golang 结构体中的匿名接口

golang 结构体中的匿名接口

代码示例

golang 中,可以给结构体增加匿名field,可参考 unknwon 大神的书。

匿名字段和内嵌结构体

但,golang同时也可以给结构体定义一个匿名interface field,用法:

标准库 sort 中,有下面的写法:

type Interface interface {
Len() int
Less(i, j int) bool
Swap(i, j int)
} type reverse struct {
Interface
} func (r reverse) Less(i, j int) bool {
return r.Interface.Less(j, i)
} func Reverse(data Interface) Interface {
return &reverse{data}
}

reverse结构体内嵌了一个Interface的interface,并且,提供了单独的Less函数定义。

却没有提供 Len, Swap 的定义。

首先,根据结构体内嵌其它匿名字段的定义,可以推知,理论上,调用reverse.Len, reverse.Swap

肯定是会直接传递到 reverse.Interface.Lenreverse.Interface.Swap

即,和直接调用Interface的同名函数没有任何区别。

但,reverse提供了单独的Less函数,它的实现是颠倒了i,j参数,仍然送入到Interface.Less中去,

那么,得出的结果与直接使用Interface排序的结果,肯定是相反的。

为什么如此设计?

Meaning of a struct with embedded anonymous interface?

摘录其中比较关键的解释如下:

  1. In this way reverse implements the sort.Interface and we can override a specific method without having to define all the others.
  2. 结构体创建时,可以使用任何实现了Interface的obj来初始化,参考:
package main

import "fmt"

// some interface
type Stringer interface {
String() string
} // a struct that implements Stringer interface
type Struct1 struct {
field1 string
} func (s Struct1) String() string {
return s.field1
} // another struct that implements Stringer interface, but has a different set of fields
type Struct2 struct {
field1 []string
dummy bool
} func (s Struct2) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("%v, %v", s.field1, s.dummy)
} // container that can embedd any struct which implements Stringer interface
type StringerContainer struct {
Stringer
} func main() {
// the following prints: This is Struct1
fmt.Println(StringerContainer{Struct1{"This is Struct1"}})
// the following prints: [This is Struct1], true
fmt.Println(StringerContainer{Struct2{[]string{"This", "is", "Struct1"}, true}})
// the following does not compile:
// cannot use "This is a type that does not implement Stringer" (type string)
// as type Stringer in field value:
// string does not implement Stringer (missing String method)
fmt.Println(StringerContainer{"This is a type that does not implement Stringer"})
}
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