大家好,我是冰河~~
最近在 K8S 1.18.2 版本的集群上搭建DevOps环境,期间遇到了各种坑。目前,搭建环境的过程中出现的各种坑均已被填平,特此记录,并分享给大家!文章有点长,全程实战,建议收藏!!文中涉及的yaml安装文件,大家可以私聊我获取。
服务器规划
IP | 主机名 | 节点 | 操作系统 |
---|---|---|---|
192.168.175.101 | binghe101 | K8S Master | CentOS 8.0.1905 |
192.168.175.102 | binghe102 | K8S Worker | CentOS 8.0.1905 |
192.168.175.103 | binghe103 | K8S Worker | CentOS 8.0.1905 |
安装环境版本
软件名称 | 软件版本 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
Docker | 19.03.8 | 提供容器环境 |
docker-compose | 1.25.5 | 定义和运行由多个容器组成的应用 |
K8S | 1.8.12 | 是一个开源的,用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用,Kubernetes的目标是让部署容器化的应用简单并且高效(powerful),Kubernetes提供了应用部署,规划,更新,维护的一种机制。 |
GitLab | 12.1.6 | 代码仓库(与SVN安装一个即可) |
Harbor | 1.10.2 | 私有镜像仓库 |
Jenkins | 2.89.3 | 持续集成交付 |
SVN | 1.10.2 | 代码仓库(与GitLab安装一个即可) |
JDK | 1.8.0_202 | Java运行基础环境 |
maven | 3.6.3 | 构建项目的基础插件 |
服务器免密码登录
在各服务器执行如下命令。
ssh-keygen -t rsa cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
将binghe102和binghe103服务器上的id_rsa.pub文件复制到binghe101服务器。
[root@binghe102 ~]# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub binghe101:/root/.ssh/102 [root@binghe103 ~]# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub binghe101:/root/.ssh/103
在binghe101服务器上执行如下命令。
cat ~/.ssh/102 >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys cat ~/.ssh/103 >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
然后将authorized_keys文件分别复制到binghe102、binghe103服务器。
[root@binghe101 ~]# scp .ssh/authorized_keys binghe102:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys [root@binghe101 ~]# scp .ssh/authorized_keys binghe103:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
删除binghe101节点上~/.ssh下的102和103文件。
rm ~/.ssh/102 rm ~/.ssh/103
安装JDK
需要在每台服务器上安装JDK环境。到Oracle官方下载JDK,我这里下的JDK版本为1.8.0_202,下载后解压并配置系统环境变量。
tar -zxvf jdk1.8.0_212.tar.gz mv jdk1.8.0_212 /usr/local
接下来,配置系统环境变量。
vim /etc/profile
配置项内容如下所示。
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212 CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export JAVA_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
接下来执行如下命令使系统环境变量生效。
source /etc/profile
安装Maven
到Apache官方下载Maven,我这里下载的Maven版本为3.6.3。下载后直接解压并配置系统环境变量。
tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz mv apache-maven-3.6.3-bin /usr/local
接下来,就是配置系统环境变量。
vim /etc/profile
配置项内容如下所示。
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212 MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export JAVA_HOME CLASS_PATH MAVEN_HOME PATH
接下来执行如下命令使系统环境变量生效。
source /etc/profile
接下来,修改Maven的配置文件,如下所示。
<localRepository>/home/repository</localRepository>
将Maven下载的Jar包存储到/home/repository目录下。
安装Docker环境
本文档基于Docker 19.03.8 版本搭建Docker环境。
在所有服务器上创建install_docker.sh脚本,脚本内容如下所示。
export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com dnf install yum* yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo dnf install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.2.13-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.8 docker-ce-cli-19.03.8 systemctl enable docker.service systemctl start docker.service docker version
在每台服务器上为install_docker.sh脚本赋予可执行权限,并执行脚本即可。
安装docker-compose
注意:在每台服务器上安装docker-compose
1.下载docker-compose文件
curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.5/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
2.为docker-compose文件赋予可执行权限
chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
3.查看docker-compose版本
[root@binghe ~]# docker-compose version docker-compose version 1.25.5, build 8a1c60f6 docker-py version: 4.1.0 CPython version: 3.7.5 OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l 10 Sep 2019
安装K8S集群环境
本文档基于K8S 1.8.12版本来搭建K8S集群
安装K8S基础环境
在所有服务器上创建install_k8s.sh脚本文件,脚本文件的内容如下所示。
#配置阿里云镜像加速器 mkdir -p /etc/docker tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker #安装nfs-utils yum install -y nfs-utils yum install -y wget #启动nfs-server systemctl start nfs-server systemctl enable nfs-server #关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld #关闭SeLinux setenforce 0 sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config # 关闭 swap swapoff -a yes | cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak cat /etc/fstab_bak |grep -v swap > /etc/fstab #修改 /etc/sysctl.conf # 如果有配置,则修改 sed -i "s#^net.ipv4.ip_forward.*#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1#g" /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1#g" /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1#g" /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1#g" /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1#g" /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1#g" /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1#g" /etc/sysctl.conf # 可能没有,追加 echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf # 执行命令以应用 sysctl -p # 配置K8S的yum源 cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF # 卸载旧版本K8S yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl # 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl,这里我安装的是1.18.2版本,你也可以安装1.17.2版本 yum install -y kubelet-1.18.2 kubeadm-1.18.2 kubectl-1.18.2 # 修改docker Cgroup Driver为systemd # # 将/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service文件中的这一行 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock # # 修改为 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd # 如果不修改,在添加 worker 节点时可能会碰到如下错误 # [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". # Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/ sed -i "s#^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.*#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd#g" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service # 设置 docker 镜像,提高 docker 镜像下载速度和稳定性 # 如果访问 https://hub.docker.io 速度非常稳定,亦可以跳过这个步骤 # curl -sSL https://kuboard.cn/install-script/set_mirror.sh | sh -s ${REGISTRY_MIRROR} # 重启 docker,并启动 kubelet systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet docker version
在每台服务器上为install_k8s.sh脚本赋予可执行权限,并执行脚本即可。
初始化Master节点
只在binghe101服务器上执行的操作。
1.初始化Master节点的网络环境
注意:下面的命令需要在命令行手动执行。
