shell常见脚本30例

shell常见脚本30例

author:headsen chen  2017-10-19  10:12:12

本文原素材出自网上,特此申明。有些地方加入我自己的改动

常见的30例shell脚本

1.用Shell编程,判断一文件是不是字符设备文件,如果是将其拷贝到 /dev 目录下。

#!/bin/sh
FILENAME=
echo “Input file name:”
read FILENAME
if [ -c "$FILENAME" ]
then
cp $FILENAME /dev
fi

2.设计一个shell程序,添加一个新组为class1,然后添加属于这个组的30个用户,用户名的形式为stdxx,其中xx从01到30。
vim

#!/bin/sh
i=1
groupadd class1
while [ $i -le 30 ]
do
if [ $i -le 9 ] ;then
USERNAME=stu0${i}
else
USERNAME=stu${i}
fi
useradd $USERNAME
mkdir /home/$USERNAME
chown -R $USERNAME /home/$USERNAME
chgrp -R class1 /home/$USERNAME
i=$(($i+1))
done

我自己写的脚本:
#!/bin/bash
# Author chen
# Date 2017-07-31
# Description:this is a user add scripts

for i in `seq 30`
do
if [ $i -le 9 ]
then
useradd chen0$i
usermod -a -G class1 chen0$i
else
useradd chen$i
usermod -a -G class1 chen$i
fi
done

...............................................................................
补充:awk中加条件表达式,用if()这种格式,NF 表示这一行的字符数

[root@paris ~]# echo -e "abc\n\ndd" |awk '{if ( NF != 0 ) print $0}'
abc
dd
..............................................................................

3.编写shell程序,实现自动删除50个账号的功能。账号名为stud1至stud50。

#!/bin/sh
i=1
while [ $i -le 50 ]
do
userdel -r stud${i}
i=$(($i+1 ))
done

我自己写的脚本
for i in `seq 50`
do
userdel -r stud$i
done

4.某系统管理员需每天做一定的重复工作,请按照下列要求,编制一个解决方案:
(1)在下午4 :50删除/abc目录下的全部子目录和全部文件;
(2)从早8:00~下午6:00每小时读取/xyz目录下x1文件中每行第一个域的全部数据加入到/backup目录下的bak01.txt文件内;
(3)每逢星期一下午5:50将/data目录下的所有目录和文件归档并压缩为文件:backup.tar.gz;
(4)在下午5:55将IDE接口的CD-ROM卸载(假设:CD-ROM的设备名为hdc);
(5)在早晨8:00前开机后启动。

解决方案:
(1)用vi创建编辑一个名为prgx的crontab文件;
(2)prgx文件的内容:

50 16 * * * rm -r /abc/*
0 8-18/1 * * * cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >;>; /backup/bak01.txt
50 17 * * * tar zcvf backup.tar.gz /data
55 17 * * * umount /dev/hdc

(3)由超级用户登录,用crontab执行 prgx文件中的内容:
root@xxx:#crontab prgx;在每日早晨8:00之前开机后即可自动启动crontab。

我做的:
[root@paris b]# crontab -e
50 4 * * * sh /tmp/b/del.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
0 8-16 * * * sh /tmp/b/read.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
50 5 * * 1 sh /tmp/b/tar.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
55 5 * * * sh /tmp/b/umount.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
00 8 * * * sh /tmp/b/startup.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

rm -rf /abc/*
cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >>/backup/data01.txt
tar -zvcf backup.tar.gz /data/*
umount /dev/hdc

service crond restart

5.设计一个shell程序,在每月第一天备份并压缩/etc目录的所有内容,存放在/root/bak目录里,且文件名为如下形式yymmdd_etc,yy为年,mm为月,dd为日。Shell程序fileback存放在/usr/bin目录下。

(1)编写shell程序fileback:

#!/bin/sh
DIRNAME=`ls /root | grep bak`
if [ -z "$DIRNAME" ] ; then
mkdir /root/bak
cd /root/bak
fi
YY=`date +%y`
MM=`date +%m`
DD=`date +%d`
BACKETC=$YY$MM$DD_etc.tar.gz
tar zcvf $BACKETC /etc
echo “fileback finished!”

(2)编写任务定时器:

echo “0 0 1 * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback” >; /root/etcbakcron
crontab /root/etcbakcron
或使用crontab -e 命令添加定时任务:
0 1 * * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback --------------------注意:用/bin/sh 而不是sh

6.有一普通用户想在每周日凌晨零点零分定期备份/user/backup到/tmp目录下,该用户应如何做?

