hashlib模块：加密
import hashlib
# 基本使用
cipher = hashlib.md5('需要加密的数据的二进制形式'.encode('utf-8'))
print(cipher.hexdigest()) # 加密结果码 # 加盐
cipher = hashlib.md5()
cipher.update('前盐'.encode('utf-8'))
cipher.update('需要加密的数据'.encode('utf-8'))
cipher.update('后盐'.encode('utf-8'))
print(cipher.hexdigest()) # 加密结果码 # 其他算法
cipher = hashlib.sha3_256(b'')
print(cipher.hexdigest())
cipher = hashlib.sha3_512(b'')
print(cipher.hexdigest())
import hashlib
m=hashlib.md5()# m=hashlib.sha256()
m.update('hello'.encode('utf8'))
print(m.hexdigest()) #5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592
m.update('alvin'.encode('utf8'))
print(m.hexdigest()) #92a7e713c30abbb0319fa07da2a5c4af
m2=hashlib.md5()
m2.update('helloalvin'.encode('utf8'))
print(m2.hexdigest()) #92a7e713c30abbb0319fa07da2a5c4af
'''
注意：把一段很长的数据update多次，与一次update这段长数据，得到的结果一样
但是update多次为校验大文件提供了可能。
'''
hmac 模块
python 还有一个 hmac 模块，它内部对我们创建 key 和 内容 进行进一步的处理然后再加密:
1 import hmac
2 h = hmac.new('alvin'.encode('utf8'))
3 h.update('hello'.encode('utf8'))
4 print (h.hexdigest())#320df9832eab4c038b6c1d7ed73a5940
# 必须加盐
cipher = hmac.new('盐'.encode('utf-8'))
cipher.update('数据'.encode('utf-8'))
print(cipher.hexdigest()) #要想保证hmac最终结果一致，必须保证：
#1:hmac.new括号内指定的初始key一样
#2:无论update多少次，校验的内容累加到一起是一样的内容 import hmac h1=hmac.new(b'egon')
h1.update(b'hello')
h1.update(b'world')
print(h1.hexdigest()) h2=hmac.new(b'egon')
h2.update(b'helloworld')
print(h2.hexdigest()) h3=hmac.new(b'egonhelloworld')
print(h3.hexdigest()) '''
f1bf38d054691688f89dcd34ac3c27f2
f1bf38d054691688f89dcd34ac3c27f2
bcca84edd9eeb86f30539922b28f3981
'''
！
configparser模块
# 注释1
; 注释2 [section1]
k1 = v1
k2:v2
user=egon
age=18
is_admin=true
salary=31 [section2]
k1 = v1
读取
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('a.cfg') #查看所有的标题
res=config.sections() #['section1', 'section2']
print(res) #查看标题section1下所有key=value的key
options=config.options('section1')
print(options) #['k1', 'k2', 'user', 'age', 'is_admin', 'salary'] #查看标题section1下所有key=value的(key,value)格式
item_list=config.items('section1')
print(item_list) #[('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('user', 'egon'), ('age', '18'), ('is_admin', 'true'), ('salary', '31')] #查看标题section1下user的值=>字符串格式
val=config.get('section1','user')
print(val) #egon #查看标题section1下age的值=>整数格式
val1=config.getint('section1','age')
print(val1) # #查看标题section1下is_admin的值=>布尔值格式
val2=config.getboolean('section1','is_admin')
print(val2) #True #查看标题section1下salary的值=>浮点型格式
val3=config.getfloat('section1','salary')
print(val3) #31.0
改写
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('a.cfg',encoding='utf-8') #删除整个标题section2
config.remove_section('section2') #删除标题section1下的某个k1和k2
config.remove_option('section1','k1')
config.remove_option('section1','k2') #判断是否存在某个标题
print(config.has_section('section1')) #判断标题section1下是否有user
print(config.has_option('section1','')) #添加一个标题
config.add_section('egon') #在标题egon下添加name=egon,age=18的配置
config.set('egon','name','egon')
config.set('egon','age',18) #报错,必须是字符串 #最后将修改的内容写入文件,完成最终的修改
config.write(open('a.cfg','w'))
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '',
'Compression': 'yes',
'CompressionLevel': ''} config['bitbucket.org'] = {}
config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'
config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}
topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
topsecret['Host Port'] = '' # mutates the parser
topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here
config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'
with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
config.write(configfile) 基于上述方法添加一个ini文档
添加ini
suprocess模块
import subprocess '''
