ballerina编译器已经集成了部分安全检测，在编译时可以帮助我们生成错误提示，同时ballerina 标准库
已经对于常见漏洞高发的地方做了很好的处理，当我们编写了有安全隐患的代码，编译器就已经提示给
我们了。
常见的问题
- sql 注入
- path 操作
- file 操作
- 未授权文件访问
- 为校验的重定向
确保ballerina 标准库的安全
ballerina 标准库对于安全敏感的函数以及操作使用@sensitive 注解进行说明，可以确保容易出现漏洞的数据传递
给参数
比如,ballerina 标准库的select
public native function select(@sensitive string sqlQuery, typedesc? recordType,
boolean loadToMemory = false, Param... parameters)
returns @tainted table|error;安全的使用不可信数据
实际中我们肯定会碰到需要传递非可信数据，我们可以使用 untaint 表达式进行处理，同时对于返回值我们可以使用
@untainted 注解
参考
boolean isValid = isNumeric(studentId);
if (isValid) {
var dt = testDB->select("SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE ID = " +
untaint studentId, ResultStudent);
}
function sanitizeSortColumn (string columnName) returns @untainted string {
string sanitizedSortColumn = columnName;
// Sanitize logic to make sure return value is safe
return sanitizedSortColumn;
}
保护密码以及secret key
ballerina 提供了api 可以访问不同源的配置信息，对于配置文件中包含密码信息的必须加密
处理，框架提供了工具可以对于配置进行加密
ballerina encrypt
按照提示输入需要加密的名称，会生成一个加密key，我们可以使用配置文件，或者环境变量获取。
默认会找一个secret.txt的文件，里面存储了加密密钥，请求之后会自动删除，对于没有这个文件的
会提示输入密钥认证&&授权
ballerina 的 http 服务可以配置的方式增强认证以及授权，ballerina 支持jwt 以及basic 模式的认证，
使用basic模式时，用户信息可以通过配置文件加载，同时推荐使用https 方式进行数据访问，增强
安全性
- jwt 认证
可以通过http:AuthProvider 进行配置
参考
import ballerina/http;
http:AuthProvider jwtAuthProvider = {
scheme:"jwt",
issuer:"ballerina",
audience: "ballerina.io",
clockSkew:10,
certificateAlias: "ballerina",
trustStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaTruststore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
};
endpoint http:SecureListener secureHelloWorldEp {
port:9091,
authProviders:[jwtAuthProvider],
secureSocket: {
keyStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaKeystore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
}
};
@http:ServiceConfig {
basePath:"/hello"
}
service<http:Service> helloWorld bind secureHelloWorldEp {
@http:ResourceConfig {
methods:["GET"],
path:"/"
}
sayHello (endpoint caller, http:Request req) {
http:Response resp = new;
resp.setTextPayload("Hello, World!");
_ = caller->respond(resp);
}
}- http basic 认证
参考代码
import ballerina/http;
http:AuthProvider basicAuthProvider = {
scheme:"basic",
authStoreProvider:"config"
};
endpoint http:SecureListener secureHelloWorldEp {
port:9091,
authProviders:[basicAuthProvider],
secureSocket: {
keyStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaKeystore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
}
};
@http:ServiceConfig {
basePath:"/hello",
authConfig:{
scopes:["hello"]
}
}
service<http:Service> helloWorld bind secureHelloWorldEp {
@http:ResourceConfig {
methods:["GET"],
path:"/"
}
sayHello (endpoint caller, http:Request req) {
http:Response resp = new;
resp.setTextPayload("Hello, World!");
_ = caller->respond(resp);
}
}用户账户配置信息(通过配置文件)
sample-users.toml
["b7a.users"]
["b7a.users.generalUser"]
password="@encrypted:{pIQrB9YfCQK1eIWH5d6UaZXA3zr+60JxSBcpa2PY7a8=}"
["b7a.users.admin"]
password="@encrypted:{pIQrB9YfCQK1eIWH5d6UaZXA3zr+60JxSBcpa2PY7a8=}"
scopes="hello"加载配置
ballerina run --config sample-users.toml basic_auth_sample.bal- 说明
在认证服务的同时，我们可以配置scope，指定权限范围，还是比较方便的
下游服务的认证
实际上就是在client 端加载认证信息，方便调用
- 一个jwt client 的例子
import ballerina/http;
http:AuthProvider jwtAuthProvider = {
scheme:"jwt",
propagateToken: true,
issuer:"ballerina",
audience: "ballerina.io",
clockSkew:10,
certificateAlias: "ballerina",
trustStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaTruststore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
};
endpoint http:SecureListener secureHelloWorldEp {
port:9091,
authProviders:[jwtAuthProvider],
secureSocket: {
keyStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaKeystore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
}
};
endpoint http:Client downstreamServiceEP {
url: "https://localhost:9092",
auth: { scheme: http:JWT_AUTH },
secureSocket: {
trustStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaTruststore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
}
};
@http:ServiceConfig {
basePath:"/hello",
authConfig:{
scopes:["hello"]
}
}
service<http:Service> helloWorld bind secureHelloWorldEp {
@http:ResourceConfig {
methods:["GET"],
path:"/"
}
sayHello (endpoint caller, http:Request req) {
http:Response response = check downstreamServiceEP->get("/update-stats",
message = untaint req);
_ = caller->respond(response);
}
}
// ----------------------------------------------
// Following code creates the downstream service
// ----------------------------------------------
http:AuthProvider downstreamJwtAuthProvider = {
scheme:"jwt",
issuer:"ballerina",
audience: "ballerina.io",
clockSkew:10,
certificateAlias: "ballerina",
trustStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaTruststore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
};
endpoint http:SecureListener secureUpdateServiceEp {
port:9092,
authProviders:[downstreamJwtAuthProvider],
secureSocket: {
keyStore: {
path: "${ballerina.home}/bre/security/ballerinaKeystore.p12",
password: "ballerina"
}
}
};
@http:ServiceConfig {
basePath:"/update-stats"
}
service<http:Service> updateService bind secureUpdateServiceEp {
@http:ResourceConfig {
methods:["GET"],
path:"/"
}
updateStats (endpoint caller, http:Request req) {
http:Response resp = new;
resp.setTextPayload("Downstream Service Received JWT: " +
untaint req.getHeader("Authorization"));
_ = caller->respond(resp);
}
}说明
ballerina 的设计以及功能还是很方便的，功能很齐全。
参考资料
https://ballerina.io/learn/how-to-write-secure-ballerina-code/