# 只在 master 节点执行 # export 命令只在当前 shell 会话中有效,开启新的 shell 窗口后,如果要继续安装过程,请重新执行此处的 export 命令 export MASTER_IP=192.168.175.101 # 替换 k8s.master 为 您想要的 dnsName export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master # Kubernetes 容器组所在的网段,该网段安装完成后,由 kubernetes 创建,事先并不存在于物理网络中 export POD_SUBNET=172.18.0.1/16 echo "${MASTER_IP} ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts
2.初始化Master节点
在binghe101服务器上创建init_master.sh脚本文件,文件内容如下所示。
#!/bin/bash # 脚本出错时终止执行 set -e if [ ${#POD_SUBNET} -eq 0 ] || [ ${#APISERVER_NAME} -eq 0 ]; then echo -e "\033[31;1m请确保您已经设置了环境变量 POD_SUBNET 和 APISERVER_NAME \033[0m" echo 当前POD_SUBNET=$POD_SUBNET echo 当前APISERVER_NAME=$APISERVER_NAME exit 1 fi # 查看完整配置选项 https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2 rm -f ./kubeadm-config.yaml cat <<EOF > ./kubeadm-config.yaml apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.18.2 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers controlPlaneEndpoint: "${APISERVER_NAME}:6443" networking: serviceSubnet: "10.96.0.0/16" podSubnet: "${POD_SUBNET}" dnsDomain: "cluster.local" EOF # kubeadm init # 根据服务器网速的情况,您需要等候 3 - 10 分钟 kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs # 配置 kubectl rm -rf /root/.kube/ mkdir /root/.kube/ cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config # 安装 calico 网络插件 # 参考文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.13/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises echo "安装calico-3.13.1" rm -f calico-3.13.1.yaml wget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/calico/calico-3.13.1.yaml kubectl apply -f calico-3.13.1.yaml
赋予init_master.sh脚本文件可执行权限并执行脚本。
3.查看Master节点的初始化结果
(1)确保所有容器组处于Running状态
# 执行如下命令,等待 3-10 分钟,直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态 watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
具体执行如下所示。
[root@binghe101 ~]# watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide Every 2.0s: kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide binghe101: Sun May 10 11:01:32 2020 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES calico-kube-controllers-5b8b769fcd-5dtlp 1/1 Running 0 118s 172.18.203.66 binghe101 <none> <none> calico-node-fnv8g 1/1 Running 0 118s 192.168.175.101 binghe101 <none> <none> coredns-546565776c-27t7h 1/1 Running 0 2m1s 172.18.203.67 binghe101 <none> <none> coredns-546565776c-hjb8z 1/1 Running 0 2m1s 172.18.203.65 binghe101 <none> <none> etcd-binghe101 1/1 Running 0 2m7s 192.168.175.101 binghe101 <none> <none> kube-apiserver-binghe101 1/1 Running 0 2m7s 192.168.175.101 binghe101 <none> <none> kube-controller-manager-binghe101 1/1 Running 0 2m7s 192.168.175.101 binghe101 <none> <none> kube-proxy-dvgsr 1/1 Running 0 2m1s 192.168.175.101 binghe101 <none> <none> kube-scheduler-binghe101 1/1 Running 0 2m7s 192.168.175.101 binghe101 <none> <none>
(2) 查看 Master 节点初始化结果
kubectl get nodes -o wide
具体执行如下所示。
[root@binghe101 ~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME binghe101 Ready master 3m28s v1.18.2 192.168.175.101 <none> CentOS Linux 8 (Core) 4.18.0-80.el8.x86_64 docker://19.3.8
初始化Worker节点
1.获取join命令参数
在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上执行如下命令获取join命令参数。
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
具体执行如下所示。
[root@binghe101 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command W0510 11:04:34.828126 56132 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io] kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d
其中,有如下一行输出。
kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d
这行代码就是获取到的join命令。
注意:join命令中的token的有效时间为 2 个小时,2小时内,可以使用此 token 初始化任意数量的 worker 节点。
2.初始化Worker节点
针对所有的 worker 节点执行,在这里,就是在binghe102服务器和binghe103服务器上执行。
在命令分别手动执行如下命令。
# 只在 worker 节点执行 # 192.168.175.101 为 master 节点的内网 IP export MASTER_IP=192.168.175.101 # 替换 k8s.master 为初始化 master 节点时所使用的 APISERVER_NAME export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master echo "${MASTER_IP} ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts # 替换为 master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令输出的join kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d
具体执行如下所示。
[root@binghe102 ~]# export MASTER_IP=192.168.175.101 [root@binghe102 ~]# export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master [root@binghe102 ~]# echo "${MASTER_IP} ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts [root@binghe102 ~]# kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d W0510 11:08:27.709263 42795 join.go:346] [preflight] WARNING: JoinControlPane.controlPlane settings will be ignored when control-plane flag is not set. [preflight] Running pre-flight checks [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path [preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster... [preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml' [kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.18" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet [kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap... This node has joined the cluster: * Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received. * The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details. Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
根据输出结果可以看出,Worker节点加入了K8S集群。
注意:kubeadm join…就是master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令输出的join。
3.查看初始化结果
在Master节点(binghe101服务器)执行如下命令查看初始化结果。
kubectl get nodes -o wide
具体执行如下所示。
[root@binghe101 ~]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION binghe101 Ready master 20m v1.18.2 binghe102 Ready <none> 2m46s v1.18.2 binghe103 Ready <none> 2m46s v1.18.2
注意:kubectl get nodes命令后面加上-o wide参数可以输出更多的信息。
重启K8S集群引起的问题
1.Worker节点故障不能启动
Master 节点的 IP 地址发生变化,导致 worker 节点不能启动。需要重新安装K8S集群,并确保所有节点都有固定的内网 IP 地址。
2.Pod崩溃或不能正常访问
重启服务器后使用如下命令查看Pod的运行状态。
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
发现很多 Pod 不在 Running 状态,此时,需要使用如下命令删除运行不正常的Pod。
kubectl delete pod <pod-name> -n <pod-namespece>
注意:如果Pod 是使用 Deployment、StatefulSet 等控制器创建的,K8S 将创建新的 Pod 作为替代,重新启动的 Pod 通常能够正常工作。
