重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (60) - 通信: 获取网络信息, 序列化和反序列化
作者：webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps 之 通信
- 获取网络信息
- 序列化 - json
- 序列化 - xml
- 序列化 - rss atom
示例
1、演示如何获取网络的相关信息
Communication/NetworkInfo.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示如何获取网络的相关信息
*/ using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Windows.Networking.Connectivity;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using System.Linq; namespace XamlDemo.Communication
{
public sealed partial class NetworkInfo : Page
{
public NetworkInfo()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
/*
* NetworkInformation - 用于对网络信息的访问
*/ // 获取当前用于 Internet 连接的 ConnectionProfile 对象
ConnectionProfile connectionProfile = NetworkInformation.GetInternetConnectionProfile(); if (connectionProfile == null)
return; // 此连接配置的名称
lblMsg.Text = "ProfileName: " + connectionProfile.ProfileName;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 此连接的网络连接级别（Windows.Networking.Connectivity.NetworkConnectivityLevel 枚举）
// None - 无连接
// LocalAccess - 仅允许访问本地网络
// ConstrainedInternetAccess - 受限的 internet 访问
// InternetAccess - 本地和 internet 访问
lblMsg.Text += "NetworkConnectivityLevel: " + connectionProfile.GetNetworkConnectivityLevel();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 网络状态发生变化时所触发的事件
NetworkInformation.NetworkStatusChanged += NetworkInformation_NetworkStatusChanged; NetworkAdapter networkAdapter = connectionProfile.NetworkAdapter;
if (networkAdapter != null)
{
lblMsg.Text += "NetworkAdapterId: " + networkAdapter.NetworkAdapterId; // 网络适配器 ID
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "InboundMaxBitsPerSecond: " + networkAdapter.InboundMaxBitsPerSecond; // 最大入站数据传输速率（单位：bit/s）
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "OutboundMaxBitsPerSecond: " + networkAdapter.OutboundMaxBitsPerSecond; // 最大出站数据传输速率（单位：bit/s）
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "NetworkTypes: " + networkAdapter.NetworkItem.GetNetworkTypes(); // 网络类型
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
} lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 获取所有可用连接
IReadOnlyList<ConnectionProfile> connectionProfiles = NetworkInformation.GetConnectionProfiles();
foreach (ConnectionProfile cp in connectionProfiles)
{
lblMsg.Text += "ProfileName: " + cp.ProfileName;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 获取此连接的指定时间段内的本地数据的使用情况
DataUsage dataUsage = cp.GetLocalUsage(DateTime.Now.AddHours(-), DateTime.Now); lblMsg.Text += "BytesSent: " + dataUsage.BytesSent; // 已发送的字节数
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "BytesReceived: " + dataUsage.BytesReceived; // 已收到的字节数
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
} // 以下是一些不常用的东西
ConnectionCost connectionCost = connectionProfile.GetConnectionCost();
DataPlanStatus dataPlanStatus = connectionProfile.GetDataPlanStatus();
NetworkSecuritySettings networkSecuritySettings = connectionProfile.NetworkSecuritySettings;
IReadOnlyList<LanIdentifier> lanIdentifiers = NetworkInformation.GetLanIdentifiers();
} void NetworkInformation_NetworkStatusChanged(object sender)
{ }
}
}
用于演示序列化和反序列化的实体类
Communication/Serializer/Product.cs
/*
* 用于演示序列化和反序列化的实体类
*
* 通过 DataContractJsonSerializer 或 DataContractSerializer 做序列化和反序列化时，其支持 DataContract, DataMember, KnownType
* 当然如果都不声明 DataContract, DataMember 也没问题
*/ using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer
{
[DataContract(Name="product")]
public class Product
{
[DataMember(Name = "productId", IsRequired = true, Order = )]
public int ProductId { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "name", IsRequired = true, Order = )]
public string Name { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "createTime", IsRequired = true, Order = )]
public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } public static List<Product> GetProducts()
{
List<Product> products = new List<Product>();
for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
{
products.Add(new Product
{
ProductId = i,
Name = "name: " + i.ToString().PadLeft(, ''),
Price = i * ,
CreateTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-i)
});
} return products;
}
}
}
2、演示 json 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 json 字符串
Communication/Serializer/Json.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 json 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 json 字符串
*
* 1、通过 DataContractJsonSerializer 做 json 的序列化和反序列化
* 2、通过 JsonObject 和 JsonArray 解析 json 字符串
*/ using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.Text;
using Windows.Data.Json;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer
{
public sealed partial class Json : Page
{
private string _jsonString = ""; public Json()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
SerializeJson();
DeserializeJson();
ParseJson();
} private void SerializeJson()
{
// 需要序列化为 json 的对象
List<Product> products = Product.GetProducts(); // 序列化为 json 时，定义日期类型的字符串格式
