1. 首先在已建好的工程目录下新建app命名为snippets,并将snippets app以及rest_framework app加到工程目录的 INSTALLED_APPS 中去，具体如下：
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
'snippets.apps.SnippetsConfig',
)
1.1构建自己的数据库表结构，代码如下：
from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles()) class Snippet(models.Model):
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
code = models.TextField()
linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100)
style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100) class Meta:
ordering = ('created',)
生成表结构命令如下：
python manage.py makemigrations snippets
python manage.py migrate
1.2创建序列化类
为我们的web API提供一种针对建立models snippets 对象的序列化与反序列化的方式，并展示出来，比如json格式， 我们可以定义序列化类，和Django 中的forms比较相似的功能，接下来在
snippets目录下创建serializers.py， 具体如下：
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES class SnippetSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
title = serializers.CharField(required=False, allow_blank=True, max_length=100)
code = serializers.CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
linenos = serializers.BooleanField(required=False)
language = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python')
style = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly') def create(self, validated_data):
"""
Create and return a new `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
"""
return Snippet.objects.create(**validated_data) def update(self, instance, validated_data):
"""
Update and return an existing `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
"""
instance.title = validated_data.get('title', instance.title)
instance.code = validated_data.get('code', instance.code)
instance.linenos = validated_data.get('linenos', instance.linenos)
instance.language = validated_data.get('language', instance.language)
instance.style = validated_data.get('style', instance.style)
instance.save()
return instance
A serializer class is very similar to a Django Form class, and includes similar validation flags on the various fields, such as required, max_length and default.
The field flags can also control how the serializer should be displayed in certain circumstances, such as when rendering to HTML. The {'base_template': 'textarea.html'} flag above is equivalent to using widget=widgets.Textarea on a Django Formclass. This is particularly useful for controlling how the browsable API should be displayed, as we'll see later in the tutorial.
We can actually also save ourselves some time by using the ModelSerializer class, as we'll see later, but for now we'll keep our serializer definition explicit.
接下来进入django的shell 环境，创建models实例，步骤如下：
localhost:cmdb JasonWang$ python3 manage.py shell
Python 3.5.0 (v3.5.0:374f501f4567, Sep 12 2015, 11:00:19)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from snippets.models import Snippet
>>> from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
>>> from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
>>> from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
>>> snippet = Snippet(code='foo = "Jason"\n')
>>> snippet.save()
>>> snippet = Snippet(code='print "Hello,Jason"\n')
>>> snippet.save()
>>> print(snippet)
Snippet object
>>> print(snippet.__dict__)
{'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', '_state': <django.db.models.base.ModelState object at 0x1047b5550>, 'language': 'python', 'created': datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 11, 7, 12, 58, 973475, tzinfo=<UTC>), 'title': '', 'id': 2, 'linenos': False}
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
>>> print(serializer)
SnippetSerializer(<Snippet: Snippet object>):
id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
language = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'ABAP'), ('abnf', 'ABNF'), ('ada', 'Ada'), ('adl', 'ADL'), ('agda', 'Agda'), ('ahk', 'autohotkey'), ('alloy', 'Alloy'), ('antlr', 'ANTLR'), ('antlr-as', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target'), ('antlr-cpp', 'ANTLR With CPP Target'), ('antlr-csharp', 'ANTLR With C# Target'), ('antlr-java', 'ANTLR With Java Target'), ('antlr-objc', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target'), ('antlr-perl', 'ANTLR With Perl Target'), ('antlr-python', 'ANTLR With Python Target'), ('antlr-ruby', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target'), ('apacheconf', 'ApacheConf'), ('apl', 'APL'), ('applescript', 'AppleScript'), ('arduino', 'Arduino'), ('as', 'ActionScript'), ('as3', 'ActionScript 3'), ('aspectj', 'AspectJ'), ('aspx-cs', 'aspx-cs'), ('aspx-vb', 'aspx-vb'), ('asy', 'Asymptote'), ('at', 'AmbientTalk'), ('autoit', 'AutoIt'), ('awk', 'Awk'), ('basemake', 'Base Makefile'), ('bash', 'Bash'), ('bat', 'Batchfile'), ('bbcode', 'BBCode'), ('bc', 'BC'), ('befunge', 'Befunge'), ('blitzbasic', 'BlitzBasic'), ('blitzmax', 'BlitzMax'), ('bnf', 'BNF'), ('boo', 'Boo'), ('boogie', 'Boogie'), ('brainfuck', 'Brainfuck'), ('bro', 'Bro'), ('bugs', 'BUGS'), ('c', 'C'), ('c-objdump', 'c-objdump'), ('ca65', 'ca65 assembler'), ('cadl', 'cADL'), ('camkes', 'CAmkES'), ('cbmbas', 'CBM BASIC V2'), ('ceylon', 'Ceylon'), ('cfc', 'Coldfusion CFC'), ('cfengine3', 