凡是搞计量经济的，都关注这个号了

投稿：econometrics666@126.com

所有计量经济圈方法论丛的code程序, 宏微观数据库和各种软件都放在社群里.欢迎到计量经济圈社群交流访问.

前些日，咱们引荐了①“实证研究中用到的200篇文章, 社科学者常备toolkit”、②实证文章写作常用到的50篇名家经验帖, 学者必读系列、③过去10年AER上关于中国主题的Articles专辑、④AEA公布2017-19年度最受关注的十大研究话题, 给你的选题方向，⑤2020年中文Top期刊重点选题方向, 写论文就写这些。后面，咱们又引荐了①使用CFPS, CHFS, CHNS数据实证研究的精选文章专辑！，②这40个微观数据库够你博士毕业了, 反正凭着这些库成了教授，③Python, Stata, R软件史上最全快捷键合辑！，④关于(模糊)断点回归设计的100篇精选Articles专辑！，⑤关于双重差分法DID的32篇精选Articles专辑！，⑥关于合成控制法SCM的33篇精选Articles专辑！⑦最近80篇关于中国国际贸易领域papers合辑！，⑧最近70篇关于中国环境生态的经济学papers合辑！⑨使用CEPS, CHARLS, CGSS, CLHLS数据库实证研究的精选文章专辑！⑩最近50篇使用系统GMM开展实证研究的papers合辑！这些文章受到了各位学者的欢迎和热议，博士生导师纷纷将其推荐给学生参阅。

上一日，咱们引荐了①AER, JPE, QJE, ECM, RES最新一期论文，②如何选择正确的自变量(控制变量)，让你的计量模型不再肮脏。今日，咱们引荐一些研究“中国女性话题”的相关文章，感兴趣的女学者可以到社群就相关话题开展面对面的交流和讨论。祝各位女性学者生活像阳光般灿烂，三八妇女节快乐！
中国女性
Adhikari, B. K., et al. (2019). "Do women managers keep firms out of trouble? Evidence from corporate litigation and policies." Journal of Accounting and Economics 67(1): 202-225.
We find that firms where women have more power in the top management team, measured by female executives’ plurality and pay slice, face fewer operations-related lawsuits. This effect is robust to several treatments of endogeneity and does not appear to be driven by female executives' greater willingness to settle the cases. Evidence from a simultaneous equations approach suggests that firms where women executives have more power avoid lawsuits partly by avoiding some risky but value-increasing firm policies, such as more aggressive R&D, intensive advertising, and policies inimical to other parties.

Attané, I. (2013). The Status of Women in Traditional Chinese Society. The Demographic Masculinization of China: Hoping for a Son. I. Attané. Heidelberg, Springer International Publishing: 91-98.
Chinese society remains fundamentally rooted in highly gendered social and family roles. From a demographic point of view, discrimination against girls and women is therefore part of a system of norms and values, both family and social, that traditionally favours males. While this discrimination is just one aspect of the gender inequalities that persist today, to some extent it is a self-perpetuating process. Indeed, because Chinese women do not have the same opportunities for social achievement as men, and because they are still largely vested in roles that are not much valued socially, many families still consider girls to be less important than boys.

Chen, X. and S. Ge (2018). "Social norms and female labor force participation in urban China." Journal of Comparative Economics 46(4): 966-987.
This study investigates the impact of social norms on the labor supply decision of married women in urban China. Our estimation results indicate that men raised by non-working mothers are more likely to support traditional gender roles, are more averse to having working wives, and tend to be less productive or less willing to engage in housework than other men. Consequently, the labor force participation rate of married women with non-working mothers-in-law is 5–18 percentage points lower than that of married women with working mothers-in-law in urban China.

Chen, X., et al. (2018). "Gender Patterns of Eldercare in China." Feminist Economics 24(2): 54-76.

Chi, W. and B. Li (2014). "Trends in China’s gender employment and pay gap: Estimating gender pay gaps with employment selection." Journal of Comparative Economics 42(3): 708-725.
In contrast to the United States and European countries, China has witnessed a widening gender pay gap in the past two decades. Nevertheless, the size of the gender pay gap could still be underestimated as a result of not accounting for the low-wage women who have dropped out of the labor force. As shown by a large and representative set of household survey data in China, since the 1980s the female employment rate has been falling and the gap between male and female employment rates has been increasing. We estimate the gap size using Heckman’s selection-correction model and bounds of the raw gender pay gap, taking into consideration the different male and female employment rates in China. The results support the view that the gender pay gap estimate is biased without taking into account employment selectivity.