K8S安装ingress-nginx
注意:在Master节点(binghe101服务器上执行)
1.创建ingress-nginx命名空间
创建ingress-nginx-namespace.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: ingress-nginx labels: name: ingress-nginx
执行如下命令创建ingress-nginx命名空间。
kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx-namespace.yaml
2.安装ingress controller
创建ingress-nginx-mandatory.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: default-http-backend labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx template: metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx spec: terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60 containers: - name: default-http-backend # Any image is permissible as long as: # 1. It serves a 404 page at / # 2. It serves 200 on a /healthz endpoint image: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5 livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /healthz port: 8080 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 5 ports: - containerPort: 8080 resources: limits: cpu: 10m memory: 20Mi requests: cpu: 10m memory: 20Mi --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: default-http-backend namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx spec: ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 8080 selector: app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: nginx-configuration namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: tcp-services namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: udp-services namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - endpoints - nodes - pods - secrets verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - services verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - create - patch - apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses/status verbs: - update --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: Role metadata: name: nginx-ingress-role namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - pods - secrets - namespaces verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps resourceNames: # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>" # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>" # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller. - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx" verbs: - get - update - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps verbs: - create - apiGroups: - "" resources: - endpoints verbs: - get --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: nginx-ingress-role subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-ingress-controller namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx template: metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx annotations: prometheus.io/port: "10254" prometheus.io/scrape: "true" spec: serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount containers: - name: nginx-ingress-controller image: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/nginx-ingress-controller:0.20.0 args: - /nginx-ingress-controller - --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-http-backend - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io securityContext: capabilities: drop: - ALL add: - NET_BIND_SERVICE # www-data -> 33 runAsUser: 33 env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace ports: - name: http containerPort: 80 - name: https containerPort: 443 livenessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 10 periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 readinessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 ---
执行如下命令安装ingress controller。
kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx-mandatory.yaml
3.安装K8S SVC:ingress-nginx
主要是用来用于暴露pod:nginx-ingress-controller。
创建service-nodeport.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx spec: type: NodePort ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: 80 protocol: TCP nodePort: 30080 - name: https port: 443 targetPort: 443 protocol: TCP nodePort: 30443 selector: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
执行如下命令安装。
kubectl apply -f service-nodeport.yaml
4.访问K8S SVC:ingress-nginx
查看ingress-nginx命名空间的部署情况,如下所示。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE default-http-backend-796ddcd9b-vfmgn 1/1 Running 1 10h nginx-ingress-controller-58985cc996-87754 1/1 Running 2 10h
在命令行服务器命令行输入如下命令查看ingress-nginx的端口映射情况。
kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
具体如下所示。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE default-http-backend ClusterIP 10.96.247.2 <none> 80/TCP 7m3s ingress-nginx NodePort 10.96.40.6 <none> 80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP 4m35s
所以,可以通过Master节点(binghe101服务器)的IP地址和30080端口号来访问ingress-nginx,如下所示。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# curl 192.168.175.101:30080 default backend - 404
也可以在浏览器打开http://192.168.175.101:30080 来访问ingress-nginx,如下所示。
K8S安装gitlab代码仓库
注意:在Master节点(binghe101服务器上执行)
1.创建k8s-ops命名空间
创建k8s-ops-namespace.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: k8s-ops labels: name: k8s-ops
执行如下命令创建命名空间。
kubectl apply -f k8s-ops-namespace.yaml
2.安装gitlab-redis
创建gitlab-redis.yaml文件,文件的内容如下所示。
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: redis namespace: k8s-ops labels: name: redis spec: selector: matchLabels: name: redis template: metadata: name: redis labels: name: redis spec: containers: - name: redis image: sameersbn/redis imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ports: - name: redis containerPort: 6379 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /var/lib/redis name: data livenessProbe: exec: command: - redis-cli - ping initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 5 readinessProbe: exec: command: - redis-cli - ping initialDelaySeconds: 10 timeoutSeconds: 5 volumes: - name: data hostPath: path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/redis --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: redis namespace: k8s-ops labels: name: redis spec: ports: - name: redis port: 6379 targetPort: redis selector: name: redis
