行为心理学

行为心理学由instrumental conditioning(operant conditioning)和respondent behaviors(classical conditioning; Pavlovian)共同构成。两者区别在于stimuli和response是voluntary 还是involuntary。
Classical conditioning 典型的代表是巴普洛夫的狗，中性条件（铃声）配合无条件刺激（食物）成为有条件刺激（狗听到铃声会分泌唾液）.

instrumantal conditioning 是指通过奖励和惩罚来加强或者削弱未来这个动作会出现的概率。

instrumantal conditioning is governed by two forms of action control: go-directed and habit learning procss.

• Go-directed learning contains medial prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial striatum(DMS) and thalamus + feedback to cortex.
• habits includes sensory-motor cortex, dorsolateral striatum, thalamus and feedback to cortex.

They are in a competitive relationship, 一个环路损坏会导致另一回路的产生。可以用fMRI（functional maganetic resonance Imagining）来查看

通常有两种方式在行为上检验它们。

• outcome devaluation
  this aims to evaluate the sensitivity to changes of outcome values(1. By making the outcome less attractive; 2. by pairing the outcome with awful things)

• contigency degradation
  this aims to evaluate the sensitivity to changes in causal relationship between action and consequence (1. by replacing a delayed outcome 2. by disrupting the original causal relationship)

  Existing computational models