Cui, H., et al. (2020). "Early-life deprivation and health outcomes in adulthood: Evidence from childhood hunger episodes of middle-aged and elderly Chinese." Journal of Development Economics 143: 102417.
This paper examines long-term health consequences of early-life food deprivation across late-life health indicators. Our analysis relies on retrospective data of hunger drawn from CHARLS - a nationally representative survey of residents ages 45 and over in Continental China. The survey accurately measured hunger episodes in childhood. Exposure to hunger early in life is found to increase the probability of being overweight, having difficulty with ADLs/IADLs and depression in old age. The adverse cognitive impacts of hunger are confined to women due to gender disparity in nutrition and educational opportunities. We find gender-specific interaction effect between hunger episodes and sibling sex composition.

Cui, Y., et al. (2019). "Mother's education and child development: Evidence from the compulsory school reform in China." Journal of Comparative Economics 47(3): 669-692.
This paper investigates the causal impact of mother's schooling on various outcomes of adolescent development by exploiting the temporal and geographical variations in the enforcement of compulsory schooling laws in China. Using data from China Family Panel Studies, we find that mother's education increases adolescents’ school enrollment, math test scores, college aspiration, and internal locus of control related to education. Mother's education also improves adolescent mental health status and reduces the incidence of underweight. We also find considerable gender heterogeneity in the effects of mother's education. The results further indicate that mother's education leads to an increase in family resources for children and an improvement in maternal mental health and parenting, which we interpret as potential mechanisms behind our findings.

Eble, A. and F. Hu (2019). "Does primary school duration matter? Evaluating the consequences of a large Chinese policy experiment." Economics of Education Review 70: 61-74.
Nearly all governments provide primary schooling, but surprisingly little is known about how changes to the duration of primary school affect educational attainment and performance in the labor market. We study a Chinese policy which extended the duration of primary school from five years to six but did not change the curriculum. We exploit its gradual rollout over space and time to generate causal estimates of its impact on educational attainment and subsequent labor market outcomes. We find that the policy has small, largely positive effects on post-primary educational attainment, and raises average monthly income by 2.6%. The policy is progressive, generating higher returns (5–8%) among both women and the least educated. We estimate the policy has already reallocated 450 million years of labor from work to schooling and we generate cost-benefit estimates to quantify this tradeoff, highlighting the large public finance implications of this policy decision.

Feng, J. and X. Zhang (2018). "Retirement and Grandchild Care in Urban China." Feminist Economics 24(2): 240-264.

Feng, X. (2013). "Women's Work, Men's Work: Gender and Tourism among the Miao in Rural China." Anthropology of Work Review 34(1): 2-14.
Abstract In this article, I examine the changes in gender division of labor resulting from a shift from agriculture to wage labor, followed by the growth of tourism, among the ethnic Miao in Fenghuang County of rural China. I argue that the increased flexibility of women's roles might be interpreted as a result of the reality that Miao women, who occupy the low end of every form of power in the local and national social structure, are being pushed around by other more powerful internal and external agents. This increased flexibility did not necessarily empower them but might instead maintain their subordination to men under changing socioeconomic circumstances. The traditional gender ideology of men's superiority was therefore not challenged but reinforced with the penetration of the market economy to rural Fenghuang. Through this ethnographic case, I emphasize two general points regarding gender analysis in tourism: first, in order to fully understand gender dynamics in tourism, it is important to contextualize such analysis with the particular historical and sociocultural factors in a given locality and against the backdrop of the global economic trend; second, for a fair evaluation of women's role and status change, such exploration needs to be situated in the interactive relations between women and men, rather than only focusing specifically on women.

Guo, R., et al. (2018). "Fertility, household structure, and parental labor supply: Evidence from China." Journal of Comparative Economics 46(1): 145-156.
This study examines the effects of fertility on household structure and parental labor supply in China. To solve the endogeneity problem, we use a unique survey on households with twin children and a comparison group of non-twin households. The ordinary least squares estimates show a negative correlation between fertility and parental labor supply in rural China. Using twinning as a natural experiment, we do not find evidence on the negative effects of fertility on parental labor supply. By contrast, we find that the twinning-induced increase in fertility significantly enhances the coresidence of grandparents in rural China. We suggest that the negative effects of fertility on parental labor supply are mitigated by the childcare provided by grandparents in rural China. We also find that fertility does not induce coresidence of grandparents in urban China. Our results have important implications for population and public childcare policies.