首先,在命令行执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/redis目录。
mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/redis
执行如下命令安装gitlab-redis。
kubectl apply -f gitlab-redis.yaml
3.安装gitlab-postgresql
创建gitlab-postgresql.yaml,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: postgresql namespace: k8s-ops labels: name: postgresql spec: selector: matchLabels: name: postgresql template: metadata: name: postgresql labels: name: postgresql spec: containers: - name: postgresql image: sameersbn/postgresql imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent env: - name: DB_USER value: gitlab - name: DB_PASS value: passw0rd - name: DB_NAME value: gitlab_production - name: DB_EXTENSION value: pg_trgm ports: - name: postgres containerPort: 5432 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql name: data livenessProbe: exec: command: - pg_isready - -h - localhost - -U - postgres initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 5 readinessProbe: exec: command: - pg_isready - -h - localhost - -U - postgres initialDelaySeconds: 5 timeoutSeconds: 1 volumes: - name: data hostPath: path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: postgresql namespace: k8s-ops labels: name: postgresql spec: ports: - name: postgres port: 5432 targetPort: postgres selector: name: postgresql
首先,执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql目录。
mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql
接下来,安装gitlab-postgresql,如下所示。
kubectl apply -f gitlab-postgresql.yaml
4.安装gitlab
(1)配置用户名和密码
首先,在命令行使用base64编码为用户名和密码进行转码,本示例中,使用的用户名为admin,密码为admin.1231
转码情况如下所示。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# echo -n 'admin' | base64 YWRtaW4= [root@binghe101 k8s]# echo -n 'admin.1231' | base64 YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==
转码后的用户名为:YWRtaW4= 密码为:YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==
也可以对base64编码后的字符串解码,例如,对密码字符串解码,如下所示。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# echo 'YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==' | base64 --decode admin.1231
接下来,创建secret-gitlab.yaml文件,主要是用户来配置GitLab的用户名和密码,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: namespace: k8s-ops name: git-user-pass type: Opaque data: username: YWRtaW4= password: YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==
执行配置文件的内容,如下所示。
kubectl create -f ./secret-gitlab.yaml
(2)安装GitLab
创建gitlab.yaml文件,文件的内容如下所示。
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: gitlab namespace: k8s-ops labels: name: gitlab spec: selector: matchLabels: name: gitlab template: metadata: name: gitlab labels: name: gitlab spec: containers: - name: gitlab image: sameersbn/gitlab:12.1.6 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent env: - name: TZ value: Asia/Shanghai - name: GITLAB_TIMEZONE value: Beijing - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_DB_KEY_BASE value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_SECRET_KEY_BASE value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_OTP_KEY_BASE value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string - name: GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD valueFrom: secretKeyRef: name: git-user-pass key: password - name: GITLAB_ROOT_EMAIL value: 12345678@qq.com - name: GITLAB_HOST value: gitlab.binghe.com - name: GITLAB_PORT value: "80" - name: GITLAB_SSH_PORT value: "30022" - name: GITLAB_NOTIFY_ON_BROKEN_BUILDS value: "true" - name: GITLAB_NOTIFY_PUSHER value: "false" - name: GITLAB_BACKUP_SCHEDULE value: daily - name: GITLAB_BACKUP_TIME value: 01:00 - name: DB_TYPE value: postgres - name: DB_HOST value: postgresql - name: DB_PORT value: "5432" - name: DB_USER value: gitlab - name: DB_PASS value: passw0rd - name: DB_NAME value: gitlab_production - name: REDIS_HOST value: redis - name: REDIS_PORT value: "6379" ports: - name: http containerPort: 80 - name: ssh containerPort: 22 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /home/git/data name: data livenessProbe: httpGet: path: / port: 80 initialDelaySeconds: 180 timeoutSeconds: 5 readinessProbe: httpGet: path: / port: 80 initialDelaySeconds: 5 timeoutSeconds: 1 volumes: - name: data hostPath: path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: gitlab namespace: k8s-ops labels: name: gitlab spec: ports: - name: http port: 80 nodePort: 30088 - name: ssh port: 22 targetPort: ssh nodePort: 30022 type: NodePort selector: name: gitlab --- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: gitlab namespace: k8s-ops annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik spec: rules: - host: gitlab.binghe.com http: paths: - backend: serviceName: gitlab servicePort: http
注意:在配置GitLab时,监听主机时,不能使用IP地址,需要使用主机名或者域名,上述配置中,我使用的是gitlab.binghe.com主机名。
在命令行执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab目录。
mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab
安装GitLab,如下所示。
kubectl apply -f gitlab.yaml
5.安装完成
查看k8s-ops命名空间部署情况,如下所示。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get pod -n k8s-ops NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE gitlab-7b459db47c-5vk6t 0/1 Running 0 11s postgresql-79567459d7-x52vx 1/1 Running 0 30m redis-67f4cdc96c-h5ckz 1/1 Running 1 10h
也可以使用如下命令查看。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get pod --namespace=k8s-ops NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE gitlab-7b459db47c-5vk6t 0/1 Running 0 36s postgresql-79567459d7-x52vx 1/1 Running 0 30m redis-67f4cdc96c-h5ckz 1/1 Running 1 10h
二者效果一样。
接下来,查看GitLab的端口映射,如下所示。
[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get svc -n k8s-ops NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE gitlab NodePort 10.96.153.100 <none> 80:30088/TCP,22:30022/TCP 2m42s postgresql ClusterIP 10.96.203.119 <none> 5432/TCP 32m redis ClusterIP 10.96.107.150 <none> 6379/TCP 10h
