数据库的创建,获取,执行sql语句:
框架搭建:dao
思考:
1.数据库保存在哪里?
2.如何创建数据库?如何创建表?
3.如何更新数据库?如何更改表的列数据?
4.如何获取数据库?
5.如何修改数据库中的表的数据?
框架思想
思考:如何使得编程更加简单?
一个sql语言,容易写错;
1.使用占位符;
2.框架解析重建法:搭建框架,对增删改查功能进行单独封装,传入容器对象即可;
思考:
1.数据库保存在哪里?
data/data/包名/databases/xiaoo.db
2.如何创建数据库?如何创建表?
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE person (personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20))");
3.如何更新数据库?如何更改表的列数据?
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE person ADD phone VARCHAR(12) NULL ");
4.如何获取数据库?
5.如何修改数据库中的表的数据?
一、创建数据库打开助手:
二、创建dao
三、测试dao
import android.content.Context; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; public class MyDBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { /** * * @param context 应用程序上下文 * @param name 数据库的名字 * @param factory 查询数据库的游标工厂 一般情况下 用sdk默认的 * @param version 数据库的版本 版本号必须不小1 * */ public MyDBOpenHelper(Context context) { super(context, ); } // 在mydbOpenHelper 在数据库第一次被创建的时候 会执行onCreate(); @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { System.out.println("我被调用了 oncreate"); db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE person (personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20))"); } // 通过version的增加来执行数据库版本更新,版本号改为6的同时,调用onUpgrade ,让程序员执行具体更新; @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { System.out.println("on update "); db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE person ADD phone VARCHAR(12) NULL "); } }
二、创建dao
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.util.Log; import cn.itcast.db.MyDBOpenHelper; import cn.itcast.db.domain.Person; public class PersonDao { private static final String TAG = "PersonDao"; private MyDBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper; // 在personDao被new出来的时候 就完成初始化 public PersonDao(Context context) { dbOpenHelper = new MyDBOpenHelper(context); // dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase() // dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase() } // 增删改查 /** * 往数据库添加一条数据 */ public void add(String name, String phone) { boolean result = find(name); if (result) return; SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { db.execSQL("insert into person (name,phone) values (?,?)", new Object[] { name, phone }); // 关闭数据库 释放数据库的链接 db.close(); } } /** * 查找数据库的操作 */ public boolean find(String name) { boolean result = false; SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person where name=?", new String[] { name }); if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { int index = cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"); // 得到phone在表中是第几列 String phone = cursor.getString(index); Log.i(TAG, "phone =" + phone); result = true; } // 记得关闭掉 cursor cursor.close(); result = false; // 释放数据库的链接 db.close(); } return result; } /** * 删除一条记录 * * @param name */ public void delete(String name) { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { db.execSQL("delete from person where name =?", new Object[] { name }); db.close(); } } /** * 更新一条记录 * */ public void update(String name, String newname, String newphone) { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { db.execSQL("update person set name=? , phone=? where name=?", new Object[] { newname, newphone, name }); db.close(); } } /** * 查找全部 */ public List<Person> getAllPersons() { List<Person> persons=null; SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { persons = new ArrayList<Person>(); Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person ", null); while (cursor.moveToNext()) { Person person = new Person(); int nameindex = cursor.getColumnIndex("name"); int phoneindex = cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"); String name = cursor.getString(nameindex); String phone = cursor.getString(phoneindex); person.setName(name); person.setNumber(phone); persons.add(person); } cursor.close(); db.close(); } return persons; } }
三、单元测试:测试dao
1.配置
instrumentation 和 uses-library <instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" //使用测试框架中的哪个测试运行器 android:targetPackage="cn.xiaoo.db" /> //测试哪个工程? <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" > <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" /> //该程序需要添加哪个jar包(用于测试)?
2.编程测试
package cn.itcast.db.dao.test; import java.util.List; import cn.itcast.db.dao.PersonDao; import cn.itcast.db.domain.Person; import android.test.AndroidTestCase; public class TestPersonDao extends AndroidTestCase { PersonDao dao; // 测试在执行测试代码时候的流程 //1 .new TestPersonDao 框架new出来 //2. 调用 setUp() //3. testAdd() 这个时候 上下文 才被创建出来 /* @Override protected void setUp() throws Exception { dao = new PersonDao(getContext()); super.setUp(); }*/ public void testAdd() throws Exception{ PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext()); ;i<;i++){ dao.add("+i); } } public void testdelete() throws Exception{ PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext()); dao.delete("lisi99"); } public void testupdate() throws Exception{ PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext()); dao.update("); } public void testFindAll() throws Exception{ PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext()); List<Person> persons = dao.getAllPersons(); assertEquals(, persons.size()); } /** * 测试的流程: */ /* [2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] ------------------------------ [2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] Android Launch! //系统启动 [2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] adb is running normally. //调试桥正常运行 [2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] Performing android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner JUnit launch //运行测试运行器,启动JUnit [2012-10-05 13:47:51 - db] Automatic Target Mode: using existing emulator 'emulator-5554' running compatible AVD '2.3.3_QVGA' [2012-10-05 13:47:53 - db] Application already deployed. No need to reinstall.//不需要重新安装 [2012-10-05 13:47:53 - db] Launching instrumentation android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner on device emulator-5554//在设备上运行测试运行器 [2012-10-05 13:47:53 - db] Collecting test information //收集运行信息 [2012-10-05 13:47:56 - db] Sending test information to Eclipse //发送测试信息到Eclipse [2012-10-05 13:47:56 - db] Running tests... //执行代码 [2012-10-05 13:47:58 - db] Test run finished //执行完毕 */ }
框架思想
思考:如何使得编程更加简单?