'CFEngine3'), ('cfm', 'Coldfusion HTML'), ('cfs', 'cfstatement'), ('chai', 'ChaiScript'), ('chapel', 'Chapel'), ('cheetah', 'Cheetah'), ('cirru', 'Cirru'), ('clay', 'Clay'), ('clojure', 'Clojure'), ('clojurescript', 'ClojureScript'), ('cmake', 'CMake'), ('cobol', 'COBOL'), ('cobolfree', 'COBOLFree'), ('coffee-script', 'CoffeeScript'), ('common-lisp', 'Common Lisp'), ('componentpascal', 'Component Pascal'), ('console', 'Bash Session'), ('control', 'Debian Control file'), ('coq', 'Coq'), ('cpp', 'C++'), ('cpp-objdump', 'cpp-objdump'), ('cpsa', 'CPSA'), ('crmsh', 'Crmsh'), ('croc', 'Croc'), ('cryptol', 'Cryptol'), ('csharp', 'C#'), ('csound', 'Csound Orchestra'), ('csound-document', 'Csound Document'), ('csound-score', 'Csound Score'), ('css', 'CSS'), ('css+django', 'CSS+Django/Jinja'), ('css+erb', 'CSS+Ruby'), ('css+genshitext', 'CSS+Genshi Text'), ('css+lasso', 'CSS+Lasso'), ('css+mako', 'CSS+Mako'), ('css+mozpreproc', 'CSS+mozpreproc'), ('css+myghty', 'CSS+Myghty'), ('css+php', 'CSS+PHP'), ('css+smarty', 'CSS+Smarty'), ('cucumber', 'Gherkin'), ('cuda', 'CUDA'), ('cypher', 'Cypher'), ('cython', 'Cython'), ('d', 'D'), ('d-objdump', 'd-objdump'), ('dart', 'Dart'), ('delphi', 'Delphi'), ('dg', 'dg'), ('diff', 'Diff'), ('django', 'Django/Jinja'), ('docker', 'Docker'), ('doscon', 'MSDOS Session'), ('dpatch', 'Darcs Patch'), ('dtd', 'DTD'), ('duel', 'Duel'), ('dylan', 'Dylan'), ('dylan-console', 'Dylan session'), ('dylan-lid', 'DylanLID'), ('earl-grey', 'Earl Grey'), ('easytrieve', 'Easytrieve'), ('ebnf', 'EBNF'), ('ec', 'eC'), ('ecl', 'ECL'), ('eiffel', 'Eiffel'), ('elixir', 'Elixir'), ('elm', 'Elm'), ('emacs', 'EmacsLisp'), ('erb', 'ERB'), ('erl', 'Erlang erl session'), ('erlang', 'Erlang'), ('evoque', 'Evoque'), ('ezhil', 'Ezhil'), ('factor', 'Factor'), ('fan', 'Fantom'), ('fancy', 'Fancy'), ('felix', 'Felix'), ('fish', 'Fish'), ('fortran', 'Fortran'), ('fortranfixed', 'FortranFixed'), ('foxpro', 'FoxPro'), ('fsharp', 'FSharp'), ('gap', 'GAP'), ('gas', 'GAS'), ('genshi', 'Genshi'), ('genshitext', 'Genshi Text'), ('glsl', 'GLSL'), ('gnuplot', 'Gnuplot'), ('go', 'Go'), ('golo', 'Golo'), ('gooddata-cl', 'GoodData-CL'), ('gosu', 'Gosu'), ('groff', 'Groff'), ('groovy', 'Groovy'), ('gst', 'Gosu Template'), ('haml', 'Haml'), ('handlebars', 'Handlebars'), ('haskell', 'Haskell'), ('haxeml', 'Hxml'), ('hexdump', 'Hexdump'), ('html', 'HTML'), ('html+cheetah', 'HTML+Cheetah'), ('html+django', 'HTML+Django/Jinja'), ('html+evoque', 'HTML+Evoque'), ('html+genshi', 'HTML+Genshi'), ('html+handlebars', 'HTML+Handlebars'), ('html+lasso', 'HTML+Lasso'), ('html+mako', 'HTML+Mako'), ('html+myghty', 'HTML+Myghty'), ('html+php', 'HTML+PHP'), ('html+smarty', 'HTML+Smarty'), ('html+twig', 'HTML+Twig'), ('html+velocity', 'HTML+Velocity'), ('http', 'HTTP'), ('hx', 'Haxe'), ('hybris', 'Hybris'), ('hylang', 'Hy'), ('i6t', 'Inform 6 template'), ('idl', 'IDL'), ('idris', 'Idris'), ('iex', 'Elixir iex session'), ('igor', 'Igor'), ('inform6', 'Inform 6'), ('inform7', 'Inform 7'), ('ini', 'INI'), ('io', 'Io'), ('ioke', 'Ioke'), ('irc', 'IRC logs'), ('isabelle', 'Isabelle'), ('j', 'J'), ('jade', 'Jade'), ('jags', 'JAGS'), ('jasmin', 'Jasmin'), ('java', 'Java'), ('javascript+mozpreproc', 'Javascript+mozpreproc'), ('jcl', 'JCL'), ('jlcon', 'Julia console'), ('js', 'JavaScript'), ('js+cheetah', 'JavaScript+Cheetah'), ('js+django', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja'), ('js+erb', 'JavaScript+Ruby'), ('js+genshitext', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text'), ('js+lasso', 'JavaScript+Lasso'), ('js+mako', 'JavaScript+Mako'), ('js+myghty', 'JavaScript+Myghty'), ('js+php', 'JavaScript+PHP'), ('js+smarty', 'JavaScript+Smarty'), ('json', 'JSON'), ('jsonld', 'JSON-LD'), ('jsp', 'Java Server Page'), ('julia', 'Julia'), ('kal', 'Kal'), ('kconfig', 'Kconfig'), ('koka', 'Koka'), ('kotlin', 'Kotlin'), ('lagda', 'Literate Agda'), ('lasso', 'Lasso'), ('lcry', 'Literate Cryptol'), ('lean', 'Lean'), ('less', 'LessCss'), ('lhs', 'Literate Haskell'), ('lidr', 'Literate Idris'), ('lighty', 'Lighttpd configuration file'), ('limbo', 'Limbo'), ('liquid', 'liquid'), ('live-script', 'LiveScript'), ('llvm', 'LLVM'), ('logos', 'Logos'), ('logtalk', 'Logtalk'), ('lsl', 'LSL'), ('lua', 'Lua'), ('make', 'Makefile'), ('mako', 'Mako'), ('maql', 'MAQL'), ('mask', 'Mask'), ('mason', 'Mason'), ('mathematica', 'Mathematica'), ('matlab', 'Matlab'), ('matlabsession', 'Matlab session'), ('minid', 'MiniD'), ('modelica', 'Modelica'), ('modula2', 'Modula-2'), ('monkey', 'Monkey'), ('moocode', 'MOOCode'), ('moon', 'MoonScript'), ('mozhashpreproc', 'mozhashpreproc'), ('mozpercentpreproc', 'mozpercentpreproc'), ('mql', 'MQL'), ('mscgen', 'Mscgen'), ('mupad', 'MuPAD'), ('mxml', 'MXML'), ('myghty', 'Myghty'), ('mysql', 'MySQL'), ('nasm', 'NASM'), ('nemerle', 'Nemerle'), ('nesc', 'nesC'), ('newlisp', 'NewLisp'), ('newspeak', 'Newspeak'), ('nginx', 'Nginx configuration file'), ('nimrod', 'Nimrod'), ('nit', 'Nit'), ('nixos', 'Nix'), ('nsis', 'NSIS'), ('numpy', 'NumPy'), ('objdump', 'objdump'), ('objdump-nasm', 'objdump-nasm'), ('objective-c', 'Objective-C'), ('objective-c++', 