基于注解配置的Spring MVC 简单的HelloWorld实例应用

2.1 问题

使用注解的方式重构helloworld应用案例。

2.2 方案

1. @RequestMapping注解应用

@RequestMapping可以用在类定义和方法定义上,它标明这个类或方法与哪一个客户请求对应。实例代码如下:

 
@RequestMapping("/day01")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello.form")
public String execute() throws Exception {
return "hello";
}
}
 

2. 开启@RequestMapping注解映射,需要在Spring的XML配置文件进行配置,配置代码如下:

<mvc:annotation-driven/>

3. @Controller注解应用

推荐使用@Controller注解声明Controller组件,这样可以使得Controller定义更加灵活,可以不用实现Controller接口,请求处理的方法也可以灵活定义。代码如下:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/day01")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello.form")
public String execute() throws Exception {
return "hello";
}
}
 

4. 为了使@Controller注解生效,需要在Spring的XML配置文件中开启组件扫描定义,并指定Controller组件所在包,配置代码如下:

 <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc.controller"/>

使用的环境是eclipse ,jdk7.0 ,Tomcat 7.0,导入Spring依赖包。

2.3 步骤

步骤一: 新建一个新工程,工程名为SpringControler,如图下:

基于注解配置的Spring MVC 简单的HelloWorld实例应用

步骤二:增加HelloController类

使用注解的方式,修改HelloController类,代码如下所示:

package com.souvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/day01")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello.form")
public String execute() throws Exception {
return "hello";
}
}

步骤三:spring-mvc.xml的配置

在spring-mvc.xml文件中,开启@RequestMapping注解映射以及组件扫描,代码如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc.controller"/> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 定义视图解析器ViewResolver -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean> </beans>

web.xml 文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<!-- 指定Spring的配置文件 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.form</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

步骤四:测试

通过地址“http://localhost:8080/SpringControler/day01/hello.form”访问HelloController:

基于注解配置的Spring MVC 简单的HelloWorld实例应用
 
源码如下:http://yunpan.cn/cm3CqEXD9TeJf  访问密码 2d10
 
 
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