此时,可以看到,可以通过Master节点(binghe101)的主机名gitlab.binghe.com和端口30088就能够访问GitLab。由于我这里使用的是虚拟机来搭建相关的环境,在本机访问虚拟机映射的gitlab.binghe.com时,需要配置本机的hosts文件,在本机的hosts文件中加入如下配置项。
192.168.175.101 gitlab.binghe.com
注意:在Windows操作系统中,hosts文件所在的目录如下。
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
接下来,就可以在浏览器中通过链接:http://gitlab.binghe.com:30088 来访问GitLab了,如下所示。
此时,可以通过用户名root和密码admin.1231来登录GitLab了。
注意:这里的用户名是root而不是admin,因为root是GitLab默认的超级用户。
登录后的界面如下所示。
到此,K8S安装gitlab完成。
安装Harbor私有仓库
注意:这里将Harbor私有仓库安装在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上,实际生产环境中建议安装在其他服务器。
1.下载Harbor的离线安装版本
wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v1.10.2/harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.2.tgz
2.解压Harbor的安装包
tar -zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.2.tgz
解压成功后,会在服务器当前目录生成一个harbor目录。
3.配置Harbor
注意:这里,我将Harbor的端口修改成了1180,如果不修改Harbor的端口,默认的端口是80。
(1)修改harbor.yml文件
cd harbor vim harbor.yml
修改的配置项如下所示。
hostname: 192.168.175.101 http: port: 1180 harbor_admin_password: binghe123 ###并把https注释掉,不然在安装的时候会报错:ERROR:root:Error: The protocol is https but attribute ssl_cert is not set #https: #port: 443 #certificate: /your/certificate/path #private_key: /your/private/key/path
(2)修改daemon.json文件
修改/etc/docker/daemon.json文件,没有的话就创建,在/etc/docker/daemon.json文件中添加如下内容。
[root@binghe~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json { "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "insecure-registries":["192.168.175.101:1180"] }
也可以在服务器上使用 ip addr 命令查看本机所有的IP地址段,将其配置到/etc/docker/daemon.json文件中。这里,我配置后的文件内容如下所示。
{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "insecure-registries":["192.168.175.0/16","172.17.0.0/16", "172.18.0.0/16", "172.16.29.0/16", "192.168.175.101:1180"] }
4.安装并启动harbor
配置完成后,输入如下命令即可安装并启动Harbor
[root@binghe harbor]# ./install.sh
5.登录Harbor并添加账户
安装成功后,在浏览器地址栏输入http://192.168.175.101:1180打开链接,如下图所示。
输入用户名admin和密码binghe123,登录系统,如下图所示
接下来,我们选择用户管理,添加一个管理员账户,为后续打包Docker镜像和上传Docker镜像做准备。添加账户的步骤如下所示。
此处填写的密码为Binghe123。
点击确定后,如下所示。
此时,账户binghe还不是管理员,此时选中binghe账户,点击“设置为管理员”。
此时,binghe账户就被设置为管理员了。到此,Harbor的安装就完成了。
6.修改Harbor端口
如果安装Harbor后,大家需要修改Harbor的端口,可以按照如下步骤修改Harbor的端口,这里,我以将80端口修改为1180端口为例
(1)修改harbor.yml文件
cd harbor vim harbor.yml
修改的配置项如下所示。
hostname: 192.168.175.101 http: port: 1180 harbor_admin_password: binghe123 ###并把https注释掉,不然在安装的时候会报错:ERROR:root:Error: The protocol is https but attribute ssl_cert is not set #https: #port: 443 #certificate: /your/certificate/path #private_key: /your/private/key/path
(2)修改docker-compose.yml文件
vim docker-compose.yml
修改的配置项如下所示。
ports: - 1180:80
(3)修改config.yml文件
cd common/config/registry vim config.yml
修改的配置项如下所示。
realm: http://192.168.175.101:1180/service/token
(4)重启Docker
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker.service
(5)重启Harbor
[root@binghe harbor]# docker-compose down Stopping harbor-log ... done Removing nginx ... done Removing harbor-portal ... done Removing harbor-jobservice ... done Removing harbor-core ... done Removing redis ... done Removing registry ... done Removing registryctl ... done Removing harbor-db ... done Removing harbor-log ... done Removing network harbor_harbor [root@binghe harbor]# ./prepare prepare base dir is set to /mnt/harbor Clearing the configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf Clearing the configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/env Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/app.conf Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/root.crt Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/env Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/config.yml Clearing the configuration file: /config/db/env Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/env Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml Generated configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf Generated configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf Generated configuration file: /config/core/env Generated configuration file: /config/core/app.conf Generated configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml Generated configuration file: /config/registryctl/env Generated configuration file: /config/db/env Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/env Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml loaded secret from file: /secret/keys/secretkey Generated configuration file: /compose_location/docker-compose.yml Clean up the input dir [root@binghe harbor]# docker-compose up -d Creating network "harbor_harbor" with the default driver Creating harbor-log ... done Creating harbor-db ... done Creating redis ... done Creating registry ... done Creating registryctl ... done Creating harbor-core ... done Creating harbor-jobservice ... done Creating harbor-portal ... done Creating nginx ... done [root@binghe harbor]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
安装Jenkins(一般的做法)
1.安装nfs(之前安装过的话,可以省略此步)
使用 nfs 最大的问题就是写权限,可以使用 kubernetes 的 securityContext/runAsUser 指定 jenkins 容器中运行 jenkins 的用户 uid,以此来指定 nfs 目录的权限,让 jenkins 容器可写;也可以不限制,让所有用户都可以写。这里为了简单,就让所有用户可写了。
如果之前已经安装过nfs,则这一步可以省略。找一台主机,安装 nfs,这里,我以在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上安装nfs为例。
在命令行输入如下命令安装并启动nfs。
yum install nfs-utils -y systemctl start nfs-server systemctl enable nfs-server
2.创建nfs共享目录
在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上创建 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data目录作为nfs的共享目录,如下所示。
mkdir -p /opt/nfs/jenkins-data
接下来,编辑/etc/exports文件,如下所示。
vim /etc/exports
在/etc/exports文件文件中添加如下一行配置。
/opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24(rw,all_squash)
这里的 ip 使用 kubernetes node 节点的 ip 范围,后面的 all_squash 选项会将所有访问的用户都映射成 nfsnobody 用户,不管你是什么用户访问,最终都会压缩成 nfsnobody,所以只要将 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 的属主改为 nfsnobody,那么无论什么用户来访问都具有写权限。
这个选项在很多机器上由于用户 uid 不规范导致启动进程的用户不同,但是同时要对一个共享目录具有写权限时很有效。
接下来,为 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data目录授权,并重新加载nfs,如下所示。