Jacobsen, J. P. (2008). "Employment of Women in Chinese Cultures: Half the Sky – Edited by Cherlyn Skromme Granrose." Gender, Work & Organization 15(3): 304-305.

Jia, N., et al. (2018). "Paid Maternity Leave and Breastfeeding in Urban China." Feminist Economics 24(2): 31-53.

Langa, K. M. and E. B. Larson (2014). "Education, brain health, and improving life opportunities for women." The Journal of the Economics of Ageing 4: 56-58.
The paper by Lei et al. in this issue adds to the growing body of empirical evidence that education and cognitive stimulation, both in early-life and in later-life, seem especially important for cognitive health and the prevention of cognitive decline with aging. The expanding educational opportunities for girls and women in developing countries such as China over the last few decades appear to have played an important role in improving their cognitive health and, in turn, have likely expanded their opportunities to participate more fully and successfully in both work and social roles. While “curing” dementia in the coming decades seems unlikely, decreasing the risk of cognitive impairment and disability in both developed and developing countries through increasing education, life-long cognitive stimulation, and improved control of cardiovascular risk appears achievable. Success would benefit people of all ages by keeping older adults more independent and productive, and minimizing the burden of support on younger generations.

Lei, X. and H. Liu (2018). "Gender difference in the impact of retirement on cognitive abilities: Evidence from urban China." Journal of Comparative Economics 46(4): 1425-1446.
This paper examines the impact of retirement on cognitive functioning by gender in urban China and investigates the underlying mechanisms. Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, the paper uses the mandatory retirement ages and different policy enforcement between the public and private sectors as instruments for retirement status. The analysis finds substantial gender heterogeneity in the effect of retirement on cognition, with a positive and significant effect for males, but a negative and less significant effect for females. The beneficial effects on cognition are stronger for male blue-collar workers, who are likely to pursue a more active lifestyle at retirement. Further investigation shows that the results are partly driven by differential behavioral changes at retirement, and the gender difference in retirement ages may also play a potential role.

Lei, X., et al. (2014). "Gender differences in cognition in China and reasons for change over time: Evidence from CHARLS." The Journal of the Economics of Ageing 4: 46-55.
In this paper, we model gender differences in cognitive ability in China using a new sample of middle-aged and older Chinese respondents. Modeled after the American Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), CHARLS respondents are 45years and older and are nationally representative of the Chinese population in this age span. Our measures of cognition in CHARLS rely on two measures that proxy for different dimensions of adult cognition – episodic memory and intact mental status. We relate these cognitive measures to adult health and SES outcomes during the adult years. We find large cognitive differences to the detriment of women that were mitigated by large gender differences in education among these generations of Chinese people. These gender differences in cognition are especially concentrated in the older age groups and poorer communities within the sample. We also investigated historical, geographical, and cultural characteristics of communities to understand how they impact cognition. Economic development and environmental improvement such as having electricity, increases in wage per capita and green coverage ratio generally contribute to higher cognition ability. Women benefit more from the fruits of development – electricity and growth of green coverage ratio are conducive to lessening female disadvantage in cognition.

Li, F., et al. (2019). "Wealth, labor supply and life satisfaction: The case of urban housing demolition in China." Economics Letters 183: 108597.
This paper provides new evidence from China for the causal relationship between wealth and labor supply, using the case of the large-scale urban housing demolition (UHD) in China resulting from extensive urban renewal and real estate development. Employing the difference-in-differences approach and a nationally representative sample, we find that UHD produces substantial wealth growth for affected households and, consequently reduces individual labor supply in the extensive margin and improves individual life satisfaction, especially for women. Our results may offer insights into the emerging labor shortage in China.

Li, Q., et al. (2018). "The Impact of China's New Rural Pension Program on Elderly Labor, Grandchild Care, and Old-Age Support." Feminist Economics 24(2): 265-287.

