- 存储过程
- 是用来执行管理任务或应用复杂的业务规则,
- 存储过程中可以包含逻辑控制语句和数据操纵语句,它可以接受参数、输出参数、返回单个或多个结果集以及返回值。
- 存储过程的优点
- 存储过程已在服务器注册
- 执行速度更快
- 允许模块化程序设计
- 提高系统安全性 减少网络流通量
- 系统存储过程
- 由系统定义,存放在master数据库中
- 系统存储过程的名称都以“sp_”开头或“xp_”开头
- 常见的系统存储过程
exec sp_databases; --查看数据库
exec sp_tables; --查看表
exec sp_columns student;--查看列
exec sp_helpIndex student;--查看索引
exec sp_helpConstraint student;--约束
exec sp_stored_procedures;
exec sp_helptext 'sp_stored_procedures';--查看存储过程创建、定义语句
exec sp_rename student, stuInfo;--修改表、索引、列的名称
exec sp_renamedb myTempDB, myDB;--更改数据库名称
exec sp_defaultdb 'master', 'myDB';--更改登录名的默认数据库
exec sp_helpdb;--数据库帮助,查询数据库信息
exec sp_helpdb master;
- 扩充存储过程
- 可以执行DOS命令下的一些的操作
- 以文本行方式返回任何输出
- 调用语法: EXEC xp_cmdshell DOS命令 [NO_OUTPUT]
- 启动方法:
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO - 示例:
/*创建数据库bankDB,要求保存在D:\bank
*/ USE master
GO
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'mkdir d:\bank', NO_OUTPUT
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysdatabases
WHERE name='bankDB')
DROP DATABASE bankDB
GO
CREATE DATABASE bankDB
(
…
)
GO
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'dir D:\bank\' --查看文件
- 定义存储过程的语法
CREATE PROC[DEURE] 存储过程名
@参数1 数据类型 = 默认值 [OUTPUT],
@参数2 数据类型 = 默认值 [OUTPUT],
...
@参数n 数据类型 = 默认值 [OUTPUT] AS SQL语句 GO
- 调用存储过程
EXEC 过程名 [参数]
- 用户自定义存储过程
- 创建不带参数存储过程
--创建存储过程
if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'proc_get_student'))
drop proc proc_get_student
go
create proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student; --调用、执行存储过程
exec proc_get_student; - 修改存储过程
--修改存储过程
alter proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student; - 带参存储过程
--带参存储过程
if (object_id('proc_find_stu', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_find_stu
go
create proc proc_find_stu(@startId int, @endId int)
as
select * from student where id between @startId and @endId
go exec proc_find_stu 2, 4; - 带通配符参数存储过程
--带通配符参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_findStudentByName', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_findStudentByName
go
create proc proc_findStudentByName(@name varchar(20) = '%j%', @nextName varchar(20) = '%')
as
select * from student where name like @name and name like @nextName;
go exec proc_findStudentByName;
exec proc_findStudentByName '%o%', 't%'; - 带输出参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_getStudentRecord', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_getStudentRecord
go
create proc proc_getStudentRecord(
@id int, --默认输入参数
@name varchar(20) out, --输出参数
@age varchar(20) output--输入输出参数
)
as
select @name = name, @age = age from student where id = @id and sex = @age;
go --
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@temp varchar(20);
set @id = 7;
set @temp = 1;
exec proc_getStudentRecord @id, @name out, @temp output;
select @name, @temp;
print @name + '#' + @temp; - 不缓存存储过程
--WITH RECOMPILE 不缓存
if (object_id('proc_temp', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp
go
create proc proc_temp
with recompile
as
select * from student;
go exec proc_temp; - 加密存储过程
--加密WITH ENCRYPTION
if (object_id('proc_temp_encryption', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp_encryption
go
create proc proc_temp_encryption
with encryption
as
select * from student;
go exec proc_temp_encryption;
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp';
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp_encryption'; -
带游标参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_cursor', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc proc_cursor
@cur cursor varying output
as
set @cur = cursor forward_only static for
select id, name, age from student;
open @cur;
go
--调用
declare @exec_cur cursor;
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@age int;
exec proc_cursor @cur = @exec_cur output;--调用存储过程
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
while (@@fetch_status = 0)
begin
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
print 'id: ' + convert(varchar, @id) + ', name: ' + @name + ', age: ' + convert(char, @age);
end
close @exec_cur;
deallocate @exec_cur;--删除游标 -
分页存储过程
---存储过程、row_number完成分页
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc pro_page
@startIndex int,
@endIndex int
as
select count(*) from product
;
select * from (
select row_number() over(order by pid) as rowId, * from product
) temp
where temp.rowId between @startIndex and @endIndex
go
--drop proc pro_page
exec pro_page 1, 4
--
--分页存储过程
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
drop proc pro_stu
go
create procedure pro_stu(
@pageIndex int,
@pageSize int
)
as
declare @startRow int, @endRow int
set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize +1
set @endRow = @startRow + @pageSize -1
select * from (
select *, row_number() over (order by id asc) as number from student
) t
where t.number between @startRow and @endRow; exec pro_stu 2, 2;
- 删除存储过程
DROP PROC[EDURE] 过程名