'Objective-C++'), ('objective-j', 'Objective-J'), ('ocaml', 'OCaml'), ('octave', 'Octave'), ('odin', 'ODIN'), ('ooc', 'Ooc'), ('opa', 'Opa'), ('openedge', 'OpenEdge ABL'), ('pacmanconf', 'PacmanConf'), ('pan', 'Pan'), ('parasail', 'ParaSail'), ('pawn', 'Pawn'), ('perl', 'Perl'), ('perl6', 'Perl6'), ('php', 'PHP'), ('pig', 'Pig'), ('pike', 'Pike'), ('pkgconfig', 'PkgConfig'), ('plpgsql', 'PL/pgSQL'), ('postgresql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect'), ('postscript', 'PostScript'), ('pot', 'Gettext Catalog'), ('pov', 'POVRay'), ('powershell', 'PowerShell'), ('praat', 'Praat'), ('prolog', 'Prolog'), ('properties', 'Properties'), ('protobuf', 'Protocol Buffer'), ('ps1con', 'PowerShell Session'), ('psql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)'), ('puppet', 'Puppet'), ('py3tb', 'Python 3.0 Traceback'), ('pycon', 'Python console session'), ('pypylog', 'PyPy Log'), ('pytb', 'Python Traceback'), ('python', 'Python'), ('python3', 'Python 3'), ('qbasic', 'QBasic'), ('qml', 'QML'), ('qvto', 'QVTO'), ('racket', 'Racket'), ('ragel', 'Ragel'), ('ragel-c', 'Ragel in C Host'), ('ragel-cpp', 'Ragel in CPP Host'), ('ragel-d', 'Ragel in D Host'), ('ragel-em', 'Embedded Ragel'), ('ragel-java', 'Ragel in Java Host'), ('ragel-objc', 'Ragel in Objective C Host'), ('ragel-ruby', 'Ragel in Ruby Host'), ('raw', 'Raw token data'), ('rb', 'Ruby'), ('rbcon', 'Ruby irb session'), ('rconsole', 'RConsole'), ('rd', 'Rd'), ('rebol', 'REBOL'), ('red', 'Red'), ('redcode', 'Redcode'), ('registry', 'reg'), ('resource', 'ResourceBundle'), ('rexx', 'Rexx'), ('rhtml', 'RHTML'), ('roboconf-graph', 'Roboconf Graph'), ('roboconf-instances', 'Roboconf Instances'), ('robotframework', 'RobotFramework'), ('rql', 'RQL'), ('rsl', 'RSL'), ('rst', 'reStructuredText'), ('rts', 'TrafficScript'), ('rust', 'Rust'), ('sass', 'Sass'), ('sc', 'SuperCollider'), ('scala', 'Scala'), ('scaml', 'Scaml'), ('scheme', 'Scheme'), ('scilab', 'Scilab'), ('scss', 'SCSS'), ('shen', 'Shen'), ('slim', 'Slim'), ('smali', 'Smali'), ('smalltalk', 'Smalltalk'), ('smarty', 'Smarty'), ('sml', 'Standard ML'), ('snobol', 'Snobol'), ('sourceslist', 'Debian Sourcelist'), ('sp', 'SourcePawn'), ('sparql', 'SPARQL'), ('spec', 'RPMSpec'), ('splus', 'S'), ('sql', 'SQL'), ('sqlite3', 'sqlite3con'), ('squidconf', 'SquidConf'), ('ssp', 'Scalate Server Page'), ('stan', 'Stan'), ('swift', 'Swift'), ('swig', 'SWIG'), ('systemverilog', 'systemverilog'), ('tads3', 'TADS 3'), ('tap', 'TAP'), ('tcl', 'Tcl'), ('tcsh', 'Tcsh'), ('tcshcon', 'Tcsh Session'), ('tea', 'Tea'), ('termcap', 'Termcap'), ('terminfo', 'Terminfo'), ('terraform', 'Terraform'), ('tex', 'TeX'), ('text', 'Text only'), ('thrift', 'Thrift'), ('todotxt', 'Todotxt'), ('trac-wiki', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup'), ('treetop', 'Treetop'), ('ts', 'TypeScript'), ('turtle', 'Turtle'), ('twig', 'Twig'), ('urbiscript', 'UrbiScript'), ('vala', 'Vala'), ('vb.net', 'VB.net'), ('vctreestatus', 'VCTreeStatus'), ('velocity', 'Velocity'), ('verilog', 'verilog'), ('vgl', 'VGL'), ('vhdl', 'vhdl'), ('vim', 'VimL'), ('x10', 'X10'), ('xml', 'XML'), ('xml+cheetah', 'XML+Cheetah'), ('xml+django', 'XML+Django/Jinja'), ('xml+erb', 'XML+Ruby'), ('xml+evoque', 'XML+Evoque'), ('xml+lasso', 'XML+Lasso'), ('xml+mako', 'XML+Mako'), ('xml+myghty', 'XML+Myghty'), ('xml+php', 'XML+PHP'), ('xml+smarty', 'XML+Smarty'), ('xml+velocity', 'XML+Velocity'), ('xquery', 'XQuery'), ('xslt', 'XSLT'), ('xtend', 'Xtend'), ('xul+mozpreproc', 'XUL+mozpreproc'), ('yaml', 'YAML'), ('yaml+jinja', 'YAML+Jinja'), ('zephir', 'Zephir')], default='python')
style = ChoiceField(choices=[('algol', 'algol'), ('algol_nu', 'algol_nu'), ('autumn', 'autumn'), ('borland', 'borland'), ('bw', 'bw'), ('colorful', 'colorful'), ('default', 'default'), ('emacs', 'emacs'), ('friendly', 'friendly'), ('fruity', 'fruity'), ('igor', 'igor'), ('lovelace', 'lovelace'), ('manni', 'manni'), ('monokai', 'monokai'), ('murphy', 'murphy'), ('native', 'native'), ('paraiso-dark', 'paraiso-dark'), ('paraiso-light', 'paraiso-light'), ('pastie', 'pastie'), ('perldoc', 'perldoc'), ('rrt', 'rrt'), ('tango', 'tango'), ('trac', 'trac'), ('vim', 'vim'), ('vs', 'vs'), ('xcode', 'xcode')], default='friendly')
>>> print(serializer.data)
{'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', 'language': 'python', 'linenos': False, 'id': 2, 'title': ''}
>>> content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
>>> content
b'{"id":2,"title":"","code":"print \\"Hello,Jason\\"\\n","linenos":false,"language":"python","style":"friendly"}'
Serialization
>>> from django.utils.six import BytesIO
>>> stream = BytesIO(content)
>>> data = JSONParser().parse(stream)
>>> print(data)
{'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', 'language': 'python', 'linenos': False, 'id': 2, 'title': ''}
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
>>> serializer.is_valid()
True
>>> serializer.validated_data
OrderedDict([('title', ''), ('code', 'print "Hello,Jason"'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')])
>>> print(serializer)
SnippetSerializer(data={'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', 'language': 'python', 'linenos': False, 'id': 2, 'title': ''}):