chown -R 1000 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data/ systemctl reload nfs-server
在K8S集群中任意一个节点上使用如下命令进行验证:
showmount -e NFS_IP
如果能够看到 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 就表示 ok 了。
具体如下所示。
[root@binghe101 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.175.101 Export list for 192.168.175.101: /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24 [root@binghe102 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.175.101 Export list for 192.168.175.101: /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24
3.创建PV
Jenkins 其实只要加载对应的目录就可以读取之前的数据,但是由于 deployment 无法定义存储卷,因此我们只能使用 StatefulSet。
首先创建 pv,pv 是给 StatefulSet 使用的,每次 StatefulSet 启动都会通过 volumeClaimTemplates 这个模板去创建 pvc,因此必须得有 pv,才能供 pvc 绑定。
创建jenkins-pv.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: jenkins spec: nfs: path: /opt/nfs/jenkins-data server: 192.168.175.101 accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"] capacity: storage: 1Ti
我这里给了 1T存储空间,可以根据实际配置。
执行如下命令创建pv。
kubectl apply -f jenkins-pv.yaml
4.创建serviceAccount
创建service account,因为 jenkins 后面需要能够动态创建 slave,因此它必须具备一些权限。
创建jenkins-service-account.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: jenkins --- kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: jenkins rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["pods"] verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update", "watch"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["pods/exec"] verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update", "watch"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["pods/log"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] verbs: ["get"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: jenkins roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: jenkins subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: jenkins
上述配置中,创建了一个 RoleBinding 和一个 ServiceAccount,并且将 RoleBinding 的权限绑定到这个用户上。所以,jenkins 容器必须使用这个 ServiceAccount 运行才行,不然 RoleBinding 的权限它将不具备。
RoleBinding 的权限很容易就看懂了,因为 jenkins 需要创建和删除 slave,所以才需要上面这些权限。至于 secrets 权限,则是 https 证书。
执行如下命令创建serviceAccount。
kubectl apply -f jenkins-service-account.yaml
5.安装Jenkins
创建jenkins-statefulset.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: StatefulSet metadata: name: jenkins labels: name: jenkins spec: selector: matchLabels: name: jenkins serviceName: jenkins replicas: 1 updateStrategy: type: RollingUpdate template: metadata: name: jenkins labels: name: jenkins spec: terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10 serviceAccountName: jenkins containers: - name: jenkins image: docker.io/jenkins/jenkins:lts imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ports: - containerPort: 8080 - containerPort: 32100 resources: limits: cpu: 4 memory: 4Gi requests: cpu: 4 memory: 4Gi env: - name: LIMITS_MEMORY valueFrom: resourceFieldRef: resource: limits.memory divisor: 1Mi - name: JAVA_OPTS # value: -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+UseCGroupMemoryLimitForHeap -XX:MaxRAMFraction=1 -XshowSettings:vm -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.initialDelay=0 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN=50 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN0=0.85 value: -Xmx$(LIMITS_MEMORY)m -XshowSettings:vm -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.initialDelay=0 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN=50 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN0=0.85 volumeMounts: - name: jenkins-home mountPath: /var/jenkins_home livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /login port: 8080 initialDelaySeconds: 60 timeoutSeconds: 5 failureThreshold: 12 # ~2 minutes readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /login port: 8080 initialDelaySeconds: 60 timeoutSeconds: 5 failureThreshold: 12 # ~2 minutes # pvc 模板,对应之前的 pv volumeClaimTemplates: - metadata: name: jenkins-home spec: accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"] resources: requests: storage: 1Ti
jenkins 部署时需要注意它的副本数,你的副本数有多少就要有多少个 pv,同样,存储会有多倍消耗。这里我只使用了一个副本,因此前面也只创建了一个 pv。
使用如下命令安装Jenkins。
kubectl apply -f jenkins-statefulset.yaml
6.创建Service
创建jenkins-service.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: jenkins spec: # type: LoadBalancer selector: name: jenkins # ensure the client ip is propagated to avoid the invalid crumb issue when using LoadBalancer (k8s >=1.7) #externalTrafficPolicy: Local ports: - name: http port: 80 nodePort: 31888 targetPort: 8080 protocol: TCP - name: jenkins-agent port: 32100 nodePort: 32100 targetPort: 32100 protocol: TCP type: NodePort
使用如下命令安装Service。
kubectl apply -f jenkins-service.yaml
7.安装 ingress
jenkins 的 web 界面需要从集群外访问,这里我们选择的是使用 ingress。创建jenkins-ingress.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: jenkins spec: rules: - http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: jenkins servicePort: 31888 host: jekins.binghe.com
这里,需要注意的是host必须配置为域名或者主机名,否则会报错,如下所示。
The Ingress "jenkins" is invalid: spec.rules[0].host: Invalid value: "192.168.175.101": must be a DNS name, not an IP address
使用如下命令安装ingress。
kubectl apply -f jenkins-ingress.yaml
最后,由于我这里使用的是虚拟机来搭建相关的环境,在本机访问虚拟机映射的jekins.binghe.com时,需要配置本机的hosts文件,在本机的hosts文件中加入如下配置项。
192.168.175.101 jekins.binghe.com
注意:在Windows操作系统中,hosts文件所在的目录如下。
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
接下来,就可以在浏览器中通过链接:http://jekins.binghe.com:31888 来访问Jekins了。
物理机安装SVN
这里,以在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上安装SVN为例。
1.使用yum安装SVN
在命令行执行如下命令安装SVN。
yum -y install subversion
2.创建SVN库
依次执行如下命令。
#创建/data/svn mkdir -p /data/svn #初始化svn svnserve -d -r /data/svn #创建代码仓库 svnadmin create /data/svn/test
3.配置SVN
mkdir /data/svn/conf cp /data/svn/test/conf/* /data/svn/conf/ cd /data/svn/conf/ [root@binghe101 conf]# ll 总用量 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1080 5月 12 02:17 authz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 885 5月 12 02:17 hooks-env.tmpl -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 309 5月 12 02:17 passwd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4375 5月 12 02:17 svnserve.conf
