Android Bitmap 相关操作
常见的几个操作:缩放,裁剪,旋转,偏移
很多操作需要 Matrix 来支持;Matrix 通过矩阵来处理位图,计算出各个像素点的位置,从而把bitmap显示出来。
matrix里有一个3x3的矩阵,用于图像处理:
MSCALE_X MSKEW_X MTRANS_X
MSKEW_Y MSCALE_Y MTRANS_Y
MPERSP_0 MPERSP_1 MPERSP_2
根据变量名能猜出具体的用途:
缩放X 偏移X 平移X
偏移Y 缩放Y 平移Y
透视0 透视1 透视2
matrix的操作有set,pre和post;set能够直接设置矩阵中的数值;pre类似于矩阵左乘;post类似与矩阵中的右乘
原bitmap经过计算后,会重新生成一张bitmap
代码片段:
/**
* 根据给定的宽和高进行拉伸
*
* @param origin 原图
* @param newWidth 新图的宽
* @param newHeight 新图的高
* @return new Bitmap
*/
private Bitmap scaleBitmap(Bitmap origin, int newWidth, int newHeight) {
if (origin == null) {
return null;
}
int height = origin.getHeight();
int width = origin.getWidth();
float scaleWidth = ((float) newWidth) / width;
float scaleHeight = ((float) newHeight) / height;
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.postScale(scaleWidth, scaleHeight);// 使用后乘
Bitmap newBM = Bitmap.createBitmap(origin, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, false);
if (!origin.isRecycled()) {
origin.recycle();
}
return newBM;
} /**
* 按比例缩放图片
*
* @param origin 原图
* @param ratio 比例
* @return 新的bitmap
*/
private Bitmap scaleBitmap(Bitmap origin, float ratio) {
if (origin == null) {
return null;
}
int width = origin.getWidth();
int height = origin.getHeight();
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.preScale(ratio, ratio);
Bitmap newBM = Bitmap.createBitmap(origin, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, false);
if (newBM.equals(origin)) {
return newBM;
}
origin.recycle();
return newBM;
} /**
* 裁剪
*
* @param bitmap 原图
* @return 裁剪后的图像
*/
private Bitmap cropBitmap(Bitmap bitmap) {
int w = bitmap.getWidth(); // 得到图片的宽,高
int h = bitmap.getHeight();
int cropWidth = w >= h ? h : w;// 裁切后所取的正方形区域边长
cropWidth /= 2;
int cropHeight = (int) (cropWidth / 1.2);
return Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, w / 3, 0, cropWidth, cropHeight, null, false);
} /**
* 选择变换
*
* @param origin 原图
* @param alpha 旋转角度,可正可负
* @return 旋转后的图片
*/
private Bitmap rotateBitmap(Bitmap origin, float alpha) {
if (origin == null) {
return null;
}
int width = origin.getWidth();
int height = origin.getHeight();
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.setRotate(alpha);
// 围绕原地进行旋转
Bitmap newBM = Bitmap.createBitmap(origin, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, false);
if (newBM.equals(origin)) {
return newBM;
}
origin.recycle();
return newBM;
} /**
* 偏移效果
* @param origin 原图
* @return 偏移后的bitmap
*/
private Bitmap skewBitmap(Bitmap origin) {
if (origin == null) {
return null;
}
int width = origin.getWidth();
int height = origin.getHeight();
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.postSkew(-0.6f, -0.3f);
Bitmap newBM = Bitmap.createBitmap(origin, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, false);
if (newBM.equals(origin)) {
return newBM;
}
origin.recycle();
return newBM;
}
按钮的操作定义:
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Bitmap originBM = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),
R.drawable.littleboygreen_x128);
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btn1: {// 按尺寸缩放
effectTextView.setText(R.string.scale);
Bitmap nBM = scaleBitmap(originBM, 100, 72);
effectView.setImageBitmap(nBM);
break;
}
case R.id.btn2: {// 按比例缩放,每次点击缩放比例都会不同
effectTextView.setText(R.string.scale_ratio);
if (ratio < 3) {
ratio += 0.05f;
} else {
ratio = 0.1f;
}
Bitmap nBM = scaleBitmap(originBM, ratio);
effectView.setImageBitmap(nBM);
break;
}
case R.id.btn3: {// 裁剪
effectTextView.setText("剪个头");
Bitmap cropBitmap = cropBitmap(originBM);
effectView.setImageBitmap(cropBitmap);
break;
}
case R.id.btn4: {// 顺时针旋转效果;每次点击更新旋转角度
if (alpha < 345) {
alpha += 15;
} else {
alpha = 0;
}
effectTextView.setText("旋转");
Bitmap rotateBitmap = rotateBitmap(originBM, alpha);
effectView.setImageBitmap(rotateBitmap);
break;
}
case R.id.btn5: {// 逆时针旋转效果;每次点击更新旋转角度
if (beta > 15) {
beta -= 15;
} else {
beta = 360;
}
effectTextView.setText("旋转");
Bitmap rotateBitmap = rotateBitmap(originBM, beta);
effectView.setImageBitmap(rotateBitmap);
break;
}
case R.id.btn6: {// 偏移效果;偏移量在方法中
Bitmap skewBM = skewBitmap(originBM);
effectView.setImageBitmap(skewBM);
break;
}
}
}
遇到的问题
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.preScale(ratio, ratio);// 当 ratio=1,下面的 newBM 将会等价于 origin
Bitmap newBM = Bitmap.createBitmap(origin, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, false);
if (!origin.isRecycled()) {
origin.recycle();
}
log如下,当ratio=1时,新bitmap和旧的bitmap同一地址
11-27 05:27:16.086 16723-16723/? D/rust: originBitmap = android.graphics.Bitmap@1e8849e
11-27 05:27:16.086 16723-16723/? D/rust: newBitmap = android.graphics.Bitmap@1e8849e
更多请参见 https://rustfisher.com