要求：
1.添加一个新的swap分区，大小为512MB，开机自动挂载，不用修改或移除其他已经存在的swap分区
2.创建一个逻辑卷：先创建一个名为datastore的卷组，大小为4G，逻辑卷名为database，所属卷组为datastore，逻辑卷大小为3G，将新建的逻辑卷格式化为xfs文件系统，开机自动挂载到/database
3.扩大database逻辑卷大小为4G
4.删除所有逻辑卷恢复到系统最初状
前提是确认我们已经安装好了LVM的包
[root@server ~]# rpm -qa | grep lvm
llvm-libs-9.0.1-4.module+el8.2.0+5887+847e8a86.x86_64
udisks2-lvm2-2.8.3-2.el8.x86_64
lvm2-2.03.08-3.el8.x86_64
libblockdev-lvm-2.19-12.el8.x86_64
lvm2-libs-2.03.08-3.el8.x86_64
一.首先我们创建一个新的swap分区，大小为512m
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sda //我们添加的SATA磁盘
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdf39d7d7
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 8e Linux LVM //目前只有一个分区
Command (m for help): n //创建新的分区
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (4196352-20971519, default 4196352):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4196352-20971519, default 20971519): +512M
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 512 MiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdf39d7d7
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda2 4196352 5244927 1048576 512M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 //格式改为swap
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.
Command (m for help): w //保存退出
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
[root@server ~]# mkswap /dev/sda2 //格式化
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 512 MiB (536866816 bytes)
no label, UUID=8cdf0601-beb6-4caf-8431-4adb7609d0c1
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/fstab //挂载
[root@server ~]# swapon /dev/sda2 //激活
二.我们和上题一样，先创建好了sda1和sdb1 2个2G的分区，并将其改为LVM格式（8e），用来整合为一个4G的卷组。
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sda //创建分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdf39d7d7
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda2 4196352 5244927 1048576 512M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //创建分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe6e5267c
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 8e Linux LVM
[root@server ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 //创建物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/sda1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@server ~]# vgcreate datastore /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 //创建卷组
Volume group "datastore" successfully created
[root@server ~]# lvcreate -n database -L 3G datastore //创建逻辑卷
Logical volume "database" created.
[root@server ~]# mkdir /database //创建挂载点
[root@server ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/datastore/database //格式化
[root@server ~]# mount /dev/datastore/database /database/ //挂载
三.扩展
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sda //先创建一个新的分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdf39d7d7
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda2 4196352 5244927 1048576 512M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 5244928 15730687 10485760 5G 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
[root@server ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 //再添加新的物理卷分区
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@server ~]# vgextend datastore /dev/sda3 //增加卷组
Volume group "datastore" successfully extended
[root@server ~]# lvextend -L +1G /dev/datastore/database //增加1G逻辑卷
Size of logical volume datastore/database changed from 3.00 GiB (768 extents) to 4.00 GiB (1024 extents).
Logical volume datastore/database successfully resized.
[root@server ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
database datastore -wi-a----- 4.00g //逻辑卷为4G
root rhel -wi-ao---- 10.00g
swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g
四.删除
删除的顺序是lv -> vg -> pv ->sda/sdb ->SATA
[root@server ~]# lvremove /dev/datastore/database //移除逻辑卷
Do you really want to remove active logical volume datastore/database? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "database" successfully removed
[root@server ~]# vgremove datastore //移除卷组
Volume group "datastore" successfully removed
[root@server ~]# pvremove /dev/sda1 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1 //移除物理卷
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda1" successfully wiped.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully wiped.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sda //移除分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (2,3, default 3): 3
Partition 3 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
最后我们手动移除磁盘就OK了。