Li, W., et al. (2015). "Gender differences in anomie among China’s rural migrant workers in the context of gender imbalance and population migration." Chinese Journal of Sociology 1(4): 605-624.
Most research findings agree that women have higher levels of anomie than men; that is, socially derived feelings of depression and alienation that sometimes result in deviance. These conclusions are derived from general population samples in industrialized western countries and may or may not apply to China for various reasons. At present, Chinese society is undergoing two major structural changes: gender imbalance resulting from the One-child Policy, and population migration. This article studies the factors that determine anomie and its gender difference among rural migrant workers in the context of gender imbalance in China. Multivariate analyses of data from a survey of rural migrant workers in Xiamen city, Fujian province, conducted in 2009 show that gender, marital status, social role, and characteristics related to breadwinning have significant influences on anomie among rural migrant workers; men have higher levels of anomie than women, and unmarried people, especially older unmarried people have higher levels of anomie than married people, but there is little gender difference in the influence of marital status on anomie. There are gender differences in the influence of social role and characteristics relating to breadwinning on anomie.

Liu, J. and T. Liu (2018). "Two-child policy, gender income and fertility choice in China." International Review of Economics & Finance.
We construct a three-period overlapping generation model to explore the effectiveness of the fertility policy and the factors affecting the fertility choices in China. The results show that there is a significant U-shaped relationship between female income and two-child fertility choice. The analysis of the effectiveness of the universal two-child policy suggests that a threshold exists for the fertility policy that is estimated to be between 1 and 2. Therefore, even if the two-child policy is further relaxed, it will exert little influence on fertility choice. Thus, other forms of fertility policies should be combined to improve the fertility rate.

Lv, Z. and R. Yang (2018). "Does women’s participation in politics increase female labor participation? Evidence from panel data analysis." Economics Letters 170: 35-38.
Using country panel data from 1991 to 2012, we make an attempt to explore whether women’s participation in politics affect female labor participation rates (FLPR). Our analysis suggests that countries characterized by more female’s participation in politics are associated with higher levels of FLPR. Moreover, we also find a U-shaped link between economic development and FLPR.

MacPhail, F. and X.-y. Dong (2007). "Women's market work and household status in rural China: Evidence from Jiangsu and Shandong in the late 1990s." Feminist Economics 13(3-4): 93-124.

Majlesi, K. (2016). "Labor market opportunities and women's decision making power within households." Journal of Development Economics 119: 34-47.
Despite the perceived importance of labor market opportunities in shaping married women's outside option, and their bargaining power within households as a result, this link has received very little empirical attention. Using longitudinal data on who makes the decision on a wide range of issues within Mexican households and data from the administrative records of the Mexican Social Security Institute, this paper identifies the effects of relative changes in labor market opportunities for men and women on both working and non-working women's decision making power. I find that increases in labor market opportunities improve women's decision-making power as well as children's health. Using differential labor demand shocks across Mexican industries caused by China's admission to the WTO gives similar results.

Meng, L. and M. Q. Zhao (2019). "Bride Drain: An unintended consequence of China's urban-rural divide." Labour Economics 58: 69-80.
This paper studies the impact of rural-urban migration on rural marriage market outcomes within China's institutional and cultural context. Using self-collected and commonly used survey data, as well as Population Census, we find that community-level rural female migration produces a bride drain effect in the rural marriage market: it exerts a negative impact on the marriage likelihood of rural men in addition to the traditional channel of sex ratio imbalance. We find no evidence for an equivalent groom drain effect: the increase in men's migration rate at community level has no negative effect on the marriage likelihood of rural women. Instrumental variable estimation is used to address the endogeneity concern. Our results suggest that China's urban-rural divide has an unintended, long-lasting consequence.

Mu, R. and D. van de Walle (2011). "Left behind to farm? Women's labor re-allocation in rural China." Labour Economics 18: S83-S97.
The transformation of work during China's rapid economic development is associated with a substantial but little noticed re-allocation of traditional farm labor among women, with some doing much less and some much more. We study how the health, work and time allocation of non-migrant women are affected by the migration of others in their household. We find little impact on their health outcomes but do find that the women left behind are doing more farm work than would have otherwise been the case. We show that this may be a persistent effect, and not just temporary re-allocation. In stark contrast, no such impacts are found for left-behind men.