一条sql语句,容易写错;
操作表 insert into person (name,phone) values (?,?)---------public long insert(String table, String nullColumnHack, ContentValues values) delete from person where name =?---------------------public int delete(String table, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) update person set name=? , phone=? where name=?------public int update(String table, ContentValues values, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) select * from person where name=?--------------------public Cursor query(boolean distinct, String table, String[] columns, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String groupBy, String having, String orderBy, String limit) insert:在哪张表插入哪些数据?string string contentvalues delete:在哪张表删除哪些数据?String String String[] update:在哪张表的那条数据上更改什么数据? String ContentValues String String[] query:是否保证唯一?查哪张表?查哪些列? 什么查询条件?占位符值?分组? 包含?排序?区间? 操作数据库: CREATE TABLE person (personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar()) ALTER TABLE person ADD phone VARCHAR() NULL
怎办办?
1.使用占位符;
2.框架解析重建法:搭建框架,对增删改查功能进行单独封装,传入容器对象即可;
.原生: db.execSQL("insert into person (name,age) values ("xiaoli",20)"); .站位符:db.execSQL(}); .框架 : ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", name); values.put("age", age); db.insert("person", null, values); public void add(String name, int age) { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", name); values.put("age", age); // 如果 contentvalues为空 db.insert("person", null, values); // 组拼sql语句完成的添加的操作 // insert into person name values (NULL) ; db.close(); } }
最复杂的方法是查询:query
我们一起来看看底层是怎么封装的:
public static String buildQueryString( boolean distinct, String tables, String[] columns, String where, String groupBy, String having, String orderBy, String limit) { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(groupBy) && !TextUtils.isEmpty(having)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "HAVING clauses are only permitted when using a groupBy clause"); } if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(limit) && !sLimitPattern.matcher(limit).matches()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid LIMIT clauses:" + limit); } StringBuilder query = ); query.append("SELECT "); if (distinct) { query.append("DISTINCT "); } ) { appendColumns(query, columns); } else { query.append("* "); } query.append("FROM "); query.append(tables); appendClause(query, " WHERE ", where); appendClause(query, " GROUP BY ", groupBy); appendClause(query, " HAVING ", having); appendClause(query, " ORDER BY ", orderBy); appendClause(query, " LIMIT ", limit); return query.toString(); }
另一种增删改查:dao
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import cn.itcast.db.MyDBOpenHelper; import cn.itcast.db.domain.Person; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; public class PersonDBDao { private Context context; MyDBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper; public PersonDBDao(Context context) { this.context = context; dbOpenHelper = new MyDBOpenHelper(context); } /** * 添加一条记录 */ public void add(String name, int age) { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { // db.execSQL("insert into person (name,age) values (?,?)",new // Object[]{name,age}); // db.execSQL("insert into person ",null) // 不合法的sql语句 ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", name); values.put("age", age); // 如果 contentvalues为空 db.insert("person", null, values); // 组拼sql语句完成的添加的操作 // insert into person name values (NULL) ; db.close(); } } /** * 删除一条记录 */ public void delete(String name) { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { db.delete("person", "name=?", new String[] { name }); db.close(); } } /** * 数据库的更改操作 */ public void update(String name, String newname, int newage) { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", newname); values.put("age", newage); db.update("person", values, "name=?", new String[] { name }); db.close(); } } /** * 数据库的查询操作 */ public boolean find(String name) { boolean result = false; SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { // select * from person Cursor cursor = db.query("person", null, "name=?", new String[] { name }, null, null, null); if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { result = true; } cursor.close(); db.close(); } return result; } /** * 查询所有信息 */ public List<Person> findAll() { List<Person> persons = null; SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { Cursor cursor = db.query("person", null, null, null, null, null, null); persons = new ArrayList<Person>(); while (cursor.moveToNext()) { Person person = new Person(); String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name")); person.setName(name); int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age")); person.setAge(age); persons.add(person); } cursor.close(); db.close(); } return persons; } /** * 查询所有信息 */ public Cursor findAllbyCursor() { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { /*Cursor cursor = db.query("person", null, null, null, null, null, null);*/ Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select personid as _id,age,name from person", null); return cursor; // 注意了 一定不要把数据库 关闭了 } return null; } /** * 银行转账的方法 * 1.开始事务:db.beginTransaction(); * 2.设置事务成功:db.setTransactionSuccessful(); * 3.结束事务:db.endTransaction(); * 4.关闭连接:db.close(); */ public void transaction() { SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); if (db.isOpen()) { try { // 开启数据库的事务 db.beginTransaction(); // 给张三设置1000块钱的账户 db.execSQL("update person set account=? where name=?", , "zhangsan98" }); // 把张三的账户扣除200块钱 db.execSQL("update person set account=account-? where name=?", , "zhangsan98" }); // 出现了异常 // 把张三的钱给李四 //初始化李四账户 为 0 db.execSQL("update person set account=? where name=?", , "lisi" }); db.execSQL("update person set account=account+? where name=?", , "lisi" }); db.setTransactionSuccessful(); } // 显示的设置事务是否成功 catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } finally { db.endTransaction(); db.close(); } } } }