1. pwd - 打印当前工作目录
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# pwd
/root
2. cd - Change the shell working directory.
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@VM_0_171_centos local]# cd .
[root@VM_0_171_centos local]# cd ..
[root@VM_0_171_centos usr]# cd -
/usr/local
[root@VM_0_171_centos local]# cd
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
3. ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
OPTIONS
-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..
-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable
with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
--sort=WORD
sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v),extension (-X)
-l use a long listing format
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
EXAMPLES
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1410 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Epel.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -la /etc/yum.repos.d/
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 3月 16 20:18 .
drwxr-xr-x. 90 root root 4096 4月 4 23:32 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1410 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Epel.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -lr /etc/yum.repos.d/
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1410 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Base.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -i /etc/yum.repos.d/
458776 CentOS-Base.repo 458777 CentOS-Epel.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
4. stat - display file or file system status
5. touch - change file timestamps
SYNOPSIS
touch [OPTION]... FILE...
特殊用法：不加选项时，则创建文件
OPTIONS
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create do not create any files（指定的文件路径不存在时不予创建）
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time（如果加了时间字符串则不使用当前时间）
-h, --no-dereference 只作用于软链接而非链接文件
-m change only the modification time
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time（如果加了时间戳则不使用当前时间）
EXAMPLES
6. mkdir - make directories
SYNOPSIS
mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
OPTIONS
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z set SELinux security context of each created directory to the default type
EXAMPLES
7. mv - move (rename) files
移动文件或者重命名文件（在同一目录下移动即重命名）
1.mv 文件 文件|目录
2.mv 多个文件 目录（移动到目标目录下）
3.mv 目录 目录（移动到目标目录下）
SYNOPSIS
mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
OPTIONS
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-Z, --context set SELinux security context of destination file to default type
EXAMPLES
当前目录下有2个字目录mydir1，mydir2，mydir1中有a,b,c三个文件，mydir2中有d,e,f三个文件：
1.将mydir1/a移动至mydir2，文件名改为aa
2.将mydir2/aa移动至mydir1
3.将mydir1下的所有文件移动至mydir2
4.将mydir2及其下的所有文件移动至mydir1
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
│ ├── a
│ ├── b
│ └── c
└── mydir2
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir1/a mydir2/aa
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
│ ├── b
│ └── c
└── mydir2
├── aa
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir2/aa mydir1
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
│ ├── aa
│ ├── b
│ └── c
└── mydir2
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir1/* mydir2
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
└── mydir2
├── aa
├── b
├── c
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir2 mydir1
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
└── mydir1
└── mydir2
├── aa
├── b
├── c
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
8. cp - copy files and directories
SYNOPSIS
cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
OPTIONS
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the -n option is also used)
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --link hard link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
-c deprecated, same as --preserve=context
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
-R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively
--sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files. See below
--strip-trailing-slashes
remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update
copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-Z set SELinux security context of destination file to default type
EXAMPLES
用法与mv类似
9. rm - remove files or directories
删除文件或目录
SYNOPSIS
rm [OPTION]... FILE...
OPTIONS
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or when removing recursively; less intrusive than -i, while still giving protection against most mistakes
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively（递归）
EXAMPLES
rm -rf 文件或目录（习惯用法）
10. file - determine file type
识别文件类型，辨别文件编码格式。
它通过查看文件的头部信息获取文件类型，而不是像windows通过扩展名来确定文件类型，linux中文件名的后缀只是辅助识别文件类型（规范），并不能真正决定文件的类型。
EXAMPLES
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# file anaconda-ks.cfg
anaconda-ks.cfg: ASCII text