Neyt, B., et al. (2019). "Are men intimidated by highly educated women? Undercover on Tinder." Economics of Education Review 73: 101914.
In this study, we examine the impact of an individual's education level on her/his mating success on the mobile dating app Tinder. To do so, we conducted a field experiment on Tinder in which we collected data on 3,600 profile evaluations. In line with previous research on mating preferences from multiple fields, our results indicate a heterogeneous effect of education level by gender: while women strongly prefer a highly educated potential partner, this hypothesis is rejected for men. In contrast with recent influential studies from the field of economics, we do not find any evidence that men would have an aversion to a highly educated potential partner. Additionally, in contrast with most previous research – again from multiple fields – we do not find any evidence for preferences for educational assortative mating, i.e. preferring a partner with a similar education level.

Ngai, P. (2007). "Gendering the dormitory labor system: production, reproduction, and migrant labor in south China." Feminist Economics 13(3-4): 239-258.

Ong, D., et al. (2020). "Hard to get: The scarcity of women and the competition for high-income men in urban China." Journal of Development Economics 144: 102434.
Reports of the difficulties of elite women in finding suitable mates have been increasing despite the growing availability and value of men in China. We rationalize this “leftover women” phenomenon within the directed/competitive search framework, which uniquely allows for equilibrium crowding out. Within this framework, we show that the leftover women phenomenon can be the result of women’s aversion to men who have a lower income than themselves (hereafter, ALM) and the long-predicted complementarity between women’s non-market traits (in particular, beauty) and male earnings. For high-income (h-)women, even when high-income (H-)men are more plentiful and richer, the direct effect of the greater number of desirable men can be overwhelmed by the indirect effect of competitive ‘entry’ by low-income (l-)women, particularly, the beautiful. We test for these competitive search effects using online dating field experimental, Census, and household survey data. Consistent with the competitive entry of l-women, when sex ratio and H-men’s income increase, the search intensity of beautiful l-women for H-men increases. In response to this competitive entry, plain h-women, who are constrained by their ALM to search predominantly for H-men, also increase the search intensity. However, only their marriage probability decreases. Our evidence is consistent with intra-female competitive search for spouses who can cover the labor market opportunity cost of marriage and childbirth, which increases with a woman’s income.

Qi, L. and X.-y. Dong (2016). "Unpaid Care Work's Interference with Paid Work and the Gender Earnings Gap in China." Feminist Economics 22(2): 143-167.

Qi, L. and X.-y. Dong (2018). "Gender, Low-Paid Status, and Time Poverty in Urban China." Feminist Economics 24(2): 171-193.

Schwekendiek, D. and J. Baten (2019). "Height development of men and women from China, South Korea, and * during the rapid economic transformation period of the 1960s–1980s." Economics & Human Biology 34: 169-180.
We study height trends among Chinese, South Korean, and * groups during the rapid economic growth period of the 1960s to the 1980s. Heights rose strongly as income grew. Did rapid income growth also cause a decline in gender inequality? Or did it rise because the gains were unevenly distributed? Gender inequality is particularly interesting given the traditionally strong son preference in the region. For mainland China, we find that gender inequality was relatively modest in the pre-reform period (before the 1980s). Especially in comparison to the early 20th century, female heights grew faster than male heights. In contrast, the 1980s transition period to an economic system with market elements was characterized by increasing gender inequality in China. This was the case to an even greater extent in South Korea, where gender dimorphism noticeably increased during the 1980s, paralleling a similar increase in sex-selective abortions. Moreover, we also study other inequality patterns in the three countries, focusing on socioeconomic, regional, and educational differences between groups.

Shen, K., et al. (2016). "Patterns of inequalities in public transfers by gender in China." The Journal of the Economics of Ageing 8: 76-84.
This paper offers an empirical examination of gender inequality in China based on public transfers in education, health care and pension benefits over the lifecycle. Using data from the 2010 wave of China Family Panel Studies and administrative records, we apply the internationally comparable method of National Transfer Accounts to estimate incidences and patterns of public transfers by gender. Our results show that, while public health care and pension transfers are remarkably biased against women at old ages, public education transfers are essentially gender-neutral even at the tertiary education level. Gender inequality among older cohorts is largely a legacy of past occupational and earning privileges for males, and the fragmented design of China’s health insurance and pension programs. With increasing female advantage in education and a gradual unification of China’s social security system, gender gaps in public transfers in China are likely to narrow, though by no means disappear, in the coming years.