sh-3.2# ls /Users/egon/Desktop |grep txt$
mysql.txt
tt.txt
事物.txt
''' res1=subprocess.Popen('ls /Users/jieli/Desktop',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
res=subprocess.Popen('grep txt$',shell=True,stdin=res1.stdout,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(res.stdout.read().decode('utf-8')) #等同于上面,但是上面的优势在于,一个数据流可以和另外一个数据流交互,可以通过爬虫得到结果然后交给grep
res1=subprocess.Popen('ls /Users/jieli/Desktop |grep txt$',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
print(res1.stdout.read().decode('utf-8')) #windows下:
# dir | findstr 'test*'
# dir | findstr 'txt$'
import subprocess
res1=subprocess.Popen(r'dir C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\test\函数备课',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
res=subprocess.Popen('findstr test*',shell=True,stdin=res1.stdout,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(res.stdout.read().decode('gbk')) #subprocess使用当前系统默认编码，得到结果为bytes类型，在windows下需要用gbk解码
xlrd模块：excel读
年终报表
教学部 市场部 咨询部 总计
Jan-19 10 15 5 30
Feb-19 10 15 5 30
Mar-19 10 15 5 30
Apr-19 10 15 5 30
May-19 10 15 5 30
Jun-19 10 15 5 30
Jul-19 10 15 5 30
Aug-19 10 15 5 30
Sep-19 10 15 5 30
Oct-19 10 15 5 30
Nov-19 10 15 5 30
Dec-19 10 15 5 30 import xlrd
# 读取文件
work_book = xlrd.open_workbook("机密数据.xlsx")
# 获取所有所有表格名称
print(work_book.sheet_names())
# 选取一个表
sheet = work_book.sheet_by_index(1)
# 表格名称
print(sheet.name)
# 行数
print(sheet.nrows)
# 列数
print(sheet.ncols)
# 某行全部
print(sheet.row(6))
# 某列全部
print(sheet.col(6))
# 某行列区间
print(sheet.row_slice(6, start_colx=0, end_colx=4))
# 某列行区间
print(sheet.col_slice(3, start_colx=3, end_colx=6))
# 某行类型 | 值
print(sheet.row_types(6), sheet.row_values(6))
# 单元格
print(sheet.cell(6,0).value) # 取值
print(sheet.cell(6,0).ctype) # 取类型
print(sheet.cell_value(6,0)) # 直接取值
print(sheet.row(6)[0])
# 时间格式转换
print(xlrd.xldate_as_datetime(sheet.cell(6, 0).value, 0))
xlwt模块：excel写
import xlwt
# 创建工作簿
work = xlwt.Workbook()
# 创建一个表
sheet = work.add_sheet("员工信息数据")
# 创建一个字体对象
font = xlwt.Font()
font.name = "Times New Roman" # 字体名称
font.bold = True # 加粗
font.italic = True # 斜体
font.underline = True # 下划线
# 创建一个样式对象
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
keys = ['Owen', 'Zero', 'Egon', 'Liuxx', 'Yhh']
# 写入标题
for k in keys:
sheet.write(0, keys.index(k), k, style)
# 写入数据
sheet.write(1, 0, 'cool', style)
# 保存至文件
work.save("test.xls")
复习模块
# import datetime # print(datetime.datetime.now())
# print(datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=3))
# print(datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(seconds=111)) # 2019-04-20 20:00:45.964735
# 2019-04-23 20:00:45.964735
# 2019-04-20 20:02:36.964735 # current_time=datetime.datetime.now()
# print(current_time.replace(year=1977))
# 1977-04-20 20:02:01.534058 # print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(11111111))
# 时间戳直接转成日期格式 1970-05-09 # 打印进度条 # print('[%-50s]' %'#')
# print('[%-50s]' %'##')
# print('[%-50s]' %'###')
# [# ]
# [## ]
# [### ] # num=30
# print('%s%%'%num)
# 30% 第一个%是取消第二个%的特殊意义的 # width=30
# print(('[%%-%ds]'%width)%'#')
# print(('[%%-%ds]'%width)%'##')
# print(('[%%-%ds]'%width)%'###')
# [%-(width)s] %#
# [# ]
# [## ]
# [### ] # def progress(percent,width=50):
# if percent>1:
# percent=1
# show_str=('[%%-%ds]'%width) %(int(width*percent)*'#')
# print('\r%s %d%%'%(show_str,int(100*percent)),end='')
#
# import time
# recv_size=0
# total_size=8097
# while recv_size<total_size:
# time.sleep(0.1)
# recv_size+=576
# percent=recv_size/total_size
# progress(percent) # import shutil
# import time
# ret=shutil.make_archive(
# 'E:\代码存放位置\第五周%s'%time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
# 'gztar',
# root_dir=r'E:\代码存放位置\第五周\继承.py'