- 配置authz文件,
vim authz
配置后的内容如下所示。
[aliases] # joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average [groups] # harry_and_sally = harry,sally # harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe SuperAdmin = admin binghe = admin,binghe # [/foo/bar] # harry = rw # &joe = r # * = # [repository:/baz/fuz] # @harry_and_sally = rw # * = r [test:/] @SuperAdmin=rw @binghe=rw
- 配置passwd文件
vim passwd
配置后的内容如下所示。
[users] # harry = harryssecret # sally = sallyssecret admin = admin123 binghe = binghe123
- 配置 svnserve.conf
vim svnserve.conf
配置后的文件如下所示。
### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you ### use it to allow access to this repository. (If you only allow ### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is ### irrelevant.) ### Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information. [general] ### The anon-access and auth-access options control access to the ### repository for unauthenticated (a.k.a. anonymous) users and ### authenticated users, respectively. ### Valid values are "write", "read", and "none". ### Setting the value to "none" prohibits both reading and writing; ### "read" allows read-only access, and "write" allows complete ### read/write access to the repository. ### The sample settings below are the defaults and specify that anonymous ### users have read-only access to the repository, while authenticated ### users have read and write access to the repository. anon-access = none auth-access = write ### The password-db option controls the location of the password ### database file. Unless you specify a path starting with a /, ### the file's location is relative to the directory containing ### this configuration file. ### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used. ### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file. password-db = /data/svn/conf/passwd ### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization ### rules for path-based access control. Unless you specify a path ### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the ### directory containing this file. The specified path may be a ### repository relative URL (^/) or an absolute file:// URL to a text ### file in a Subversion repository. If you don't specify an authz-db, ### no path-based access control is done. ### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file. authz-db = /data/svn/conf/authz ### The groups-db option controls the location of the file with the ### group definitions and allows maintaining groups separately from the ### authorization rules. The groups-db file is of the same format as the ### authz-db file and should contain a single [groups] section with the ### group definitions. If the option is enabled, the authz-db file cannot ### contain a [groups] section. Unless you specify a path starting with ### a /, the file's location is relative to the directory containing this ### file. The specified path may be a repository relative URL (^/) or an ### absolute file:// URL to a text file in a Subversion repository. ### This option is not being used by default. # groups-db = groups ### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository. ### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should ### have the same password database, and vice versa. The default realm ### is repository's uuid. realm = svn ### The force-username-case option causes svnserve to case-normalize ### usernames before comparing them against the authorization rules in the ### authz-db file configured above. Valid values are "upper" (to upper- ### case the usernames), "lower" (to lowercase the usernames), and ### "none" (to compare usernames as-is without case conversion, which ### is the default behavior). # force-username-case = none ### The hooks-env options specifies a path to the hook script environment ### configuration file. This option overrides the per-repository default ### and can be used to configure the hook script environment for multiple ### repositories in a single file, if an absolute path is specified. ### Unless you specify an absolute path, the file's location is relative ### to the directory containing this file. # hooks-env = hooks-env [sasl] ### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL ### library for authentication. Default is false. ### Enabling this option requires svnserve to have been built with Cyrus ### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line ### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.' # use-sasl = true ### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer ### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means ### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated ### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit ### encryption). The values below are the defaults. # min-encryption = 0 # max-encryption = 256
接下来,将/data/svn/conf目录下的svnserve.conf文件复制到/data/svn/test/conf/目录下。如下所示。
[root@binghe101 conf]# cp /data/svn/conf/svnserve.conf /data/svn/test/conf/ cp:是否覆盖'/data/svn/test/conf/svnserve.conf'? y
4.启动SVN服务
(1)创建svnserve.service服务
创建svnserve.service文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service
文件的内容如下所示。
[Unit] Description=Subversion protocol daemon After=syslog.target network.target Documentation=man:svnserve(8) [Service] Type=forking EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/svnserve #ExecStart=/usr/bin/svnserve --daemon --pid-file=/run/svnserve/svnserve.pid $OPTIONS ExecStart=/usr/bin/svnserve --daemon $OPTIONS PrivateTmp=yes [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
接下来执行如下命令使配置生效。
systemctl daemon-reload
命令执行成功后,修改 /etc/sysconfig/svnserve 文件。
vim /etc/sysconfig/svnserve
修改后的文件内容如下所示。
# OPTIONS is used to pass command-line arguments to svnserve. # # Specify the repository location in -r parameter: OPTIONS="-r /data/svn"
(2)启动SVN
