一、实验要求：
1、构造函数
CMatrix(): 不带参数的构造函数；
CMatrix(int nRow, int nCol, double *pData=NULL) : 带行、列及数据指针等参数的构造函数,并且参数带默认值；
CMatrix(const char * strPath): 带文件路径参数的构造函数；
CMatrix(const CMatrix& m): 拷贝构造函数
此外会用列表初始化成员变量：CMatrix(): m_nRow(0), m_nCol(0), m_pData(NULL);
bool Create(int nRow, int nCol, double *pData=NULL): 先删除原有空间，根据传入行列创建空间，如果pData不为空要将pData的内容拷贝到m_pData中。

2、析构函数
~CMatrix(): 调用Release();
Release(): 将内存释放，并将行列设置为0；

3、运算符重载
算术运算符重载：+, -, +=, -=
关系运算符重载：>, <, ==
下标操作符：[], ()
强制类型转换: double
赋值运算符：=，尤其注意当m1=m1特殊情况的处理

4、友元函数
输入和输出运输符：<<, >>
二、实验过程
1.CMatrix.h

1: #ifndef CMATRIX_H
2: #define CMATRIX_H
3: #include <iostream>
4: using namespace std;
5: class CMatrix
6: {
7: public:
8:     CMatrix();
9:     CMatrix(int nRow,int nCol,double *pData=NULL);
10:     CMatrix(const CMatrix& m);
11:     CMatrix(const char * strPath);
12:     ~CMatrix();
13:     bool Create(int nRow,int nCol,double *pData=NULL);
14:     void Set(int nRow,int nCol,double dVale);
15:     void Release();
16:     friend istream & operator>>(istream& is,CMatrix & m);
17:     friend ostream & operator<<(ostream& os,const CMatrix &m);  
18:     
19:     CMatrix& operator=(const CMatrix& m);
20:     CMatrix& operator+=(const CMatrix& m);
21: //  CMatrix& operator+(const CMatrix& m);
22: //  CMatrix operator+(const CMatrix& m1,const CMatrix& m2);
23:     double & operator[](int nIndex);
24:     double & operator()(int nRow,int nCol);
25:     bool operator ==(const CMatrix& m);
26:     bool operator !=(const CMatrix& m);
27:     
28:     operator double();
29:     
30: private:
31:     int m_nRow;
32:     int m_nCol;
33:     double *m_pData;        
34: };
35: CMatrix operator+(const CMatrix& m1,const CMatrix& m2);
36:
37: inline void CMatrix::Set(int nRow,int nCol,double dVal)
38: {
39:     m_pData[nRow*m_nCol+nCol]=dVal;
40: }
41: #endif

2.CMatrix.cpp

1: #include "CMatrix.h"
2: #include <fstream>
3: #include <assert.h>
4: CMatrix::CMatrix():m_nRow(0),m_nCol(0),m_pData(0)
5: {
6:     
7: }
8: CMatrix::CMatrix(int nRow,int nCol,double *pData):m_pData(0)
9: {
10:     Create(nRow,nCol,pData);
11: }
12: CMatrix::CMatrix(const CMatrix& m):m_pData(0)
13: {
14:     *this = m;
15: }
16: CMatrix::CMatrix(const char * strPath)
17: {
18:     m_pData = 0;
19:     m_nRow = m_nCol = 0;
20:     ifstream cin(strPath);
21:     cin>>*this;
22: }
23: CMatrix::~CMatrix()
24: {
25:     Release();
26: }
27: bool CMatrix::Create(int nRow,int nCol,double *pData)
28: {
29:     Release();
30:     m_pData = new double[nRow*nCol];
31:     m_nRow = nRow;
32:     m_nCol = nCol;
33:     if(pData)
34:     {
35:         memcpy(m_pData,pData,nRow*nCol*sizeof(double));
36:     }
37: }
38: void CMatrix::Release()
39: {
40:     if(m_pData)
41:     {
42:         delete []m_pData;
43:         m_pData = NULL;
44:     }
45:     m_nRow = m_nCol = 0;
46: }
47: CMatrix& CMatrix::operator=(const CMatrix& m)
48: {
49:     if(this!=&m){
50:         Create(m.m_nRow,m.m_nCol,m.m_pData);
51:     }
52:     return *this;
53: }
54: CMatrix& CMatrix::operator+=(const CMatrix& m)
55: {
56:     assert(m_nRow==m.m_nRow && m_nCol==m.m_nCol);
57:     for(int i=0;i<m_nRow*m_nCol;i++)
58:     {
59:         m_pData[i]+=m.m_pData[i];
60:     }
61:     return *this;
62: }
63: //CMatrix& CMatrix::operator+(const CMatrix& m)
64: //{
65: //  assert(m_nRow==m.m_nRow && m_nCol==m.m_nCol);
66: //  for(int i=0;i<m_nRow*m_nCol;i++)
67: //  {
68: //      m_pData[i]+=m.m_pData[i];
69: //  }
70: //  return *this;
71: //}
72: //CMatrix CMatrix::operator+(const CMatrix& m1,const CMatrix& m2)
73: //{
74: //  CMatrix m3(m1);
75: //  m3+=m2;
76: //  return m3;
77: //}
78: CMatrix operator+(const CMatrix& m1,const CMatrix& m2)
79: {
80:     CMatrix m3(m1);
81:     m3 += m2;
82:     return m3;
83: }
84: double & CMatrix::operator[](int nIndex)
85: {
86:     assert(nIndex<m_nRow*m_nCol);
87:     return m_pData[nIndex];
88: }
89: double & CMatrix::operator()(int nRow,int nCol)
90: {
91:     assert(nRow*m_nCol+nCol<m_nRow*m_nCol);
92:     return m_pData[nRow*m_nCol+nCol];   
93: }
94: bool CMatrix::operator == (const CMatrix& m)
95: {
96:     if(!(m_nRow==m.m_nRow && m_nCol==m.m_nCol))
97:     {
98:         return false;
99:     }
100:     for(int i=0;i<m_nRow*m_nCol;i++)
101:     {
102:         if(m_pData[i]!=m.m_pData[i])
103:         {
104:             return false;
105:         }
106:     }
107:     return true;
108: }
109: bool CMatrix::operator !=(const CMatrix& m)
110: {
111:     return !((*this)==m);
112: }
113: CMatrix::operator double()
114: {
115:     double dS=0;
116:     for(int i=0;i<m_nRow*m_nCol;i++)
117:     {
118:         dS+=m_pData[i];
119:     }
120:     return dS;
121: }
122:     
123: istream & operator>>(istream& is,CMatrix & m)
124: {
125:     is>>m.m_nRow>>m.m_nCol;
126:     m.Create(m.m_nRow,m.m_nCol);
127:     for(int i=0;i<m.m_nRow*m.m_nCol;i++)
128:     {
129:         is>>m.m_pData[i];
130:     }
131:     return is;
132: }
133: ostream & operator<<(ostream& os,const CMatrix &m)
134: {
135:     os<<m.m_nRow<<" "<<m.m_nCol<<endl;
136:     double * pData = m.m_pData;
137:     for(int i=0;i<m.m_nRow;i++)
138:     {
139:         for(int j=0;j<m.m_nCol;j++)
140:         {
141:             os<<*pData++<<" ";
142:         }
143:         os<<endl;
144:     }
145:     return os;
146: }