环境说明：
| 主机名 | 操作系统版本 | ip | 默认网关 | 网卡名 | 目的地址1 | 目的地址2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| centos7.6 | Centos 7.6.1810 | 172.27.9.135 | 172.27.9.254 | ens33 | 172.28.105.0/24 | 172.28.214.17/32 |
一、临时方式
1. 查看路由和ip
[root@centos7 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.27.9.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
10.244.0.0 10.244.0.0 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 flannel.1
10.244.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 cni0
10.244.2.0 10.244.2.0 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 flannel.1
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
172.27.9.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
[root@centos7 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7a:68:80 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.27.9.135/24 brd 172.27.9.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7a:6880/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:bc:7f:3b:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/ether 96:fb:38:22:16:63 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.244.1.0/32 scope global flannel.1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::94fb:38ff:fe22:1663/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: cni0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether a6:93:72:c1:bc:6e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.244.1.1/24 scope global cni0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a493:72ff:fec1:bc6e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: vethcc8de5ce@if3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue master cni0 state UP group default
link/ether 1e:70:7e:e4:47:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::1c70:7eff:fee4:47c6/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2. 新增静态路由
新增到目的地址1的静态路由
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route add 172.28.105.0/24 via 172.27.9.254 dev ens33
新增到目的地址2的静态路由
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route add 172.28.214.17/32 via 172.27.9.254 dev ens33
查看路由信息
[root@centos7 ~]# route -n
二、永久方式
实现的形式有两种
1. 实现形式1
新增或编辑配置文件route-interfacename，interfacename为网卡名，本文为ens33
[root@centos7 ~]# view /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ens33
ADDRESS0=172.28.105.0
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY0=172.27.9.254
ADDRESS1=172.28.214.17
NETMASK1=255.255.255.255
GATEWAY1=172.27.9.254
注意序号为0和1
重启网络
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart network
2. 实现形式2
[root@centos7 ~]# view /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ens33
172.28.105.0/24 via 172.27.9.254 dev ens33
172.28.214.17/32 via 172.27.9.254 dev ens33
重启网络
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart network
三、删除静态路由
1. 删除路由
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route del 172.28.105.0/24
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route del 172.28.214.17/32
[root@centos7 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.27.9.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
10.244.0.0 10.244.0.0 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 flannel.1
10.244.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 cni0
10.244.2.0 10.244.2.0 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 flannel.1
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
172.27.9.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
该方式会立即删除静态路由
2. 清除配置
rm route-ens33或者echo > route-ens33或者注释该配置文件的路由条目
#ADDRESS0=172.28.105.0
#NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
#GATEWAY0=172.27.9.254
#ADDRESS1=172.28.214.17
#NETMASK1=255.255.255.255
#GATEWAY1=172.27.9.254
下次重启时，静态路由永久删除
四、注意事项
- 添加永久静态路由方式一中要注意序号，由0开始依次新增，序号不能跳，若只有一条路由则序号为0；
- 两种永久方式不可以混用，否则配置的路由条目不会完全生效；
- 通过编辑配置文件/etc/rc.local，开机自启动方式新增静态路由方式不生效；