首先查看SVN状态,如下所示。
[root@itence10 conf]# systemctl status svnserve.service ● svnserve.service - Subversion protocol daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:svnserve(8)
可以看到,此时SVN并没有启动,接下来,需要启动SVN。
systemctl start svnserve.service
设置SVN服务开机自启动。
systemctl enable svnserve.service
接下来,就可以下载安装TortoiseSVN,输入链接svn://192.168.175.101/test 并输入用户名binghe,密码binghe123来连接SVN了。
物理机安装Jenkins
注意:安装Jenkins之前需要安装JDK和Maven,我这里同样将Jenkins安装在Master节点(binghe101服务器)。
1.启用Jenkins库
运行以下命令以下载repo文件并导入GPG密钥:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo rpm --import https://jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins-ci.org.key
2.安装Jenkins
执行如下命令安装Jenkis。
yum install jenkins
接下来,修改Jenkins默认端口,如下所示。
vim /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
修改后的两项配置如下所示。
JENKINS_JAVA_CMD="/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212/bin/java" JENKINS_PORT="18080"
此时,已经将Jenkins的端口由8080修改为18080
3.启动Jenkins
在命令行输入如下命令启动Jenkins。
systemctl start jenkins
配置Jenkins开机自启动。
systemctl enable jenkins
查看Jenkins的运行状态。
[root@itence10 ~]# systemctl status jenkins ● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; generated) Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-05-12 04:33:40 EDT; 28s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Tasks: 71 (limit: 26213) Memory: 550.8M
说明,Jenkins启动成功。
配置Jenkins运行环境
1.登录Jenkins
首次安装后,需要配置Jenkins的运行环境。首先,在浏览器地址栏访问链接http://192.168.175.101:18080,打开Jenkins界面。
根据提示使用如下命令到服务器上找密码值,如下所示。
[root@binghe101 ~]# cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword 71af861c2ab948a1b6efc9f7dde90776
将密码71af861c2ab948a1b6efc9f7dde90776复制到文本框,点击继续。会跳转到自定义Jenkins页面,如下所示。
这里,可以直接选择“安装推荐的插件”。之后会跳转到一个安装插件的页面,如下所示。
此步骤可能有下载失败的情况,可直接忽略。
2.安装插件
需要安装的插件
-
Kubernetes Cli Plugin:该插件可直接在Jenkins中使用kubernetes命令行进行操作。
-
Kubernetes plugin: 使用kubernetes则需要安装该插件
-
Kubernetes Continuous Deploy Plugin:kubernetes部署插件,可根据需要使用
还有更多的插件可供选择,可点击 系统管理->管理插件进行管理和添加,安装相应的Docker插件、SSH插件、Maven插件。其他的插件可以根据需要进行安装。如下图所示。
3.配置Jenkins
(1)配置JDK和Maven
在Global Tool Configuration中配置JDK和Maven,如下所示,打开Global Tool Configuration界面。
接下来就开始配置JDK和Maven了。
由于我在服务器上将Maven安装在/usr/local/maven-3.6.3目录下,所以,需要在“Maven 配置”中进行配置,如下图所示。
接下来,配置JDK,如下所示。
注意:不要勾选“Install automatically”
接下来,配置Maven,如下所示。
注意:不要勾选“Install automatically”
(2)配置SSH
进入Jenkins的Configure System界面配置SSH,如下所示。
找到 SSH remote hosts 进行配置。
配置完成后,点击Check connection按钮,会显示 Successfull connection。如下所示。
至此,Jenkins的基本配置就完成了。
Jenkins发布Docker项目到K8s集群
1.调整SpringBoot项目的配置
实现,SpringBoot项目中启动类所在的模块的pom.xml需要引入打包成Docker镜像的配置,如下所示。
<properties> <docker.repostory>192.168.175.101:1180</docker.repostory> <docker.registry.name>test</docker.registry.name> <docker.image.tag>1.0.0</docker.image.tag> <docker.maven.plugin.version>1.4.10</docker.maven.plugin.version> </properties> <build> <finalName>test-starter</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <!-- docker的maven插件,官网:https://github.com/spotify/docker‐maven‐plugin --> <!-- Dockerfile maven plugin --> <plugin> <groupId>com.spotify</groupId> <artifactId>dockerfile-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${docker.maven.plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default</id> <goals> <!--如果package时不想用docker打包,就注释掉这个goal--> <goal>build</goal> <goal>push</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <contextDirectory>${project.basedir}</contextDirectory> <!-- harbor 仓库用户名及密码--> <useMavenSettingsForAuth>useMavenSettingsForAuth>true</useMavenSettingsForAuth> <repository>${docker.repostory}/${docker.registry.name}/${project.artifactId}</repository> <tag>${docker.image.tag}</tag> <buildArgs> <JAR_FILE>target/${project.build.finalName}.jar</JAR_FILE> </buildArgs> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <resources> <!-- 指定 src/main/resources下所有文件及文件夹为资源文件 --> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath> <includes> <include>**/*</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>
接下来,在SpringBoot启动类所在模块的根目录创建Dockerfile,内容示例如下所示。
#添加依赖环境,前提是将Java8的Docker镜像从官方镜像仓库pull下来,然后上传到自己的Harbor私有仓库中 FROM 192.168.175.101:1180/library/java:8 #指定镜像制作作者 MAINTAINER binghe #运行目录 VOLUME /tmp #将本地的文件拷贝到容器 ADD target/*jar app.jar #启动容器后自动执行的命令 ENTRYPOINT [ "java", "-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom", "-jar", "/app.jar" ]
根据实际情况,自行修改。
注意:FROM 192.168.175.101:1180/library/java:8的前提是执行如下命令。
docker pull java:8 docker tag java:8 192.168.175.101:1180/library/java:8 docker login 192.168.175.101:1180 docker push 192.168.175.101:1180/library/java:8
在SpringBoot启动类所在模块的根目录创建yaml文件,录入叫做test.yaml文件,内容如下所示。
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: test-starter labels: app: test-starter spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: test-starter template: metadata: labels: app: test-starter spec: containers: - name: test-starter image: 192.168.175.101:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0 ports: - containerPort: 8088 nodeSelector: clustertype: node12 --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: test-starter labels: app: test-starter spec: ports: - name: http port: 8088 nodePort: 30001 type: NodePort selector: app: test-starter
2.Jenkins配置发布项目
将项目上传到SVN代码库,例如地址为svn://192.168.175.101/test
接下来,在Jenkins中配置自动发布。步骤如下所示。
点击新建Item。
在描述文本框中输入描述信息。
接下来,配置SVN信息。
注意:配置GitLab的步骤与SVN相同,不再赘述。
定位到Jenkins的“构建模块”,使用Execute Shell来构建发布项目到K8S集群。
执行的命令依次如下所示。
#删除本地原有的镜像,不会影响Harbor仓库中的镜像 docker rmi 192.168.175.101:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0 #使用Maven编译、构建Docker镜像,执行完成后本地Docker容器中会重新构建镜像文件 /usr/local/maven-3.6.3/bin/mvn -f ./pom.xml clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true #登录 Harbor仓库 docker login 192.168.175.101:1180 -u binghe -p Binghe123 #上传镜像到Harbor仓库 docker push 192.168.175.101:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0 #停止并删除K8S集群中运行的 /usr/bin/kubectl delete -f test.yaml #将Docker镜像重新发布到K8S集群 /usr/bin/kubectl apply -f test.yaml
最后,文中涉及的yaml安装文件,大家可以私聊我获取。