Shen, M. and L. Li (2020). "Differences in Cesarean section rates by fetal sex among Chinese women in the United States: Does Chinese culture play a role?" Economics & Human Biology 36: 100824.
To investigate whether elements of Chinese culture, such as son preference, influence women’s mode of child delivery, this paper analyzes how fetal sex affects C-section rates among Chinese mothers compared with Japanese mothers in the United States. It uses birth certificate data from 1990 to 2000, a period when women were routinely able to learn the sex of the fetus during pregnancy. Compared with Japanese mothers, Chinese mothers were 1 percentage point more likely to undergo C-section when giving birth to boys than when giving birth to girls. This result is robust to the addition of a rich set of controls and the restriction of the sample to infants without congenital diseases or anomalies at birth. The effects are concentrated in subgroups that are more likely to prefer sons—specifically, where both parents are Asian or where mothers are first-generation immigrants. The findings offer valuable insights for health professionals into culturally driven pregnancy behaviors among Chinese women, potentially enabling them to offer more culturally appropriate healthcare as they support women in making a healthy transition to motherhood.

Song, Y. and X.-y. Dong (2018). "Childcare Costs and Migrant and Local Mothers' Labor Force Participation in Urban China." Feminist Economics 24(2): 122-146.

Sun, A. and Y. Zhao (2016). "Divorce, abortion, and the child sex ratio: The impact of divorce reform in China." Journal of Development Economics 120: 53-69.
This paper estimates the effect of China's pro-women divorce reform on sex-selection behavior within marriages. The 2001 reform liberalized divorce in favor of women and secured women's property rights after separation. The paper applies a regression discontinuity analysis on the child sex ratio and finds that the likelihood of having a son after a firstborn daughter decreased by 8.1 percentage points, amounting to a reduction of 11.7% compared with the prior proportion of male children. Further analyses provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that improved divorce options empower women within marriage, and enable them to avoid health-damaging sex-selective abortion. The effect of the divorce reform is stronger in provinces where divorce is comparatively viable because of more lenient family planning policies governing fertility in the next marriage. The effect is also stronger among women who face higher health costs of abortion.

Wang, G. and M. Fok (2017). "Are Women Less Capable in Managing Crops? Insights from Cotton Production in Northern China." Feminist Economics 23(4): 117-142.

Wang, Q., et al. (2019). "Does the Happiness of Contemporary Women in China Depend on Their Husbands’ Achievements?" Journal of Family and Economic Issues 40(4): 710-728.
The paper investigates the spillover effect of identity within the family, that is, whether and how the spouse’s political identity affects happiness in the family. Using the Chinese General Social Survey, we show that the wife’s * Party of China (CPC) identity has a null effect on a husband’s happiness, but a husband’s CPC identity has a heterogeneous spillover effect on a wife’s happiness: it has a positive effect on a non-CPC wife’s happiness but a null effect on a CPC wife’s happiness. Nearest neighboring matching further corroborates these results. CPC membership is regarded as important social capital; thus, the findings reflect a glaring social phenomenon that the well-being of women in disadvantaged positions (e.g., living in rural areas and having less education) continues to be related to their husbands’ achievements. Additionally, women in advantaged positions (e.g., living in urban areas and having more education) can eliminate their dependence on their husbands after receiving equal political and economic opportunities.

Wang, Y., et al. (2019). "Clean energy adoption and maternal health: Evidence from China." Energy Economics 84: 104517.
Maternal mortality in China decreased 59% during 2000–2014, while clean energy consumption nearly doubled. This paper examines how the widespread adoption of natural gas as a source of clean energy improves the health of pregnant women, an environment-sensitive group often ignored in previous pollution studies. Using variation across provinces and over time in the density of natural gas infrastructure in China, we identify a significant and negative clean energy adoption – maternal mortality relationship in China. Specifically, we find that a one-unit increase in natural gas density – measured by the length of natural gas pipelines per 10,000 persons – would cause the maternal mortality rate to decrease by 4%, which would translate into an annual gain of approximately 648 pregnant women’s lives. We also present several additional specification checks and find that the results are insensitive to these considerations. This finding suggests that natural gas adoption has substantial health externalities and should be an important part of policy discussions surrounding clean energy production. To our knowledge, this is the first study to draw a causal link between clean energy use and maternal mortality.

Wang, Y. and C. Zhang (2018). "Gender Inequalities in Labor Market Outcomes of Informal Caregivers near Retirement Age in Urban China." Feminist Economics 24(2): 147-170.

