验证码大家都知道，它的作用也不用我多说了吧。如果不太清楚请参见百度百科中的解释，一般验证码的生成就是随机产生字符（数字、字母或者汉字等），然后将这些生成的字符绘制成一张图片，再在图片上加上一些干扰元素，如各种线条之类的。好了废话不多说一起往下看：
简单的登录页面（代码并不完整，只有验证码部分）
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>验证码</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
//刷新验证码的js函数
function changeCode() {
var imgNode = document.getElementById("vimg"); //重新加载验证码，达到刷新的目的
imgNode.src = "servlet/AuthImageServlet?t=" + Math.random(); // 防止浏览器缓存的问题
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="checkServlet" method="post">
<label>输入验证码</label><br/>
<input type="text" name="randomCode"/><img id="vimg" title="点击更换" onclick="changeCode();" src="servlet/AuthImageServlet"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
通过session.getAttribute("rand")，获得生成的验证码，然后跟用户输入的进行比较，再根据比较结果做相应的处理。
通过servlet生成验证码：
package com.util.servlet; import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random; import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class AuthImageServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=gb2312";
//设置字母的大小,大小
private Font mFont = new Font("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN, 17);
public void init() throws ServletException
{
super.init();
}
Color getRandColor(int fc,int bc)
{
Random random = new Random();
if(fc>255) fc=255;
if(bc>255) bc=255;
int r=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
int g=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
int b=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
return new Color(r,g,b);
} public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
{
response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
//表明生成的响应是图片
response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); int width=100, height=18;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
Random random = new Random();
g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
g.fillRect(1, 1, width-1, height-1);
g.setColor(new Color(102,102,102));
g.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);
g.setFont(mFont); g.setColor(getRandColor(160,200)); //画随机线
for (int i=0;i<155;i++)
{
int x = random.nextInt(width - 1);
int y = random.nextInt(height - 1);
int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
g.drawLine(x,y,x + xl,y + yl);
} //从另一方向画随机线
for (int i = 0;i < 70;i++)
{
int x = random.nextInt(width - 1);
int y = random.nextInt(height - 1);
int xl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
int yl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
g.drawLine(x,y,x - xl,y - yl);
} //生成随机数,并将随机数字转换为字母
String sRand="";
for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
{
int itmp = random.nextInt(26) + 65;
char ctmp = (char)itmp;
sRand += String.valueOf(ctmp);
g.setColor(new Color(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
g.drawString(String.valueOf(ctmp),15*i+10,16);
} HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
session.setAttribute("rand",sRand);
g.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
} }
web.xml中的servlet配置信息：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet>
<servlet-name>AuthImageServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.util.servlet.AuthImageServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>AuthImageServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/AuthImageServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
就这样验证码的功能就实现了，很简单、很实用。当然还有更加美观，更加严密的方式，有兴趣的朋友可以深入研究。这里就跟大家分享一个比较简单的方式。欢迎各位批评指正。