1 CDC常见错误
1.1 Reconvergence
1.1.1 single_source_reconvergence
结构:同一个信号源头,两个同步处理器。这里提一下,有两个CDC分析工具的参数配置:
1.1.2 案列1:divergence_depths为0
// divergence point
always @ (posedge tx_clk)
ctrl <= ci0 | ci1 ;
// two_dff synchronizer
always @ (posedge rx_clk) begin: two_dff
reg temp;
temp <= ctrl;
two_dff_sync <= temp;
end
// shift_reg synchronizer
always @ (posedge rx_clk) begin: shift_reg
shift_reg_sync <= {shift_reg_sync[0], ctrl};
end
// reconvergence point
always @ (posedge rx_clk)
dout <= two_dff_sync ^ shift_reg_sync[1];
电路如下:divergence_depth为0
1.2 Redundant
案例1:
// two_dff synchronizer of tx_sig
always @ (posedge rx_clk) begin: two_dff
reg s0 , s1;
s0 <= tx_sig; // 1st flop
s1 <= s0; // 2nd flop
end
// two_dff synchronizer of tx_sig
always @ (posedge rx_clk) begin: shift_reg
reg [1:0] sh_reg;
sh_reg <= {sh_reg[0], tx_sig};
end
1.3 multi_sync_mux_select (DMUX)
MUX的sel端fan-in信号超过一组同步器,不推荐。通常MUX的sel端只能有一组同步器。
案例1:
always @(posedge rx_clk) begin
reg s1_sel1, s2_sel1;
reg [1:0] s_sel2;
s1_sel1 <= tx_sel1;
s2_sel1 <= s1_sel1;
s_sel2 <= {s_sel2[0], tx_sel2};
if (s_sel2[1] | s2_sel1)
rx_data <= tx_data;
end
电路如下:
1.4 combo_logic
1.4.1 错误案列1
always @ (posedge rx_clk) begin
s1 <= tx_sig & din;
s2 <= s1;
end
当然还有如下这种错误,除非additional logic全部是静态变量。
1.5 async_reset_no_sync(异步复位、同步撤离)
1.5.1 案列1
// Reset triggered by tx_clk
always @(posedge tx_clk)
tx_sig <= rst;
// Unsynchronized reset used in
// Rx domain
always @(posedge rx_clk,negedge tx_sig)
if (!tx_sig) rx_sig <= 1’b0;
else rx_sig <= din;
1.5.2 错误案列2
// Reset triggered by tx_clk
always @(posedge tx_clk)
tx_sig <= rst;
// Improperly synchronized reset used
// in Rx domain
always @(posedge rx_clk,negedge tx_sig)
if (!tx_sig) rx_reset <= 1’b0;
else rx_reset <= 1’b1;
正确的结构如下:
1.6 dff_sync_gated_clk
案列1,与门做时钟gating有毛刺,需要clock gating cell。
// gated clock expression
assign gclk = rx_clk & clk_en;
always @(posedge gclk)
sync1 <= tx_sig; // 1st DFF
always @(posedge rx_clk)
sync2 <= sync1; // 2nd DFF
1.7 fanin_different_clks
同步器的输入由两个异步时钟域的组合逻辑构成,如下图所示:(还有combo logic)
值得注意的是,如果sig_a或者sig_b中有一个信号是stable静态变量,那么上图结构的电路就不会被报fanin_different_clks或者combo_logic错误。
假设有sig_a、sig_b、sig_c三个信号及以上的fan_in呢?抛开静态变量后,
若所有信号都是同一个时钟域,CDC错误类型就是combo_logic;
若所有信号来自至少2个时钟域,CDC错误类型就是fanin_different_clks;
举个例子,如下图:
上图电路仍会报fanin_different_clks,但是电路确实是设计者的意图,我们只需要将TEST时钟域的test_sel设置为常数0即可。
1.7.1 案列1
always @ (posedge tx1_clk)
tx1_sig <= in1;
always @ (posedge tx2_clk)
tx2_sig <= in2;
always @ (posedge rx_clk) begin
sync0 <= tx1_sig | tx2_sig;
sync1 <= sync0;
end
时间不早了,暂写到这里,后续接着完善。
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