请参考:https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/python_352/library/logging.html

二.记录器(Logger)

1>.Logger为日志系统的入口。每个logger命名都是bucket,你可以向这个bucket写入需要处理的消息;

2>.每个logger都有一个日志级别。日志级别表示该logger将要处理的消息的严重性。Python定义以下几种日志级别:

  DEBUG:
      用于调试目的的底层系统信息   INFO:
      普通的系统信息   WARNING:
      表示出现一个较小的问题   ERROR:
      表示出现一个较大的问题   CRITICAL:
      表示出现一个致命的问题

3>.写入logger的每条消息都是一条日志。每条日志也具有一个日志级别,它表示对应的消息的严重性。每个日志记录还可以包含描述正在打印的时间的元信息;

4>.当一条消息传递给logger是,消息的日志级别将与logger的日志级别进行比较。如果消息的日志级别大雨等于logger的日志级别,该消息将会往下继续处理。如果小雨,该消息将被忽略;

5>.Logger一旦决定消息需要处理,它将传递消息给一个Handler;

三.logger的日志级别

级别            值          描述
CRITICAL      50     关键错误/消息
ERROR        40     错误
WARNING       30     警告消息
INFO         20     通知消息
DEBGU        10     调试
NOTSET        0      无级别

四.Logger配置

  logger对应的值是个字典,其每一个键都是logger的名字,每一个值又是个字典,描述了如何配置对应的Logger实力。

level(可选的):
logger的级别。 propagate(可选的):
logger的传播设置。 filters(可选的):
logger的filter的标识符的列表。 handllers(可选的):
logger的handler的标识符的列表。
LOGGING = {
'loggers': {
'devops': {
'handlers': ['file_handler', 'console_handler'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
},
},
}

Logger配置示例

  想要了解更多logger,详情请参考:https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/python_352/library/logging.html#logger-objects

五.处理程序(Handler)

1>.Handler决定如何处理logger中的每条消息。它表示一个特定的日志行为,例如将消息写到屏幕上,写到文件中或者写到网络socket。

2>.与logger一样,handler也有一个日志级别。如果消息的日志级别小雨handler的级别,handler将忽略该消息。

3>.Logger可以有多个handler,而每个handler可以有不同的日志级别。利用这种方式,可以根据消息的重要性提供不同形式的处理。

"handlers": {
"file": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler",
"filename": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "debug.log"),
"when":"S",
"interval":5,
"formatter": "default"
},
},

Handler示例

  想要了解更多handler,详情请参考:https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/python_352/library/logging.html#handler-objects

  想要了解更多loggin-handler,详情请参考:https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/python_352/library/logging.handlers.html

六.过滤器(Filters)

1>.Filter用于对从logger传递给handler的日志记录进行额外的控制。

2>.默认情况下,满足日志级别的任何消息都将被处理。通过安装一个filter,你可以对日志处理添加额外的条件。例如,你可以安装一个filter,只允许处理来自特定源的ERROR消息;

3>.Filters还可以用于修改将要处理的日志记录的优先级。例如,如果日志记录满足特定的条件,你可以编写一个filter将日志记录从ERROR将为WARNING(我想说然而并没有什么乱用!);

4>.Filters可以安装在logger是那个或者多个handler上;多个filter可以串联起来实现多层filter行为;

七.格式化(Formatters)

  日志记录需要转换成文本。Formatter表示文本的格式。Fomatter通常由包含日志记录属性的Python格式字符串组成;你也可以编写自定义的fomatter来实现自己的格式。

LOGGING = {
'formatters': {
‘devops’:{
'format': '%(asctime)s - %(pathname)s:%(lineno)d[%(levelname)s] - %(message)s'
}
'simple': {
'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s'
},
},
}

Formatters的案例展示

  更多formatters,详情请参考:https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/python_352/library/logging.html#formatter-objects