DataContractJsonSerializerSettings settings = new DataContractJsonSerializerSettings();
settings.DateTimeFormat = new DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // 实例化 DataContractJsonSerializer 对象，用于 json 的序列化和反序列化
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), settings); using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
// DataContractJsonSerializer.WriteObject() - 序列化
serializer.WriteObject(ms, products); var bytes = ms.ToArray();
_jsonString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, , bytes.Length); lblMsg.Text = _jsonString;
}
} private void DeserializeJson()
{
// 反序列化时，定义日期类型的字符串格式
DataContractJsonSerializerSettings settings = new DataContractJsonSerializerSettings();
settings.DateTimeFormat = new DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // 实例化 DataContractJsonSerializer 对象，用于 json 的序列化和反序列化
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), settings); using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_jsonString);
ms.Write(bytes, , bytes.Length);
ms.Position = ; // 将流的当前位置定位到起点 // DataContractJsonSerializer.ReadObject() - 反序列化
var result = serializer.ReadObject(ms) as List<Product>; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + result[].Name;
}
} private void ParseJson()
{
// JsonArray - json 数组。可以通过 JsonArray.Parse() 将 json 字符串解析为 JsonArray
// JsonObject - json 对象。可以通过 JsonObject.Parse() 将 json 字符串解析为 JsonObject JsonArray ja = JsonArray.Parse(_jsonString);
JsonObject joFirst = ja[].GetObject();
string firstProductName = joFirst["name"].GetString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + firstProductName;
}
}
}
3、演示 xml 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 xml 字符串
Communication/Serializer/MyXmlWriter.cs
/*
* 自定义 XmlWriter，用于去掉默认生成的 xmlns
*/ using System.Xml; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer
{
public class MyXmlWriter : XmlWriter
{
private XmlWriter _writer;
private bool _ignoreEndAttrCall = false; public MyXmlWriter(XmlWriter writer)
{
_writer = writer;
} /*关键代码开始*/
public override void WriteStartElement(string prefix, string localName, string ns)
{
if ((ns != null) && ns.StartsWith("http://schemas.datacontract.org"))
{
ns = null;
}
_writer.WriteStartElement(prefix, localName, ns);
} public override void WriteStartAttribute(string prefix, string localName, string ns)
{
if ((ns == null) || (ns == "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"))
{
_ignoreEndAttrCall = true;
return;
}
_writer.WriteStartAttribute(prefix, localName, ns);
} public override void WriteEndAttribute()
{
if (_ignoreEndAttrCall)
{
_ignoreEndAttrCall = false;
return;
}
_writer.WriteEndAttribute();
} public override void WriteString(string text)
{
if (_ignoreEndAttrCall)
{
return;
}
_writer.WriteString(text);
}
/*关键代码结束*/ #region 这部分代码保持原 XmlWriter 的逻辑不变
public override void Flush()
{
_writer.Flush();
} public override string LookupPrefix(string ns)
{
return _writer.LookupPrefix(ns);
} public override void WriteBase64(byte[] buffer, int index, int count)
{
_writer.WriteBase64(buffer, index, count);
} public override void WriteCData(string text)
{
_writer.WriteCData(text);
} public override void WriteCharEntity(char ch)
{
_writer.WriteCharEntity(ch);
} public override void WriteChars(char[] buffer, int index, int count)
{
_writer.WriteChars(buffer, index, count);
} public override void WriteComment(string text)
{
_writer.WriteComment(text);
} public override void WriteDocType(string name, string pubid, string sysid, string subset)
{
_writer.WriteDocType(name, pubid, sysid, subset);
} public override void WriteEndDocument()
{
_writer.WriteEndDocument();
} public override void WriteEndElement()
{
_writer.WriteEndElement();
} public override void WriteEntityRef(string name)
{
_writer.WriteEntityRef(name);
} public override void WriteFullEndElement()
{
_writer.WriteFullEndElement();
} public override void WriteProcessingInstruction(string name, string text)
{
_writer.WriteProcessingInstruction(name, text);
} public override void WriteRaw(string data)
{
_writer.WriteRaw(data);
} public override void WriteRaw(char[] buffer, int index, int count)
{
_writer.WriteRaw(buffer, index, count);
} public override void WriteStartDocument(bool standalone)
{
_writer.WriteStartDocument(standalone);
} public override void WriteStartDocument()
{
_writer.WriteStartDocument();
} public override WriteState WriteState
{
get { return _writer.WriteState; }
} public override void WriteSurrogateCharEntity(char lowChar, char highChar)
{
_writer.WriteSurrogateCharEntity(lowChar, highChar);
} public override void WriteWhitespace(string ws)
{
_writer.WriteWhitespace(ws);
}
#endregion
}
}
Communication/Serializer/Xml.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 xml 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 xml 字符串
*
* 1、通过 DataContractSerializer 做 xml 的序列化和反序列化
* 2、通过 XLinq（linq to xml）解析 xml 字符串，以及对 xml 做 crud 操作
*
* 关于 xlinq 参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2007/10/26/938122.html
*/ using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer
{
public sealed partial class Xml : Page
{
private string _xmlStringWithoutXmlns = "";
private string _xmlStringWithXmlns = ""; public Xml()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
SerializeXml();
DeserializeXml();
ParseXml();
} private void SerializeXml()
{
// 需要序列化为 xml 的对象
List<Product> products = Product.GetProducts(); // 实例化 DataContractSerializer 对象，用于 xml 的序列化和反序列化，可以指定根节点的名称
DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), "root", ""); // 序列化，同时去掉多余的 xmlns
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
// XmlWriterSettings - 用于配置 XmlWriter
XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true, IndentChars = "\t", NewLineChars = "\n", Encoding = Encoding.UTF8 };
settings.OmitXmlDeclaration = true; // 是否省略掉 xml 声明 // 通过自定义 XmlWriter（参见：MyXmlWriter.cs）的方式，来去掉全部 xml 命名空间
XmlWriter xmlWriter = MyXmlWriter.Create(ms, settings);
MyXmlWriter myXmlWriter = new MyXmlWriter(xmlWriter); // DataContractSerializer.WriteObject() - 序列化
serializer.WriteObject(myXmlWriter, products); xmlWriter.Flush();
xmlWriter.Dispose(); var bytes = ms.ToArray();
_xmlStringWithoutXmlns = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, , bytes.Length); /*
* 通过 XmlWriter 序列化的结果都具有相应编码的 preamble
* 比如如果序列化成 utf-8 编码的 xml 字符串，则对应的 preamble 为 3 个字节：EF(239), BB(187), BF(191)
* preamble 出现在字符串的头部
* 如果直接 WriteObject(MemoryStream, obj)，则不会出现 preamble，但是就没办法通过自定义 XmlWriter 来去掉 xmlns 了
*/
// 去掉 utf-8 的 preamble
_xmlStringWithoutXmlns = TrimPreamble(_xmlStringWithoutXmlns, Encoding.UTF8);
} lblMsg.Text = _xmlStringWithoutXmlns; // 序列化，结果不会出现 preamble，但是 xmlns 都会被保留
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
serializer.WriteObject(ms, products);
var bytes = ms.ToArray();
_xmlStringWithXmlns = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, , bytes.Length);
}
} private void DeserializeXml()
{
// 实例化 DataContractSerializer 对象，用于 xml 的序列化和反序列化，可以指定根节点的名称
DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), "root", ""); using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_xmlStringWithXmlns);
ms.Write(bytes, , bytes.Length);
ms.Seek(, SeekOrigin.Begin); // 将流的当前位置定位到起点 // DataContractSerializer.ReadObject() - 反序列化
var result = serializer.ReadObject(ms) as List<Product>; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + result[].Name;
}
} /// <summary>
/// 通过 xlinq 解析 xml
/// 注意 xml 字符串不能有 preamble，否则解析失败
/// 关于用 xlinq 对 xml 做 crud 操作，请参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2007/10/26/938122.html
/// </summary>
private void ParseXml()
{
XDocument document = XDocument.Parse(_xmlStringWithoutXmlns);
var products = from p in document.Root.Elements("product")
select new Product
{
ProductId = int.Parse(p.Element("productId").Value),
Name = p.Element("name").Value
}; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + products.First().Name;
} /// <summary>
/// 去掉指定字符串的指定编码的 preamble
/// </summary>
public string TrimPreamble(string value, Encoding encoding)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
return value; var bytes = encoding.GetPreamble();
string preamble = encoding.GetString(bytes, , bytes.Length); if (value.StartsWith(preamble))
value = value.Remove(, preamble.Length); return value;
}
}
}
4、演示 rss/atom 的解析
Communication/Serializer/RssAtom.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 rss/atom 的解析
*
* 注：
* 1、AtomPub: 利用 HTTP 方法（post, get, put, delete）的用于 crud web resources 的协议，其全称为 Atom Publishing Protocol
* 2、Windows.Web.AtomPub.AtomPubClient - 封装了对 AtomPub 协议的实现
*/ using System;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.Web.Syndication; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer
{
public sealed partial class RssAtom : Page
{
public RssAtom()
{
this.InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += Rss_Loaded;
} async void Rss_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Uri rssUri = new Uri("http://feed.cnblogs.com/blog/u/18098/rss"); // SyndicationClient - 用于解析 rss/atom 的类
SyndicationClient client = new SyndicationClient(); // 是否绕过缓存，即请求时是否增加头 Pragma: no-cache
client.BypassCacheOnRetrieve = true;
// 设置 http 头
client.SetRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"); lblMsg.Text = "downloading feed: " + rssUri.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; try
{
// 获取数据
SyndicationFeed feed = await client.RetrieveFeedAsync(rssUri); ISyndicationText title = feed.Title; lblMsg.Text += "feed title: " + title.Text;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "items count: " + feed.Items.Count;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; foreach (SyndicationItem item in feed.Items)
{
lblMsg.Text += "item title: " + item.Title.Text;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 将 errCode 转换为 SyndicationErrorStatus 枚举
SyndicationErrorStatus status = SyndicationError.GetStatus(ex.HResult);
lblMsg.Text += status.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString();
}
}
}
}
OK
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