1 版本
通过？后面传版本号有两种方法：
方法一
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning,URLPathVersioning,HostNameVersioning
from rest_framework.renderers import BrowsableAPIRenderer,JSONRenderer # Create your views here.
class UserView(APIView):
#版本号通过？后面传参数
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print('',request.version)
version=request.query_params.get('version')
if version=="v1":
ret={
"name":"Frank"
}
elif version=="v2":
ret={
"name":"Tom"
}
else:
ret='错误信息'
return Response(ret)
方法二：
versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning#用这个的话，可以使用request.version来获取值
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print('', request.version)
if request.version == "v1":
ret = {
"name": "Frank5555"
}
elif request.version == "v2":
ret = {
"name": "Tom"
}
else:
ret = '错误信息'
return Response(ret)
把url放在里面：
#版本号放在URL里面
# versioning_class = URLPathVersioning
#
# def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# print('11111', request.version)
# from django.urls import reverse
# url=reverse(viewname="u",kwargs={"version":'v1'})#django生成的URl需要拼接
# # url=request.versioning_scheme.reverse(viewname='u',request=request)#反向生成URl，这个URL不需要拼接。
# print(url)
# if request.version == "v1":
# ret = {
# "name": "Frank5555"
# }
# elif request.version == "v2":
# ret = {
# "name": "Tom"
# }
# else:
# ret = '错误信息'
# return Response(ret)
子域名版本：
versioning_class=HostNameVersioning
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# print('11111', request.version)
# print('222',request.versioning_scheme) if request.version == "v1":
ret = {
"name": "Frank5555"
}
elif request.version == "v2":
ret = {
"name": "Tom"
}
else:
ret = '错误信息'
return Response(ret)
上面的设置可以看成时在视图里面设置的。
也可以在全局设置：(只能使用一种)
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'VERSION_PARAM':'version',
'DEFAULT_VERSION':'v1',
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS':['v1','v2'],
#'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.HostNameVersioning"
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning"
}
2 解释器
文字解释：
请求的数据进行解析：请求体进行解析。表示服务端可以解析的数据格式的种类。
Content-Type: application/url-encoding.....
request.body
request.POST
Content-Type: application/json.....
request.body
request.POST#里面没有数据
客户端：
Content-Type: application/json
'{"name":"alex","age":123}'
服务端接收：
读取客户端发送的Content-Type的值 application/json
parser_classes = [JSONParser,]
如果客户端的Content-Type的值和 application/json 匹配：JSONParser处理数据
如果客户端的Content-Type的值和 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 匹配：FormParser处理数据
配置：
单视图：
class UsersView(APIView):
parser_classes = [JSONParser,]
全局配置：
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'VERSION_PARAM':'version',
'DEFAULT_VERSION':'v1',
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS':['v1','v2'],
# 'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.HostNameVersioning"
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES':[
'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
]
}
from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning,URLPathVersioning,HostNameVersioning
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser
class UserView(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print('生活如此美好')
return Response(">>>>>fuck")
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#parser_classes = [JSONParser, ]这是局部的 #application/json
print('json',request._request.body)#里面放的时Json数据是b"xxxxx"
print('json',request._request.POST)#里面没有数据
print('json',request.data)
#www-form-url-encode
print('body',request._request.body)#字节的形式b'k1=v1&k2=v2'
print('post',request._request.POST)# <QueryDict: {'k1': ['v1'], 'k2': ['v2']}>
print('encode',request.data)
print(request.POST)
return Response('.......')