id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
language = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'ABAP'), ('abnf', 'ABNF'), ('ada', 'Ada'), ('adl', 'ADL'), ('agda', 'Agda'), ('ahk', 'autohotkey'), ('alloy', 'Alloy'), ('antlr', 'ANTLR'), ('antlr-as', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target'), ('antlr-cpp', 'ANTLR With CPP Target'), ('antlr-csharp', 'ANTLR With C# Target'), ('antlr-java', 'ANTLR With Java Target'), ('antlr-objc', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target'), ('antlr-perl', 'ANTLR With Perl Target'), ('antlr-python', 'ANTLR With Python Target'), ('antlr-ruby', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target'), ('apacheconf', 'ApacheConf'), ('apl', 'APL'), ('applescript', 'AppleScript'), ('arduino', 'Arduino'), ('as', 'ActionScript'), ('as3', 'ActionScript 3'), ('aspectj', 'AspectJ'), ('aspx-cs', 'aspx-cs'), ('aspx-vb', 'aspx-vb'), ('asy', 'Asymptote'), ('at', 'AmbientTalk'), ('autoit', 'AutoIt'), ('awk', 'Awk'), ('basemake', 'Base Makefile'), ('bash', 'Bash'), ('bat', 'Batchfile'), ('bbcode', 'BBCode'), ('bc', 'BC'), ('befunge', 'Befunge'), ('blitzbasic', 'BlitzBasic'), ('blitzmax', 'BlitzMax'), ('bnf', 'BNF'), ('boo', 'Boo'), ('boogie', 'Boogie'), ('brainfuck', 'Brainfuck'), ('bro', 'Bro'), ('bugs', 'BUGS'), ('c', 'C'), ('c-objdump', 'c-objdump'), ('ca65', 'ca65 assembler'), ('cadl', 'cADL'), ('camkes', 'CAmkES'), ('cbmbas', 'CBM BASIC V2'), ('ceylon', 'Ceylon'), ('cfc', 'Coldfusion CFC'), ('cfengine3', 'CFEngine3'), ('cfm', 'Coldfusion HTML'), ('cfs', 'cfstatement'), ('chai', 'ChaiScript'), ('chapel', 'Chapel'), ('cheetah', 'Cheetah'), ('cirru', 'Cirru'), ('clay', 'Clay'), ('clojure', 'Clojure'), ('clojurescript', 'ClojureScript'), ('cmake', 'CMake'), ('cobol', 'COBOL'), ('cobolfree', 'COBOLFree'), ('coffee-script', 'CoffeeScript'), ('common-lisp', 'Common Lisp'), ('componentpascal', 'Component Pascal'), ('console', 'Bash Session'), ('control', 'Debian Control file'), ('coq', 'Coq'), ('cpp', 'C++'), ('cpp-objdump', 'cpp-objdump'), ('cpsa', 'CPSA'), ('crmsh', 'Crmsh'), ('croc', 'Croc'), ('cryptol', 'Cryptol'), ('csharp', 'C#'), ('csound', 'Csound Orchestra'), ('csound-document', 'Csound Document'), ('csound-score', 'Csound Score'), ('css', 'CSS'), ('css+django', 'CSS+Django/Jinja'), ('css+erb', 'CSS+Ruby'), ('css+genshitext', 'CSS+Genshi Text'), ('css+lasso', 'CSS+Lasso'), ('css+mako', 'CSS+Mako'), ('css+mozpreproc', 'CSS+mozpreproc'), ('css+myghty', 'CSS+Myghty'), ('css+php', 'CSS+PHP'), ('css+smarty', 'CSS+Smarty'), ('cucumber', 'Gherkin'), ('cuda', 'CUDA'), ('cypher', 'Cypher'), ('cython', 'Cython'), ('d', 'D'), ('d-objdump', 'd-objdump'), ('dart', 'Dart'), ('delphi', 'Delphi'), ('dg', 'dg'), ('diff', 'Diff'), ('django', 'Django/Jinja'), ('docker', 'Docker'), ('doscon', 'MSDOS Session'), ('dpatch', 'Darcs Patch'), ('dtd', 'DTD'), ('duel', 'Duel'), ('dylan', 'Dylan'), ('dylan-console', 'Dylan session'), ('dylan-lid', 'DylanLID'), ('earl-grey', 'Earl Grey'), ('easytrieve', 'Easytrieve'), ('ebnf', 'EBNF'), ('ec', 'eC'), ('ecl', 'ECL'), ('eiffel', 'Eiffel'), ('elixir', 'Elixir'), ('elm', 'Elm'), ('emacs', 'EmacsLisp'), ('erb', 'ERB'), ('erl', 'Erlang erl session'), ('erlang', 'Erlang'), ('evoque', 'Evoque'), ('ezhil', 'Ezhil'), ('factor', 'Factor'), ('fan', 'Fantom'), ('fancy', 'Fancy'), ('felix', 'Felix'), ('fish', 'Fish'), ('fortran', 'Fortran'), ('fortranfixed', 'FortranFixed'), ('foxpro', 'FoxPro'), ('fsharp', 'FSharp'), ('gap', 'GAP'), ('gas', 'GAS'), ('genshi', 'Genshi'), ('genshitext', 'Genshi Text'), ('glsl', 'GLSL'), ('gnuplot', 'Gnuplot'), ('go', 'Go'), ('golo', 'Golo'), ('gooddata-cl', 'GoodData-CL'), ('gosu', 'Gosu'), ('groff', 'Groff'), ('groovy', 'Groovy'), ('gst', 'Gosu Template'), ('haml', 'Haml'), ('handlebars', 'Handlebars'), ('haskell', 'Haskell'), ('haxeml', 'Hxml'), ('hexdump', 'Hexdump'), ('html', 'HTML'), ('html+cheetah', 'HTML+Cheetah'), ('html+django', 'HTML+Django/Jinja'), ('html+evoque', 'HTML+Evoque'), ('html+genshi', 'HTML+Genshi'), ('html+handlebars', 'HTML+Handlebars'), ('html+lasso', 'HTML+Lasso'), ('html+mako', 'HTML+Mako'), ('html+myghty', 'HTML+Myghty'), ('html+php', 'HTML+PHP'), ('html+smarty', 'HTML+Smarty'), ('html+twig', 'HTML+Twig'), ('html+velocity', 'HTML+Velocity'), ('http', 'HTTP'), ('hx', 'Haxe'), ('hybris', 'Hybris'), ('hylang', 'Hy'), ('i6t', 'Inform 6 template'), ('idl', 'IDL'), ('idris', 'Idris'), ('iex', 'Elixir iex session'), ('igor', 'Igor'), ('inform6', 'Inform 6'), ('inform7', 'Inform 7'), ('ini', 'INI'), ('io', 'Io'), ('ioke', 'Ioke'), ('irc', 'IRC logs'), ('isabelle', 'Isabelle'), ('j', 'J'), ('jade', 'Jade'), ('jags', 'JAGS'), ('jasmin', 'Jasmin'), ('java', 'Java'), ('javascript+mozpreproc', 'Javascript+mozpreproc'), ('jcl', 'JCL'), ('jlcon', 'Julia console'), ('js', 'JavaScript'), ('js+cheetah', 'JavaScript+Cheetah'), ('js+django', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja'), ('js+erb', 'JavaScript+Ruby'), ('js+genshitext', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text'), ('js+lasso', 'JavaScript+Lasso'), ('js+mako', 