Weir, D., et al. (2014). "Economic development and gender inequality in cognition: A comparison of China and India, and of SAGE and the HRS sister studies." The Journal of the Economics of Ageing 4: 114-125.
This paper examines cognition measures by age and gender from two types of studies in China and India. It finds that despite some notable differences in samples and measures, a general strong association of cognition in older ages with education emerges as a potential explanation for gender gaps and cohort differences. Female disadvantage in cognition is greater in India, both before and after controlling for education. The process of rural–urban migration draws more cognitively able women to cities in China but not in India. The advent of modern longitudinal studies of aging in these developing countries holds great promise for future work.

Woodhams, C., et al. (2015). "Women Managers’ Careers in China: Theorizing the Influence of Gender and Collectivism." Human Resource Management 54(6): 913-931.
This article is concerned with developing an understanding of the careers of women managers in China. Existing literature suggests that while women in China are comparatively well represented in management roles, they face distinctive pressures and barriers to their progress arising from entrenched patriarchal and collectivist aspects of the Chinese cultural tradition. However, little is known about how these aspects impact on women's orientations towards their careers and to what extent influential Western career theories are adequate in interpreting their experience. Drawing on interviews with 20 women managers in China, the article interprets women's orientations towards their careers in relation to their adherence to traditional gender roles and collectivist values. Using this framework, a fourfold taxonomy is developed which identifies ?conformist,? ?revolutionary,? ?soloist,? and ?dissident? orientations. The article suggests that Western career theories fail to capture the collective dimension, and thus do not account fully for the range of experience and orientations of Chinese women managers that are captured in the taxonomy. Implications, both practical and theoretical, are discussed. Recommendations are also made as to how management and career development policies might be developed in organizations in China in order to address the diverse needs and preferences of women managers. ? 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Wrenn, D. H., et al. (2019). "House prices and marriage entry in China." Regional Science and Urban Economics 74: 118-130.
Rates of initial marriage have fallen in China since the late 1980s. This study ascribes part of this decline to a rise in house prices over the same period. Chinese social norms mandate the purchase of a home prior to marriage. We hypothesize that this custom, combined with rising house prices, has discouraged young adults from entering marriage for the first time. We test this hypothesis with an instrumental variable duration model using micro data on marriage entry and city-level data on house prices from 2000 through 2005 in urban China. Our results demonstrate that initial marriage rates declined by 0.31% for a 1% increase in house prices. This result is robust across a number of different model specifications.

Xavier, S. R., et al. (2012). "Women Entrepreneurs: Making A Change from Employment to Small and Medium Business Ownership." Procedia Economics and Finance 4: 321-334.
This study explored women entrepreneurs who made a change from salaried employment to ownership of small and medium businesses. The study used a convenience sample comprising 153 women started their own businesses. The study focused on; first, the factors that cause women to leave employment for business ownership; second, their personal and entrepreneurial characteristics and; last, the challenges they faced during the transition from salaried employment to business ownership. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed by hand, email and fax. The main factors identified to have spurred women to leave employment for business ownership were a need to achieve personal growth, independence and the economic payoff. Passion for the business, listening and communication skills, and self discipline were among the most common personal skills. The prime entrepreneurial skills that were indicated include confidence, leadership, creative thinking in problem solving, being efficient and effective in executing plans, entrepreneurial and business knowledge, being analytical, balancing skills between personal and business life, and flexibility. The challenges faced by the respondents were a shortage of professional staff, shortage of general staff, issues of development and growth, financial constraints due to high overheads and a lack of consultation advice from experts.

Xiu, L. and M. Gunderson (2020). "Does an Entrepreneurial Career Pay for Women in China?" British Journal of Industrial Relations n/a(n/a).
Abstract Using data from the Chinese Household Income Project survey in 2013, our male?female pay-gap decomposition illustrates that the gender earnings gap is larger among the self-employed than the wage-employed after controlling for the effect of various pay-determining characteristics. Our self-employed versus wage-employed decomposition also controls for selection into self-employment as well as those pay-determining characteristics. We find that wage-employed women would earn less than their current earnings if they shifted to self-employment, while wage-employed men would earn more than their current earnings if they became self-employed. In essence, self-employed women suffer from double jeopardy. They not only earn less than men in self-employment due to lower returns for the same pay-determining characteristics, but women in self-employment also earn less than women in wage employment when they have the same pay-determining characteristics.

