以下内容需要直方图均衡化、规定化知识
均衡化：https://blog.csdn.net/macunshi/article/details/79815870
规定化：https://blog.csdn.net/macunshi/article/details/79819263
直方图均衡化应用：
图像直方图均衡化能拉伸灰度图，让像素值均匀分布在0,255之间，使图像看起来不会太亮或太暗，常用于图像增强；
直方图规定化应用：
举个例子，当我们需要对多张图像进行拼接时，我们希望这些图片的亮度、饱和度保持一致，事实上就是让它们的直方图分布一致，这时就需要直方图规定化。
直方图规定化与均衡化的思想一致，事实上就是找到各个灰度级别的映射关系。具体实现的过程中一般会选一个参考图像记为A，找到A的直方图与目标图像的直方图的映射关系，从而找到目标图像的像素以A为“参考”时的映射关系。
具体实现可参考文中链接（看完茅塞顿开）
基于python利用直方图规定化统一图像风格
参考图像
原始图像（第一行）/处理后的图像（第二行）
源码：
import os
import cv2
import numpy as np def get_map(Hist):
# 计算概率分布Pr
sum_Hist = sum(Hist)
Pr = Hist/sum_Hist
# 计算累计概率Sk
Sk = []
temp_sum = 0
for n in Pr:
temp_sum = temp_sum + n
Sk.append(temp_sum)
Sk = np.array(Sk)
# 计算映射关系img_map
img_map = []
for m in range(256):
temp_map = int(255*Sk[m] + 0.5)
img_map.append(temp_map)
img_map = np.array(img_map)
return img_map def get_off_map(map_): # 计算反向映射，寻找最小期望
map_2 = list(map_)
off_map = []
temp_pre = 0 # 如果循环开始就找不到映射时，默认映射为0
for n in range(256):
try:
temp1 = map_2.index(n)
temp_pre = temp1
except BaseException:
temp1 = temp_pre # 找不到映射关系时，近似取向前最近的有效映射值
off_map.append(temp1)
off_map = np.array(off_map)
return off_map def get_infer_map(infer_img):
infer_Hist_b = cv2.calcHist([infer_img], [0], None, [256], [0,255])
infer_Hist_g = cv2.calcHist([infer_img], [1], None, [256], [0,255])
infer_Hist_r = cv2.calcHist([infer_img], [2], None, [256], [0,255])
infer_b_map = get_map(infer_Hist_b)
infer_g_map = get_map(infer_Hist_g)
infer_r_map = get_map(infer_Hist_r)
infer_b_off_map = get_off_map(infer_b_map)
infer_g_off_map = get_off_map(infer_g_map)
infer_r_off_map = get_off_map(infer_r_map)
return [infer_b_off_map, infer_g_off_map, infer_r_off_map] def get_finalmap(org_map, infer_off_map): # 计算原始图像到最终输出图像的映射关系
org_map = list(org_map)
infer_off_map = list(infer_off_map)
final_map = []
for n in range(256):
temp1 = org_map[n]
temp2 = infer_off_map[temp1]
final_map.append(temp2)
final_map = np.array(final_map)
return final_map def get_newimg(img_org, org2infer_maps):
w, h, _ = img_org.shape
b, g ,r =cv2.split(img_org)
for i in range(w):
for j in range(h):
temp1 = b[i,j]
b[i,j] = org2infer_maps[0][temp1]
for i in range(w):
for j in range(h):
temp1 = g[i,j]
g[i,j] = org2infer_maps[1][temp1]
for i in range(w):
for j in range(h):
temp1 = r[i,j]
r[i,j] = org2infer_maps[2][temp1]
newimg = cv2.merge([b,g,r])
return newimg def get_new_img(img_org, infer_map):
org_Hist_b = cv2.calcHist([img_org], [0], None, [256], [0,255])
org_Hist_g = cv2.calcHist([img_org], [1], None, [256], [0,255])
org_Hist_r = cv2.calcHist([img_org], [2], None, [256], [0,255])
org_b_map = get_map(org_Hist_b)
org_g_map = get_map(org_Hist_g)
org_r_map = get_map(org_Hist_r)
org2infer_map_b = get_finalmap(org_b_map, infer_map[0])
org2infer_map_g = get_finalmap(org_g_map, infer_map[1])
org2infer_map_r = get_finalmap(org_r_map, infer_map[2])
return get_newimg(img_org, [org2infer_map_b, org2infer_map_g, org2infer_map_r]) if __name__ == "__main__":
dstroot = './imgs'
infer_img_path = './abc.png'
infer_img = cv2.imread(infer_img_path)
outroot = './out1'
infer_map = get_infer_map(infer_img) # 计算参考映射关系
dstlist = os.listdir(dstroot)
for n in dstlist:
img_path = os.path.join(dstroot, n)
print(img_path)
img_org = cv2.imread(img_path)
new_img = get_new_img(img_org, infer_map) # 根据映射关系获得新的图像
new_path = os.path.join(outroot, n)
cv2.imwrite(new_path, new_img)