'JavaScript+Mako'), ('js+myghty', 'JavaScript+Myghty'), ('js+php', 'JavaScript+PHP'), ('js+smarty', 'JavaScript+Smarty'), ('json', 'JSON'), ('jsonld', 'JSON-LD'), ('jsp', 'Java Server Page'), ('julia', 'Julia'), ('kal', 'Kal'), ('kconfig', 'Kconfig'), ('koka', 'Koka'), ('kotlin', 'Kotlin'), ('lagda', 'Literate Agda'), ('lasso', 'Lasso'), ('lcry', 'Literate Cryptol'), ('lean', 'Lean'), ('less', 'LessCss'), ('lhs', 'Literate Haskell'), ('lidr', 'Literate Idris'), ('lighty', 'Lighttpd configuration file'), ('limbo', 'Limbo'), ('liquid', 'liquid'), ('live-script', 'LiveScript'), ('llvm', 'LLVM'), ('logos', 'Logos'), ('logtalk', 'Logtalk'), ('lsl', 'LSL'), ('lua', 'Lua'), ('make', 'Makefile'), ('mako', 'Mako'), ('maql', 'MAQL'), ('mask', 'Mask'), ('mason', 'Mason'), ('mathematica', 'Mathematica'), ('matlab', 'Matlab'), ('matlabsession', 'Matlab session'), ('minid', 'MiniD'), ('modelica', 'Modelica'), ('modula2', 'Modula-2'), ('monkey', 'Monkey'), ('moocode', 'MOOCode'), ('moon', 'MoonScript'), ('mozhashpreproc', 'mozhashpreproc'), ('mozpercentpreproc', 'mozpercentpreproc'), ('mql', 'MQL'), ('mscgen', 'Mscgen'), ('mupad', 'MuPAD'), ('mxml', 'MXML'), ('myghty', 'Myghty'), ('mysql', 'MySQL'), ('nasm', 'NASM'), ('nemerle', 'Nemerle'), ('nesc', 'nesC'), ('newlisp', 'NewLisp'), ('newspeak', 'Newspeak'), ('nginx', 'Nginx configuration file'), ('nimrod', 'Nimrod'), ('nit', 'Nit'), ('nixos', 'Nix'), ('nsis', 'NSIS'), ('numpy', 'NumPy'), ('objdump', 'objdump'), ('objdump-nasm', 'objdump-nasm'), ('objective-c', 'Objective-C'), ('objective-c++', 'Objective-C++'), ('objective-j', 'Objective-J'), ('ocaml', 'OCaml'), ('octave', 'Octave'), ('odin', 'ODIN'), ('ooc', 'Ooc'), ('opa', 'Opa'), ('openedge', 'OpenEdge ABL'), ('pacmanconf', 'PacmanConf'), ('pan', 'Pan'), ('parasail', 'ParaSail'), ('pawn', 'Pawn'), ('perl', 'Perl'), ('perl6', 'Perl6'), ('php', 'PHP'), ('pig', 'Pig'), ('pike', 'Pike'), ('pkgconfig', 'PkgConfig'), ('plpgsql', 'PL/pgSQL'), ('postgresql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect'), ('postscript', 'PostScript'), ('pot', 'Gettext Catalog'), ('pov', 'POVRay'), ('powershell', 'PowerShell'), ('praat', 'Praat'), ('prolog', 'Prolog'), ('properties', 'Properties'), ('protobuf', 'Protocol Buffer'), ('ps1con', 'PowerShell Session'), ('psql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)'), ('puppet', 'Puppet'), ('py3tb', 'Python 3.0 Traceback'), ('pycon', 'Python console session'), ('pypylog', 'PyPy Log'), ('pytb', 'Python Traceback'), ('python', 'Python'), ('python3', 'Python 3'), ('qbasic', 'QBasic'), ('qml', 'QML'), ('qvto', 'QVTO'), ('racket', 'Racket'), ('ragel', 'Ragel'), ('ragel-c', 'Ragel in C Host'), ('ragel-cpp', 'Ragel in CPP Host'), ('ragel-d', 'Ragel in D Host'), ('ragel-em', 'Embedded Ragel'), ('ragel-java', 'Ragel in Java Host'), ('ragel-objc', 'Ragel in Objective C Host'), ('ragel-ruby', 'Ragel in Ruby Host'), ('raw', 'Raw token data'), ('rb', 'Ruby'), ('rbcon', 'Ruby irb session'), ('rconsole', 'RConsole'), ('rd', 'Rd'), ('rebol', 'REBOL'), ('red', 'Red'), ('redcode', 'Redcode'), ('registry', 'reg'), ('resource', 'ResourceBundle'), ('rexx', 'Rexx'), ('rhtml', 'RHTML'), ('roboconf-graph', 'Roboconf Graph'), ('roboconf-instances', 'Roboconf Instances'), ('robotframework', 'RobotFramework'), ('rql', 'RQL'), ('rsl', 'RSL'), ('rst', 'reStructuredText'), ('rts', 'TrafficScript'), ('rust', 'Rust'), ('sass', 'Sass'), ('sc', 'SuperCollider'), ('scala', 'Scala'), ('scaml', 'Scaml'), ('scheme', 'Scheme'), ('scilab', 'Scilab'), ('scss', 'SCSS'), ('shen', 'Shen'), ('slim', 'Slim'), ('smali', 'Smali'), ('smalltalk', 'Smalltalk'), ('smarty', 'Smarty'), ('sml', 'Standard ML'), ('snobol', 'Snobol'), ('sourceslist', 'Debian Sourcelist'), ('sp', 'SourcePawn'), ('sparql', 'SPARQL'), ('spec', 'RPMSpec'), ('splus', 'S'), ('sql', 'SQL'), ('sqlite3', 'sqlite3con'), ('squidconf', 'SquidConf'), ('ssp', 'Scalate Server Page'), ('stan', 'Stan'), ('swift', 'Swift'), ('swig', 'SWIG'), ('systemverilog', 'systemverilog'), ('tads3', 'TADS 3'), ('tap', 'TAP'), ('tcl', 'Tcl'), ('tcsh', 'Tcsh'), ('tcshcon', 'Tcsh Session'), ('tea', 'Tea'), ('termcap', 'Termcap'), ('terminfo', 'Terminfo'), ('terraform', 'Terraform'), ('tex', 'TeX'), ('text', 'Text only'), ('thrift', 'Thrift'), ('todotxt', 'Todotxt'), ('trac-wiki', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup'), ('treetop', 'Treetop'), ('ts', 'TypeScript'), ('turtle', 'Turtle'), ('twig', 'Twig'), ('urbiscript', 'UrbiScript'), ('vala', 'Vala'), ('vb.net', 'VB.net'), ('vctreestatus', 'VCTreeStatus'), ('velocity', 'Velocity'), ('verilog', 'verilog'), ('vgl', 'VGL'), ('vhdl', 'vhdl'), ('vim', 'VimL'), ('x10', 'X10'), ('xml', 'XML'), ('xml+cheetah', 'XML+Cheetah'), ('xml+django', 'XML+Django/Jinja'), ('xml+erb', 'XML+Ruby'), ('xml+evoque', 'XML+Evoque'), ('xml+lasso', 'XML+Lasso'), ('xml+mako', 'XML+Mako'), ('xml+myghty', 'XML+Myghty'), ('xml+php', 'XML+PHP'), ('xml+smarty', 'XML+Smarty'), ('xml+velocity', 'XML+Velocity'), ('xquery', 'XQuery'), ('xslt', 'XSLT'), ('xtend', 'Xtend'), ('xul+mozpreproc', 'XUL+mozpreproc'), ('yaml', 'YAML'), ('yaml+jinja', 'YAML+Jinja'), ('zephir', 'Zephir')], default='python')