(1)第一种方法:

用户应使用crontab –e 命令创建crontab文件。格式如下:
0 0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp

(2)第二种方法:
用户先在自己目录下新建文件file,文件内容如下:

0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp
然后执行 crontab file 使生效。

7.设计一个Shell程序,在/userdata目录下建立50个目录,即user1~user50,并设置每个目录的权限,其中其他用户的权限为:读;文件所有者的权限为:读、写、执行;文件所有者所在组的权限为:读、执行。

建立程序 Pro16如下:

#!/bin/sh
i=1
while [ i -le 50 ]
do
if [ -d /userdata ];then
mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
chmod -R 754 /userdata/user$i =-------------------必需加上-R 参数,否则目录权限为755
echo “user$i”
let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))
else
mkdir /userdata
mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
chmod 754 /userdata/user$i
echo “user$i”
let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))
fi
done

我自己做的:
#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 50`
do
mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
chmod -R 754 /userdata/$1
done

8、mysql备份实例,自动备份mysql,并删除30天前的备份文件

#!/bin/sh

#auto backup mysql
#wugk 2012-07-14
#PATH DEFINE

BAKDIR=/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`
MYSQLDB=www
MYSQLPW=backup
MYSQLUSR=backup

if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then
echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!
sleep 2
exit 0
fi

if[ ! -d $BAKDIR ];then
mkdir -p $BAKDIR
else
echo This is $BAKDIR exists ,please exit ….
sleep 2
exit
fi

###mysqldump backup mysql

/usr/bin/mysqldump -u$MYSQLUSR -p$MYSQLPW -d $MYSQLDB >/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`/www_db.sql

cd $BAKDIR ; tar -czf www_mysql_db.tar.gz *.sql

cd $BAKDIR ;find . -name “*.sql” |xargs rm -rf[ $? -eq 0 ]&&echo “This `date +%Y-%m-%d` RESIN BACKUP is SUCCESS”

cd /data/backup/mysql/ ;find . -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf

9、自动安装Nginx脚本,采用case方式,选择方式,也可以根据实际需求改成自己想要的脚本

#!/bin/sh

###nginx install shell
###wugk 2012-07-14
###PATH DEFINE

SOFT_PATH=/data/soft/
NGINX_FILE=nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz
DOWN_PATH=http://nginx.org/download/

if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then
echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!
sleep 2
exit 0
fi

if[ ! -d $SOFT_PATH ];then
mkdir -p $SOFT_PATH
fi

download ()
{
cd $SOFT_PATH ;wget $DOWN_PATH/$NGINX_FILE
}

install ()
{
yum install pcre-devel -y
cd $SOFT_PATH ;tar xzf $NGINX_FILE ;cd nginx-1.2.0/ &&./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
[ $? -eq 0 ]&&make &&make install
}

start ()
{
lsof -i :80[ $? -ne 0 ]&&/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
}

stop ()
{
ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep |awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9
}

exit ()
{
echo $? ;exit
}

###case menu #####

case $1 in
download )
download
;;

install )
install
;;

start )
start
;;
stop )
stop
;;

* )

echo “USAGE:$0 {download or install or start or stop}”
exit
esac

10、批量解压tar脚本,批量解压zip并且建立当前目录。

#!/bin/sh
PATH1=/tmp/images
PATH2=/usr/www/images
for i in `ls ${PATH1}/*`
do
tar xvf $i -C $PATH2
done

这个脚本是针对所有tar文件在一个目录,但是实际情况中,有可能在下级或者更深的目录,我们可以使用find查找

#!/bin/sh
PATH1=/tmp/images
PATH2=/usr/www/images
for i in `find $PATH1 -name ”*.tar” `
do
tar xvf $i -C $PATH2
done

如何是zip文件,例如123189.zip 132342.zip 等等批量文件,默认unzip直接解压不带自身目录,意思是解压123189.zip完当前目录就是图片,不能创建123189目录下并解压,可以用shell脚本实现

#!/bin/sh
PATH1=/tmp/images
PATH2=/usr/www/images
cd $PATH1

for i in `find . -name ”*.zip”|awk -F. {print $2} `
do

mkdir -p PATH2$i

unzip -o .$i.zip -d PATH2$i
done

ssh 批量上传文件

上传文件大多数用的是ftp,但是用ftp有一点不好,就是本地和远程的目录要对应,这样就要在多个目录下去切换,这样挺麻烦的,如果不注意的话,很有可能传错。所以想了个办法利用scp来批量上传文件或者目录。

一,scp上传不要输入密码
如果要用scp来上传文件,第一步就要去掉scp上传时要输入密码。要不然就没办法批量上传了。具体请参考:ssh 不用输入密码

二,ssh批量上传脚本

1,要上传的文件列表放到一个test文件中

root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# cat test
/home/zhangy/test/aaa
/home/zhangy/test/nginx.conf

/home/zhangy/test/test.sql
/home/zhangy/test/pa.txt
/home/zhangy/test/password

上面就要上传的文件。

2,批量上传的脚本

vim file_upload.sh

#!/bin/sh

DATE=`date +%Y_%m_%d_%H`

if [ $1 ]
then
for file in $(sed '/^$/d' $1) //去掉空行
do
if [ -f $file ] //普通文件
then
res=`scp $file $2:$file` //上传文件
if [ -z $res ] //上传成功
then
echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log //上传成功的日志
fi
elif [ -d $file ] //目录
then
res=`scp -r $file $2:$file`
if [ -z $res ]
then
echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log
fi
fi
done
else
echo "no file" >> ${DATE}_error.log
fi

上传成功后,返回的是一个空行,上传不成功,什么都不返回

3,上传的格式

./file_upload.sh test 192.168.1.13
test是上传列表文件,192.168.1.13文件要传到的地方。
0

1. 转换文件大小写:
A script to convert the specified filenames to lower case.