Format日志消息格式                        描述
%(name)s     记录器的名称
%(levelno)s 数字形式的日志记录级别
%(levelname)s 日志记录级别的文本名称
%(filename)s  执行日志记录调用的源文件的文件名称
%(pathname)s  执行日志记录调用的源文件的路径名称
%(funcName)s   执行日志记录调用的函数名称
%(module)s    执行日志记录调用的模块名称
%(lineno)s    执行日志记录调用的行号
%(created)s   执行日志记录的时间
%(asctime)s   日期和时间
%(msecs)s    毫秒部分
%(thread)s    线程ID
%(threadName)s    线程名称
%(process)s   进程ID
%(message)s   记录的消息 

八.Django内置logger

1>.django

  获取所有日志。

2>.django.request

  处理与请求相关的日志,5xx响应报出error,400报出WARNING日志。

3>.django.db.backends

  处理与数据库之间的交互的日志。

4>.django.security.*

   处理与安全相关的日志。

5>.django.db.backends.schemea

  处理数据库迁移时的日志。

  想要了解更多Django内置的logger详情请参考:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/logging/#id3

九.使用python的logging模块案例展示

"""DevOps URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r"^dashboard/",include("dashboard.urls"))
]

DevOps中的urls.py文件内容

#!/usr/bin/env python
#_*_conding:utf-8_*_
#@author :yinzhengjie
#blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/ from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views urlpatterns = [
url(r"^login/",views.LoginView.as_view()),
url(r"^index/", views.MyPageView.as_view()),
]

dashboard中的urls.py文件内容

"""
Django settings for DevOps project. Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.11. For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/ For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
""" import os # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/ # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'fobwai!6%)9$$-*+&5v9-s_p3-e5=5jb9%7ko131o_g&eu8d+@' # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"] # Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'dashboard.apps.DashboardConfig',
] MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
] ROOT_URLCONF = 'DevOps.urls' TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
,
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'DevOps.wsgi.application' # Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # 连接的数据库类型
'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 连接数据库的地址
'PORT': 3306, # 端口
'NAME': "devops", # 数据库名称
'USER': 'root', # 用户
'PASSWORD': 'yinzhengjie' # 密码
}
} # Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
] # Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/ LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = '/static/' LOGGING = {
"version": 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False, #一般情况下设置为False,表示不禁用Django的默认配置 'formatters': {
'devops': {
'format': '[%(asctime)s] [%(process)d] [%(thread)d] [%(filename)16s:%(lineno)4d] [%(levelname)-6s] %(message)s'
},
'simple': {
'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s'
},
'default': {
'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(pathname)s [ %(lineno)s] %(message)s',
"datefmt":"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
}
}, "handlers": {
"console": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"formatter": "simple"
},
"file": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"filename": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "django.log"),
"formatter": "default"
},
}, "loggers":{
"yinzhnegjie-devops": {
"level": "DEBUG", #配置日志级别
"handlers": ["console","file"], #指定具体的对象去写
'propagate': False, #是否向上传播日志
},
}, }

DevOps中的settings.py文件内容

  dashboard的APP对应的views.py视图函数编写的代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/env python
#_*_conding:utf-8_*_
#@author :yinzhengjie
#blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/ from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import logging # 注意,下面的“yinzhnegjie-devops”字符串摘自“setting.py”中LOGGING对应的loggers所属的value值。换句话说,就是这个字符串必须在setting.py中定义!
logger = logging.getLogger("yinzhnegjie-devops") class LoginView(View): def get(self,request):
return render(request,"login.html") def post(self,request):
print("调用了POST方法!")
return HttpResponse("post...") class MyPageView(View):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#我们在代码中写入日志
logger.debug("这是第一条日志")
#定义每个页码显示信息的条数
Number_of_per_page = 10
try:
#获取到用户传递过来的查询页码
page = int(request.GET.get("page",1))
except:
#如果用户没有传递要查询的页码,我们这里给其设置一个默认值1,即显示第一页。
page = 1 #定义查询的起始位置
end = page * 10
start = end - 10 #定义查询的语句,注意这里并没有去数据库直接查询语句,这里只是定义好了要查询的SQL语句
queryset = User.objects.all()[start:end] #触发SQL语句,并将查询的结果转换成JSON格式
data = list(queryset.values("id","username","email")) return JsonResponse(data,safe=False)

  访问浏览器,查看对应的服务器URL配置,如下图所示:

运维开发笔记整理-django日志配置

十.使用Django内置的logger案例展示

"""DevOps URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r"^dashboard/",include("dashboard.urls"))
]

DevOps中的urls.py文件内容

"""
Django settings for DevOps project. Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.11. For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/ For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
""" import os # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/ # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'fobwai!6%)9$$-*+&5v9-s_p3-e5=5jb9%7ko131o_g&eu8d+@' # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"] # Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'dashboard.apps.DashboardConfig',
] MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
] ROOT_URLCONF = 'DevOps.urls' TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
,
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'DevOps.wsgi.application' # Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # 连接的数据库类型
'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 连接数据库的地址
'PORT': 3306, # 端口
'NAME': "devops", # 数据库名称
'USER': 'root', # 用户
'PASSWORD': 'yinzhengjie' # 密码
}
} # Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
] # Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/ LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = '/static/' LOGGING = {
"version": 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False, #一般情况下设置为False,表示不禁用Django的默认配置 'formatters': {
'devops': {
'format': '[%(asctime)s] [%(process)d] [%(thread)d] [%(filename)16s:%(lineno)4d] [%(levelname)-6s] %(message)s'
},
'simple': {
'format': '%(asctime)s %(message)s'
},
'default': {
'format': '%(asctime)s %(name)s %(levelno)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',
"datefmt":"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
}
}, "handlers": {
"console": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"formatter": "simple"
},
"file": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"filename": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "debug.log"),
"formatter": "default"
},
"request":{
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"filename": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "request.log"),
"formatter": "default"
},
"server": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"filename": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "server.log"),
"formatter": "default"
}, "root": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"filename": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "root.log"),
"formatter": "default"
}, "db_backends":{
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"filename": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "db_backends.log"),
"formatter": "default"
}
}, "loggers":{
"yinzhnegjie-devops": {
"level": "DEBUG", #配置日志级别
"handlers": ["console","file"], #指定具体的对象去写
'propagate': False, #是否向上传播日志
}, "django":{
"level": "DEBUG",
"handlers": [ "console","file"],
'propagate': False,
}, "django.request": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"handlers": ["request"],
'propagate': False,
}, "django.sever": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"handlers": ["server"],
'propagate': False,
}, "django.db.backends":{
"level": "DEBUG",
"handlers": ["db_backends"],
'propagate': False,
}
},
#定义自己的日志,我们需要下级的 'propagate'的值设置为False。
"root": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"handlers": ["root"],
},
}

DevOps中的settings.py文件内容

#!/usr/bin/env python
#_*_conding:utf-8_*_
#@author :yinzhengjie
#blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/ from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views urlpatterns = [
url(r"^login/",views.LoginView.as_view()),
url(r"^index/", views.MyPageView.as_view()),
]

dashboard中的urls.py文件内容

  dashboard的APP对应的views.py视图函数编写的代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/env python
#_*_conding:utf-8_*_
#@author :yinzhengjie
#blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/ from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import logging # 定义logger的名字,默认情况下我们都会写成“__name__”,表示当前模块或者当前文件的相对路径。
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) class LoginView(View): def get(self,request):
return render(request,"login.html") def post(self,request):
print("调用了POST方法!")
return HttpResponse("post...") class MyPageView(View):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#我们在代码中写入日志
logger.debug("这是第一条日志!")
#定义每个页码显示信息的条数
Number_of_per_page = 10
try:
#获取到用户传递过来的查询页码
page = int(request.GET.get("page",1))
except:
#如果用户没有传递要查询的页码,我们这里给其设置一个默认值1,即显示第一页。
page = 1 #定义查询的起始位置
end = page * 10
start = end - 10
logger.warning("再来一条日志!")
#定义查询的语句,注意这里并没有去数据库直接查询语句,这里只是定义好了要查询的SQL语句
queryset = User.objects.all()[start:end] #触发SQL语句,并将查询的结果转换成JSON格式
data = list(queryset.values("id","username","email")) return JsonResponse(data,safe=False)

  访问浏览器,查看对应的服务器URL配置,如下图所示:

运维开发笔记整理-django日志配置

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