style = ChoiceField(choices=[('algol', 'algol'), ('algol_nu', 'algol_nu'), ('autumn', 'autumn'), ('borland', 'borland'), ('bw', 'bw'), ('colorful', 'colorful'), ('default', 'default'), ('emacs', 'emacs'), ('friendly', 'friendly'), ('fruity', 'fruity'), ('igor', 'igor'), ('lovelace', 'lovelace'), ('manni', 'manni'), ('monokai', 'monokai'), ('murphy', 'murphy'), ('native', 'native'), ('paraiso-dark', 'paraiso-dark'), ('paraiso-light', 'paraiso-light'), ('pastie', 'pastie'), ('perldoc', 'perldoc'), ('rrt', 'rrt'), ('tango', 'tango'), ('trac', 'trac'), ('vim', 'vim'), ('vs', 'vs'), ('xcode', 'xcode')], default='friendly')
>>> serializer.save()
<Snippet: Snippet object>
Deserialization
除了序列化实例外，我们也可序列化querysets ，我们只需要加一个参数many=True给serializer
实现方法如下：
>>> new_serializer.data
[OrderedDict([('id', 1), ('title', ''), ('code', 'foo = "Jason"\n'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')]), OrderedDict([('id', 2), ('title', ''), ('code', 'print "Hello,Jason"\n'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')]), OrderedDict([('id', 3), ('title', ''), ('code', 'print "Hello,Jason"'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')])]
使用 ModelSerializers，
SnippetSerializer 这个类收集的信息在Snippet Model 模型中已经存在，为了更准确的结合model中的相关信息， REST framework 给我们提供了Serializerclasses, and ModelSerializer classes 两种类，后者创建起来更方便精确些，具体代码如下：
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Snippet
fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style')
serializers 有一个非常好的特性就是你可以看到每个实例所有具体的字段，查看方法如下：
>>> from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer()
>>> print(repr(serializer))
SnippetSerializer():
id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
language = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'ABAP'), ('abnf', 'ABNF'), ('ada', 'Ada'), ('adl', 'ADL'), ('agda', 'Agda'), ('ahk', 'autohotkey'), ('alloy', 'Alloy'), ('antlr', 'ANTLR'), ('antlr-as', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target'), ('antlr-cpp', 'ANTLR With CPP Target'), ('antlr-csharp', 'ANTLR With C# Target'), ('antlr-java', 'ANTLR With Java Target'), ('antlr-objc', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target'), ('antlr-perl', 'ANTLR With Perl Target'), ('antlr-python', 'ANTLR With Python Target'), ('antlr-ruby', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target'), ('apacheconf', 'ApacheConf'), ('apl', 'APL'), ('applescript', 'AppleScript'), ('arduino', 'Arduino'), ('as', 'ActionScript'), ('as3', 'ActionScript 3'), ('aspectj', 'AspectJ'), ('aspx-cs', 'aspx-cs'), ('aspx-vb', 'aspx-vb'), ('asy', 'Asymptote'), ('at', 'AmbientTalk'), ('autoit', 'AutoIt'), ('awk', 'Awk'), ('basemake', 'Base Makefile'), ('bash', 'Bash'), ('bat', 'Batchfile'), ('bbcode', 'BBCode'), ('bc', 'BC'), ('befunge', 'Befunge'), ('blitzbasic', 'BlitzBasic'), ('blitzmax', 'BlitzMax'), ('bnf', 'BNF'), ('boo', 'Boo'), ('boogie', 'Boogie'), ('brainfuck', 'Brainfuck'), ('bro', 'Bro'), ('bugs', 'BUGS'), ('c', 'C'), ('c-objdump', 'c-objdump'), ('ca65', 'ca65 assembler'), ('cadl', 'cADL'), ('camkes', 'CAmkES'), ('cbmbas', 'CBM BASIC V2'), ('ceylon', 'Ceylon'), ('cfc', 'Coldfusion CFC'), ('cfengine3', 'CFEngine3'), ('cfm', 'Coldfusion HTML'), ('cfs', 'cfstatement'), ('chai', 'ChaiScript'), ('chapel', 'Chapel'), ('cheetah', 'Cheetah'), ('cirru', 'Cirru'), ('clay', 'Clay'), ('clojure', 'Clojure'), ('clojurescript', 'ClojureScript'), ('cmake', 'CMake'), ('cobol', 'COBOL'), ('cobolfree', 'COBOLFree'), ('coffee-script', 'CoffeeScript'), ('common-lisp', 'Common Lisp'), ('componentpascal', 'Component Pascal'), ('console', 'Bash Session'), ('control', 'Debian Control file'), ('coq', 'Coq'), ('cpp', 'C++'), ('cpp-objdump', 'cpp-objdump'), ('cpsa', 'CPSA'), ('crmsh', 'Crmsh'), ('croc', 'Croc'), ('cryptol', 'Cryptol'), ('csharp', 'C#'), ('csound', 'Csound Orchestra'), ('csound-document', 'Csound Document'), ('csound-score', 'Csound Score'), ('css', 'CSS'), ('css+django', 'CSS+Django/Jinja'), ('css+erb', 'CSS+Ruby'), ('css+genshitext', 'CSS+Genshi Text'), ('css+lasso', 'CSS+Lasso'), ('css+mako', 'CSS+Mako'), ('css+mozpreproc', 'CSS+mozpreproc'), ('css+myghty', 'CSS+Myghty'), ('css+php', 'CSS+PHP'), ('css+smarty', 'CSS+Smarty'), ('cucumber', 'Gherkin'), ('cuda', 'CUDA'), ('cypher', 'Cypher'), ('cython', 'Cython'), ('d', 'D'), ('d-objdump', 'd-objdump'), ('dart', 'Dart'), ('delphi', 'Delphi'), ('dg', 'dg'), ('diff', 'Diff'), ('django', 'Django/Jinja'), ('docker', 'Docker'), ('doscon', 'MSDOS Session'), ('dpatch', 'Darcs Patch'), ('dtd', 'DTD'), ('duel', 'Duel'), ('dylan', 'Dylan'), ('dylan-console', 'Dylan session'), ('dylan-lid', 'DylanLID'), ('earl-grey', 'Earl Grey'), ('easytrieve', 'Easytrieve'), ('ebnf', 'EBNF'), ('ec', 'eC'), ('ecl', 'ECL'), ('eiffel', 'Eiffel'), ('elixir', 'Elixir'), ('elm', 'Elm'), ('emacs', 'EmacsLisp'), ('erb', 'ERB'), ('erl', 'Erlang erl session'), ('erlang', 'Erlang'), ('evoque', 'Evoque'), ('ezhil', 'Ezhil'), ('factor', 'Factor'), ('fan', 'Fantom'), ('fancy', 'Fancy'), ('felix', 'Felix'), ('fish', 'Fish'), ('fortran', 'Fortran'), ('fortranfixed', 'FortranFixed'), ('foxpro', 'FoxPro'), ('fsharp', 'FSharp'), ('gap', 