#!/bin/sh
# lowerit
# convert all file names in the current directory to lower case
# only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories
# will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file
for x in `ls`
do
if [ ! -f $x ]; then
continue
fi
lc=`echo $x | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
if [ $lc != $x ]; then
mv -i $x $lc
fi
done


or

if test $# = 0
then
echo "Usage $0: <files>" 1>&2
exit 1
fi

for filename in "$@"
do
new_filename=`echo "$filename" | tr A-Z a-z`
test "$filename" = "$new_filename" && continue
if test -r "$new_filename"
then
echo "$0: $new_filename exists" 1>&2
elif test -e "$filename"
then
mv "$filename" "$new_filename"
else
echo "$0: $filename not found" 1>&2
fi
done


2. 看网站 Watch a Website

A script to repeated download a webpage until it matches a regex then notify an e-mail address.
For example to get e-mail when Kesha tickets (not for yourself of course) go on sale you might run:

% watch_website.sh http://ticketek.com.au/ 'Ke[sS$]+ha' andrewt@cse.unsw.edu.au

repeat_seconds=300 #check every 5 minutes

if test $# = 3
then
url=$1
regexp=$2
email_address=$3
else
echo "Usage: $0 <url> <regex>" 1>&2
exit 1
fi

while true
do
if wget -O- -q "$url"|egrep "$regexp" >/dev/null
then
echo "Generated by $0" | mail -s "$url now matches $regexp" $email_address
exit 0
fi
sleep $repeat_seconds
done


3. 转GIF到PNG convert GIF files to PNG

This scripts converts GIF files to PNG files via the intermediate PPM format.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Usage: $0 files..." 1>&2
exit 1
fi

if ! type giftopnm 2>/dev/null
then
echo "$0: conversion tool giftopnm not found " 1>&2
exit 1
fi

# missing "in ..." defaults to in "$@"
for f
do
case "$f" in
*.gif)
# OK, do nothing
;;
*)
echo "gif2png: skipping $f, not GIF"
continue
;;
esac

dir=`dirname "$f"`
base=`basename "$f" .gif`
result="$dir/$base.png"

giftopnm "$f" | pnmtopng > $result && echo "wrote $result"
done


4. 计数 Counting

A utility script to print the sub-range of integers specified by its arguments.
Useful to use on the command line or from other scripts

if test $# = 1
then
start=1
finish=$1
elif test $# = 2
then
start=$1
finish=$2
else
echo "Usage: $0 <start> <finish>" 1>&2
exit 1
fi

for argument in "$@"
do
if echo "$argument"|egrep -v '^-?[0-9]+$' >/dev/null
then
echo "$0: argument '$argument' is not an integer" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
done

number=$start
while test $number -le $finish
do
echo $number
number=`expr $number + 1` # or number=$(($number + 1))
done


5. 字频率 Word Frequency
Count the number of time each different word occurs in the files given as arguments.

sed 's/ /\n/g' "$@"| # convert to one word per line
tr A-Z a-z| # map uppercase to lower case
sed "s/[^a-z']//g"| # remove all characters except a-z and '
egrep -v '^$'| # remove empty lines
sort| # place words in alphabetical order
uniq -c| # use uniq to count how many times each word occurs
sort -n # order words in frequency of occurrance
For example

% cd /home/cs2041/public_html/lec/shell/examples
% ./word_frequency.sh dracula.txt|tail
2124 it
2440 that
2486 in
2549 he
2911 a
3600 of
4448 to
4740 i
5833 and
7843 the


6. Finding

Search $PATH for the specified programs

if test $# = 0
then
echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2
exit 1
fi

for program in "$@"
do
program_found=''
for directory in `echo "$PATH" | tr ':' ' '`
do
f="$directory/$program"
if test -x "$f"
then
ls -ld "$f"
program_found=1
fi
done
if test -z $program_found
then
echo "$program not found"
fi
done

Alternative implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

if test $# = 0
then
echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2
exit 1
fi

for program in "$@"
do
echo "$PATH"|
tr ':' '\n'|
while read directory
do
f="$directory/$program"
if test -x "$f"
then
ls -ld "$f"
fi
done|
egrep '.' || echo "$program not found"
done

And another implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

if test $# = 0
then
echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
for program in "$@"
do
n_path_components=`echo $PATH|tr -d -c :|wc -c`
index=1
while test $index -le $n_path_components
do
directory=`echo "$PATH"|cut -d: -f$index`
f="$directory/$program"
if test -x "$f"
then
ls -ld "$f"
program_found=1
fi
index=`expr $index + 1`
done
test -n $program_found || echo "$program not found"
done

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