3.序列化
rest framework序列化+From验证
序列化：
对象=》字符串 序列化
字符串=》对象 反序列化
目的：
解决QuerySet序列化问题
用到了路由分发：
"""demo URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# url(r'^app01/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include('app01.urls')),
url(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls')),
url(r'^app02/', include('app02.urls')),
url(r'^app03/', include('app03.urls')),
url(r'^app05/', include('app05.urls')),
]
每个app里面的路由都是大同小异：
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^user/', views.UserView.as_view(),name='u'),
]
a.基本操作：
class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
pwd = serializers.CharField() class UsersView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
self.dispatch
# 方式一：
# user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")
# return Response(user_list) # 方式二之多对象
# user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)
# return Response(ser.data) # 方式二之单对象
user = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()
ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user, many=False)
return Response(ser.data)
b.跨表操作：
class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
pwd = serializers.CharField()
group_id = serializers.CharField()
xxxx = serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
x1 = serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name") class UsersView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
self.dispatch
# 方式一：
# user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")
# return Response(user_list) # 方式二之多对象
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
c.复杂多对多操作(主要是多对多的显示)
方法一：
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.request import Request
from . import models
class MyCharField(serializers.CharField):
def to_representation(self, value):
print(value)
data_list=[]
for row in value:
data_list.append(row.name)
return data_list class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
pwd = serializers.CharField()
# group_id=serializers.CharField()
# xxxx=serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
# x1=serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name")
x2=MyCharField(source="roles.all")#多对多建立方法就是更改显示的方式
class UserView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()
ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False) return Response(ser.data)
方法二：
class MyCharField(serializers.CharField):
def to_representation(self, value):
return {'id':value.pk,'name':value.name}
class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
pwd = serializers.CharField()
# group_id=serializers.CharField()
# xxxx=serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
# x1=serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name")
# x2=MyCharField(source="roles.all")#多对多建立方法就是更改显示的方式
x2=serializers.ListField(child=MyCharField(),source="roles.all")
方法三：(推荐使用这个方法因为可以自己修改和加约束条件)
class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
pwd = serializers.CharField()
# group_id=serializers.CharField()
# xxxx=serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
# x1=serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name")
# x2=MyCharField(source="roles.all")#多对多建立方法就是更改显示的方式
# x2=serializers.ListField(child=MyCharField(),source="roles.all")
x2=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_x2(self,obj):
obj.roles.all()
role_list=obj.roles.filter(id__gt=1)
data_list=[]
for row in role_list:
data_list.append({'pk':row.pk,'name':row.name})
return data_list
以上三种都是使用相同的视图：
d.生成Modell时：
class UsersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=models.UserInfo
fields="__all__" class UserView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().all()
ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data)
e.生成Ulr时：
class UsersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
group=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='detail')
class Meta:
model=models.UserInfo
# fields="__all__"
fields=['name','pwd','group']
depth=1 class UserView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True,context={'request':request}) return Response(ser.data)
url为
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^user/', views.UserView.as_view(),name='u'),
url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),
url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),
url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),
]
f生成全局URL时：
class UsersSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=models.UserInfo
fields="__all__"
# fields=['name','pwd','group']
# depth=1 class UserView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True,context={'request':request}) return Response(ser.data)
它的url：
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^user/', views.UserView.as_view(),name='u'),
# url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),
# url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),
# url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),
url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='userinfo-detail'),
url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='group-detail'),
url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='role-detail'),
]
数据验证有两种方式：
a.
class PasswordValidator(object):
def __init__(self,base):
self.base=base
def __call__(self, value):
if value !=self.base:
message='用户输入的值必须是%s'%self.base
raise serializers.ValidationError(message)
def set_context(self,serializer_field):
pass
class UserSeializer(serializers.Serializer):
name=serializers.CharField(min_length=6)
pwd=serializers.CharField(error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空'},validators=[PasswordValidator('')]) class UserView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser=UserSeializer(instance=user_list,many=True,context={'request':request})
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ser=UserSeializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid(): print(ser.validated_data)
else:
print(ser.errors)
return Response('.....')
b.
class PasswordValidator(object):
def __init__(self,base):
self.base=base
def __call__(self, value):
if value !=self.base:
message='用户输入的值必须是%s'%self.base
raise serializers.ValidationError(message)
def set_context(self,serializer_field):
pass
class UserSeializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=models.UserInfo
fields="__all__"
extra_kwargs={
'name':{'min_length':6},
'pwd':{'validators':[PasswordValidator(666),]} } class UserView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser=UserSeializer(instance=user_list,many=True,context={'request':request})
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ser=UserSeializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid(): print(ser.validated_data)
else:
print(ser.errors)
return Response('.....')