'GAP'), ('gas', 'GAS'), ('genshi', 'Genshi'), ('genshitext', 'Genshi Text'), ('glsl', 'GLSL'), ('gnuplot', 'Gnuplot'), ('go', 'Go'), ('golo', 'Golo'), ('gooddata-cl', 'GoodData-CL'), ('gosu', 'Gosu'), ('groff', 'Groff'), ('groovy', 'Groovy'), ('gst', 'Gosu Template'), ('haml', 'Haml'), ('handlebars', 'Handlebars'), ('haskell', 'Haskell'), ('haxeml', 'Hxml'), ('hexdump', 'Hexdump'), ('html', 'HTML'), ('html+cheetah', 'HTML+Cheetah'), ('html+django', 'HTML+Django/Jinja'), ('html+evoque', 'HTML+Evoque'), ('html+genshi', 'HTML+Genshi'), ('html+handlebars', 'HTML+Handlebars'), ('html+lasso', 'HTML+Lasso'), ('html+mako', 'HTML+Mako'), ('html+myghty', 'HTML+Myghty'), ('html+php', 'HTML+PHP'), ('html+smarty', 'HTML+Smarty'), ('html+twig', 'HTML+Twig'), ('html+velocity', 'HTML+Velocity'), ('http', 'HTTP'), ('hx', 'Haxe'), ('hybris', 'Hybris'), ('hylang', 'Hy'), ('i6t', 'Inform 6 template'), ('idl', 'IDL'), ('idris', 'Idris'), ('iex', 'Elixir iex session'), ('igor', 'Igor'), ('inform6', 'Inform 6'), ('inform7', 'Inform 7'), ('ini', 'INI'), ('io', 'Io'), ('ioke', 'Ioke'), ('irc', 'IRC logs'), ('isabelle', 'Isabelle'), ('j', 'J'), ('jade', 'Jade'), ('jags', 'JAGS'), ('jasmin', 'Jasmin'), ('java', 'Java'), ('javascript+mozpreproc', 'Javascript+mozpreproc'), ('jcl', 'JCL'), ('jlcon', 'Julia console'), ('js', 'JavaScript'), ('js+cheetah', 'JavaScript+Cheetah'), ('js+django', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja'), ('js+erb', 'JavaScript+Ruby'), ('js+genshitext', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text'), ('js+lasso', 'JavaScript+Lasso'), ('js+mako', 'JavaScript+Mako'), ('js+myghty', 'JavaScript+Myghty'), ('js+php', 'JavaScript+PHP'), ('js+smarty', 'JavaScript+Smarty'), ('json', 'JSON'), ('jsonld', 'JSON-LD'), ('jsp', 'Java Server Page'), ('julia', 'Julia'), ('kal', 'Kal'), ('kconfig', 'Kconfig'), ('koka', 'Koka'), ('kotlin', 'Kotlin'), ('lagda', 'Literate Agda'), ('lasso', 'Lasso'), ('lcry', 'Literate Cryptol'), ('lean', 'Lean'), ('less', 'LessCss'), ('lhs', 'Literate Haskell'), ('lidr', 'Literate Idris'), ('lighty', 'Lighttpd configuration file'), ('limbo', 'Limbo'), ('liquid', 'liquid'), ('live-script', 'LiveScript'), ('llvm', 'LLVM'), ('logos', 'Logos'), ('logtalk', 'Logtalk'), ('lsl', 'LSL'), ('lua', 'Lua'), ('make', 'Makefile'), ('mako', 'Mako'), ('maql', 'MAQL'), ('mask', 'Mask'), ('mason', 'Mason'), ('mathematica', 'Mathematica'), ('matlab', 'Matlab'), ('matlabsession', 'Matlab session'), ('minid', 'MiniD'), ('modelica', 'Modelica'), ('modula2', 'Modula-2'), ('monkey', 'Monkey'), ('moocode', 'MOOCode'), ('moon', 'MoonScript'), ('mozhashpreproc', 'mozhashpreproc'), ('mozpercentpreproc', 'mozpercentpreproc'), ('mql', 'MQL'), ('mscgen', 'Mscgen'), ('mupad', 'MuPAD'), ('mxml', 'MXML'), ('myghty', 'Myghty'), ('mysql', 'MySQL'), ('nasm', 'NASM'), ('nemerle', 'Nemerle'), ('nesc', 'nesC'), ('newlisp', 'NewLisp'), ('newspeak', 'Newspeak'), ('nginx', 'Nginx configuration file'), ('nimrod', 'Nimrod'), ('nit', 'Nit'), ('nixos', 'Nix'), ('nsis', 'NSIS'), ('numpy', 'NumPy'), ('objdump', 'objdump'), ('objdump-nasm', 'objdump-nasm'), ('objective-c', 'Objective-C'), ('objective-c++', 'Objective-C++'), ('objective-j', 'Objective-J'), ('ocaml', 'OCaml'), ('octave', 'Octave'), ('odin', 'ODIN'), ('ooc', 'Ooc'), ('opa', 'Opa'), ('openedge', 'OpenEdge ABL'), ('pacmanconf', 'PacmanConf'), ('pan', 'Pan'), ('parasail', 'ParaSail'), ('pawn', 'Pawn'), ('perl', 'Perl'), ('perl6', 'Perl6'), ('php', 'PHP'), ('pig', 'Pig'), ('pike', 'Pike'), ('pkgconfig', 'PkgConfig'), ('plpgsql', 'PL/pgSQL'), ('postgresql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect'), ('postscript', 'PostScript'), ('pot', 'Gettext Catalog'), ('pov', 'POVRay'), ('powershell', 'PowerShell'), ('praat', 'Praat'), ('prolog', 'Prolog'), ('properties', 'Properties'), ('protobuf', 'Protocol Buffer'), ('ps1con', 'PowerShell Session'), ('psql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)'), ('puppet', 'Puppet'), ('py3tb', 'Python 3.0 Traceback'), ('pycon', 'Python console session'), ('pypylog', 'PyPy Log'), ('pytb', 'Python Traceback'), ('python', 'Python'), ('python3', 'Python 3'), ('qbasic', 'QBasic'), ('qml', 'QML'), ('qvto', 'QVTO'), ('racket', 'Racket'), ('ragel', 'Ragel'), ('ragel-c', 'Ragel in C Host'), ('ragel-cpp', 'Ragel in CPP Host'), ('ragel-d', 'Ragel in D Host'), ('ragel-em', 'Embedded Ragel'), ('ragel-java', 'Ragel in Java Host'), ('ragel-objc', 'Ragel in Objective C Host'), ('ragel-ruby', 'Ragel in Ruby Host'), ('raw', 'Raw token data'), ('rb', 'Ruby'), ('rbcon', 'Ruby irb session'), ('rconsole', 'RConsole'), ('rd', 'Rd'), ('rebol', 'REBOL'), ('red', 'Red'), ('redcode', 'Redcode'), ('registry', 'reg'), ('resource', 'ResourceBundle'), ('rexx', 'Rexx'), ('rhtml', 'RHTML'), ('roboconf-graph', 'Roboconf Graph'), ('roboconf-instances', 'Roboconf Instances'), ('robotframework', 'RobotFramework'), ('rql', 'RQL'), ('rsl', 'RSL'), ('rst', 'reStructuredText'), ('rts', 'TrafficScript'), ('rust', 'Rust'), ('sass', 'Sass'), ('sc', 'SuperCollider'), ('scala', 'Scala'), ('scaml', 'Scaml'), ('scheme', 'Scheme'), ('scilab', 'Scilab'), ('scss', 'SCSS'), ('shen', 