# ) # import shelve
# info1={'age':18,'height':180,'weight':80}
# info2={'age':73,'height':160,'weight':80}
#
# d=shelve.open('db.shv')
# d['egon']=info1
# d['alex']=info1
# d.close() # d=shelve.open('db.shv')
# print(d['egon'])
# print(d['alex'])
# d.close()
# {'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80}
# {'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80} #
# d=shelve.open('db.shv',writeback=True)
# d['alex']['age']=1000
# print(d['alex'])
# d.close()
# {'age': 1000, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80} # d=shelve.open('db.shv')
# print(d['alex'])
# d.close()
# {'age': 1000, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80} # ==========================================查
# import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
#
# tree=ET.parse('a.xml')
# root=tree.getroot()
# print(root.tag)
# data
# 三种查找节点的方式
# res=root.iter('rank') #会在整个树中进行查找，而且是查找到所有
# for item in res:
# print(item)
# print('='*50)
# print(item.tag) #标签名
# print(item.attrib) #属性
# print(item.text) #文本内容
# == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == ==
# rank
# {'updated': 'yes'}
#
# == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == ==
# rank
# {'updated': 'yes'}
#
# == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == ==
# rank
# {'updated': 'yes'}
# # res=root.find('country') #只能在当前元素的下一级开始查找，并且只找到一个就结束
# print(res.tag)
# print(res.attrib)
# print(res.text)
# country
# {'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
# nb=res.find('neighbor') #在当前country的节点往下查找 找到只找到一个就结束
# print(nb.attrib)
# {'name': 'Austria', 'direction': 'E'} # cy=root.findall('country') #只能在当前元素的下一级开始查找
# print([item.attrib for item in cy])
# [{'name': 'Liechtenstein'}, {'name': 'Singapore'}, {'name': 'Panama'}] # # -=====================================改
# import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# tree=ET.parse('a.xml')
# root=tree.getroot()
#
# for year in root.iter('year'): #会在整个树中进行查找，而且是查找所有的
# year.text=str(int(year.text)+10)
# year.attrib={'updated':'yes'}
#
# tree.write('b.xml')
# tree.write('a.xml') # -=====================================增
# import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# tree=ET.parse('a.xml')
# root=tree.getroot()
#
# for country in root.iter('country'):
# # print(country)
# year=country.find('year')
# # print(year)
# if int(year.text)>2000:
# # print(country.attrib)
# ele=ET.Element('egon')
# ele.attrib={'nb':'yes'}
# ele.text='非常帅'
# country.append(ele)
# # country.remove(year)
# tree.write('b.xml') # import os
# while True:
# cmd=input('>>>: ').strip()
# if not cmd:continue
# # print('%s run'%cmd)
# res=os.system(cmd) #dir # network.send(res) # import subprocess #运行系统命令 允许控制命令的结果是打印到屏幕上还是做其他的事情
# obj=subprocess.Popen('dir', #正确命令
# shell=True, #命令解释器
# stdout=subprocess.PIPE, #正确管道
# stderr=subprocess.PIPE #错误管道
# )
#
# res1=obj.stdout.read()
# print('正确结果111： ',res1.decode('gbk'))
#
# res2=obj.stdout.read()
# print('正确结果222： ',res2.decode('gbk')) #只能取走一次，取走了正确管道里就没有信息了
# #
# res2=obj.stderr.read() #只解读命令
# print('错误结果： ',res2.decode('gbk'))
# import configparser #解析配置 ini这种格式文件里面的组成形式
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('my.ini') # secs=config.sections() #标题
# print(secs)
# ['egon', 'lqz'] # print(config.options('egon'))
# ['age', 'pwd', 'sex', 'salary', 'is_beautiful'] # age=config.get('egon','age')
# print(age,type(age)) #18 <class 'str'>
# age=config.getint('egon','age')
# print(age,type(age)) #18 <class 'int'> # salary=config.getfloat('egon','salary')
# print(salary,type(salary)) #5.1 <class 'float'> b=config.getboolean('egon','is_beautiful')
print(b,type(b)) #True <class 'bool'>
复习 模块