Layout 不可思议(二)—— 两侧定宽的三列布局

三列布局作为网页设计中最常见的布局,其实现方法早已被诸位前端大神摸透

网上相关的文章很多,原本已无必要再做赘述

不过既然开了 Layout 系列,三列布局就是必修课

本文整理了一些常用的实现方法,然后加入了一些个人愚见,希望能给诸位看官一些新的启发

效果图:

Layout 不可思议(二)—— 两侧定宽的三列布局

一、绝对定位

最容易理解的一种方法,以中间内容为主体,通过 margin 或者 padding 将两侧撑开,最后用 absolute 定位两侧

HTML 结构:

<div class="container">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="main"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>

CSS 样式:

.container {
position: relative;
}
.left,
.right {
position: absolute;
top:;
width: 200px;
}
.left {
left:;
}
.right {
right: 0px;
}
.main {
margin: 0 200px;
}

二、负值 margin

绝对定位方案的变种,利用 margin 可以设置负值的特性,模拟出类似于定位的效果,应用最广的方案

HTML 结构:

<div class="container">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="main-wrap">
<div class="main"></div>
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>

CSS 样式:

.container {
overflow: hidden;
}
.left,
.right {
float: left;
width: 200px;
}
.main-wrap {
float: left;
width: 100%;
margin: 0 -200px;
}
.main {
margin: 0 200px;
}

这种方案的重点在于,中间列 main 一定要用双层标签,外层为容器,内层才是主体内容

三列都设置了浮动 float,可以用 display: inline-block 替换

关于这种方案还有一种变式:

将中间列的 html 部分挪到最前,然后 left 容器设置 margin-left: -100%

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" alt="" />

这种方案也能实现同样的效果,但由于 html 结构的顺序发生了改变,所以我更推荐使用原始方案

三、左右浮动

流式布局,分别设置左列 float:left 和右列 float:right,然后让中间列“流”入两列之间

HTML 结构:

<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
<div class="main"></div>

CSS 样式:

.container {
overflow: hidden;
}
.left,
.right {
width: 200px;
}
.main {
width: auto;
}
.left {
float: left;
}
.right {
float: right;
}

因为使用了左右浮动,所以不能用 display:inline-block 替换,而且中间列必须放到最后

四、Flex 布局

最简单省事儿但兼容性最差的方案,可以用在移动端 如果移动端也要做三列布局的话

HTML 结构:

<div class="container">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="main"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>

CSS 样式:

.container {
display: flex;
}
.left, .right {
width: 200px;
}
.main {
display: flex;
flex: auto;
}
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