'Shen'), ('slim', 'Slim'), ('smali', 'Smali'), ('smalltalk', 'Smalltalk'), ('smarty', 'Smarty'), ('sml', 'Standard ML'), ('snobol', 'Snobol'), ('sourceslist', 'Debian Sourcelist'), ('sp', 'SourcePawn'), ('sparql', 'SPARQL'), ('spec', 'RPMSpec'), ('splus', 'S'), ('sql', 'SQL'), ('sqlite3', 'sqlite3con'), ('squidconf', 'SquidConf'), ('ssp', 'Scalate Server Page'), ('stan', 'Stan'), ('swift', 'Swift'), ('swig', 'SWIG'), ('systemverilog', 'systemverilog'), ('tads3', 'TADS 3'), ('tap', 'TAP'), ('tcl', 'Tcl'), ('tcsh', 'Tcsh'), ('tcshcon', 'Tcsh Session'), ('tea', 'Tea'), ('termcap', 'Termcap'), ('terminfo', 'Terminfo'), ('terraform', 'Terraform'), ('tex', 'TeX'), ('text', 'Text only'), ('thrift', 'Thrift'), ('todotxt', 'Todotxt'), ('trac-wiki', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup'), ('treetop', 'Treetop'), ('ts', 'TypeScript'), ('turtle', 'Turtle'), ('twig', 'Twig'), ('urbiscript', 'UrbiScript'), ('vala', 'Vala'), ('vb.net', 'VB.net'), ('vctreestatus', 'VCTreeStatus'), ('velocity', 'Velocity'), ('verilog', 'verilog'), ('vgl', 'VGL'), ('vhdl', 'vhdl'), ('vim', 'VimL'), ('x10', 'X10'), ('xml', 'XML'), ('xml+cheetah', 'XML+Cheetah'), ('xml+django', 'XML+Django/Jinja'), ('xml+erb', 'XML+Ruby'), ('xml+evoque', 'XML+Evoque'), ('xml+lasso', 'XML+Lasso'), ('xml+mako', 'XML+Mako'), ('xml+myghty', 'XML+Myghty'), ('xml+php', 'XML+PHP'), ('xml+smarty', 'XML+Smarty'), ('xml+velocity', 'XML+Velocity'), ('xquery', 'XQuery'), ('xslt', 'XSLT'), ('xtend', 'Xtend'), ('xul+mozpreproc', 'XUL+mozpreproc'), ('yaml', 'YAML'), ('yaml+jinja', 'YAML+Jinja'), ('zephir', 'Zephir')], default='python')
style = ChoiceField(choices=[('algol', 'algol'), ('algol_nu', 'algol_nu'), ('autumn', 'autumn'), ('borland', 'borland'), ('bw', 'bw'), ('colorful', 'colorful'), ('default', 'default'), ('emacs', 'emacs'), ('friendly', 'friendly'), ('fruity', 'fruity'), ('igor', 'igor'), ('lovelace', 'lovelace'), ('manni', 'manni'), ('monokai', 'monokai'), ('murphy', 'murphy'), ('native', 'native'), ('paraiso-dark', 'paraiso-dark'), ('paraiso-light', 'paraiso-light'), ('pastie', 'pastie'), ('perldoc', 'perldoc'), ('rrt', 'rrt'), ('tango', 'tango'), ('trac', 'trac'), ('vim', 'vim'), ('vs', 'vs'), ('xcode', 'xcode')], default='friendly')
It's important to remember that ModelSerializer classes don't do anything particularly magical, they are simply a shortcut for creating serializer classes:
ModelSerializer 只是model的一个快捷方式，并未加特别的功能，这点是要重点强调的。
下面来看下views是如何定义的，代码如下：
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
"""
An HttpResponse that renders its content into JSON.
"""
def __init__(self, data, **kwargs):
content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
kwargs['content_type'] = 'application/json'
super(JSONResponse, self).__init__(content, **kwargs) @csrf_exempt
def snippet_list(request):
"""
List all code snippets, or create a new snippet.
"""
if request.method == 'GET':
snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data) elif request.method == 'POST':
data = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JSONResponse(serializer.data, status=201)
return JSONResponse(serializer.errors, status=400) @csrf_exempt
def snippet_detail(request, pk):
"""
Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet.
"""
try:
snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
return HttpResponse(status=404) if request.method == 'GET':
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data) elif request.method == 'PUT':
data = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
return JSONResponse(serializer.errors, status=400) elif request.method == 'DELETE':
snippet.delete()
return HttpResponse(status=204)
views.py
在app snippets中创建urls.py 具体如下：
from django.conf.urls import url
from snippets import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^snippets/$', views.snippet_list),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.snippet_detail),
]
在project 的url中定义总的路由对应关系，具体如下：
from django.conf.urls import url, include urlpatterns = [
url(r'^/rest_api/', include('snippets.urls')),
]
接下来运行一下搭建好的demo，我们可以借助用python写的httpie测试，安装方式如下：
pip install httpie
测试方法如下：
localhost:cmdb JasonWang$ http http://127.0.0.1:8000/rest_api/snippets/
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2016 08:24:52 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.5.0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN [
{
"code": "foo = \"Jason\"\n",
"id": 1,
"language": "python",
"linenos": false,
"style": "friendly",
"title": ""
},
{
"code": "print \"Hello,Jason\"\n",
"id": 2,
"language": "python",
"linenos": false,
"style": "friendly",
"title": ""
},
{
"code": "print \"Hello,Jason\"",
"id": 3,
"language": "python",
"linenos": false,
"style": "friendly",
"title": ""
}
]
通过下面的方式也可以测试具体snippet
localhost:cmdb JasonWang$ http http://127.0.0.1:8000/rest_api/snippets/2/
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2016 08:28:32 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.5.0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN {
"code": "print \"Hello,Jason\"\n",
"id": 2,
"language": "python",
"linenos": false,
"style": "friendly",
"title": ""
}