Xu, H. (2016). "Developmental idealism, body weight and shape, and marriage entry in transitional China." Chinese Journal of Sociology 2(2): 235-258.
New trends toward later and less marriages are emerging in post-reform China. Previous research has examined the changing individual-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics shaping marriage entry in Chinese adults. Employing a cultural model known as developmental idealism, this study argues that a new worldview specifying an ideal body type has become popular in the West and that this new worldview has been exported to China. This new part of the developmental idealism package is likely stratified by gender, has a stronger impact on women than on men, and has likely penetrated urban areas more than rural areas. Drawing on the 1991?2009 longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this study employs discrete-time logit models to estimate the relationships between various body types and the transition to first marriage in Chinese young adults aged 18 to 30 years. Body weight status and body shape are measured by body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, respectively, and further divided into categories of underweight, normal, and obese. Regression results indicate that larger values of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were associated with delayed entry into first marriage in urban women, whereas being overweight or obese was associated with accelerated transition to first marriage in rural men. Not only were these associations statistically significant, but their strengths were substantively remarkable. Findings from this study suggest that both body weight and body shape have important implications for marital success, independent of individual-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and contribute to evolving gender and rural?urban disparities, as China is undergoing a rapid nutrition transition.

Yamamura, E. and Y. Tsutsui (2017). "Comparing the role of the height of men and women in the marriage market." Economics & Human Biology 26: 42-50.
This paper explores how the role of men and women’s height in the marriage market has changed across generations. Using individual-level data from Japan, we compared the effect of height on marriages between men and women, and investigated how the effect of height on marriage has changed across generations. Our key findings are: (1) for men born before 1965, a 1% increase in height led to an approximately 0.56% increase in the probability of being married. Conversely, for women born before 1965, a 1% increase in height led to an approximately 0.56% decrease in the probability of being married. (2) For men born in or after 1965, a 1% increase in height led to an approximately 1.05% (0.18%) increase (decrease) in the probability of being married (divorced). However, the height effect was not present for women. Japan experienced astounding economic development after World War II, which resulted in changes in its economic and social structure. These changes may have also altered the role of height for Japanese men and women in the marriage market.

Zhang, H., et al. (2015). "The gender health gap in China: A decomposition analysis." Economics & Human Biology 18: 13-26.
Around the world, and in spite of their higher life expectancy, women tend to report worse health than men until old age. Explanations for this gender gap in self-perceived health may be different in China than in other countries due to the traditional phenomenon of son preference. We examine several possible reasons for the gap using the Chinese SAGE data. We first rule out differential reporting by gender as a possible explanation, exploiting information on anchoring vignettes in eight domains of health functioning. Decomposing the gap in general self-assessed health, we find that about 31% can be explained by socio-demographic factors, most of all by discrimination against women in education in the 20th century. A more complete specification including chronic conditions and health functioning fully explains the remainder of the gap (about 69%). Adding chronic conditions and health functioning also explains at least two thirds of the education contribution, suggesting how education may affect health. In particular, women's higher rates of arthritis, angina and eye diseases make the largest contributions to the gender health gap, by limiting mobility, increasing pain and discomfort, and causing sleep problems and a feeling of low energy.

Zhang, N. (2011). "The impact of guanxi networks on the employment relations of rural migrant women in contemporary China." Industrial Relations Journal 42(6): 580-595.
ABSTRACT Based on qualitative data collected from Beijing, Shantou and 30 villages in Hebei and Henan with rural women migrants, their family members and employers, this article examines how guanxi networks influence rural migrant women's employment relations, and how they are exploited by their employers through guanxi. Research on guanxi often demonstrates its positive side, whereas this article examines the other side of guanxi?the abuse of such connections in the process of employment relations.

Zhao, M. (2018). "From Motherhood Premium to Motherhood Penalty? Heterogeneous Effects of Motherhood Stages on Women’s Economic Outcomes in Urban China." Population Research and Policy Review 37(6): 967-1002.
Chinese women have reached a high level of labor force participation before China’s deepening economic reform starting from the early 1990s, while women’s deteriorating position in the labor market has been documented in recent literature. However, few studies connect the relationship between the presence of children at different ages and women’s labor market outcomes. Capitalizing on longitudinal data, this study uses a person-fixed-effects model to investigate the relationship between motherhood stages and women’s economic outcomes in urban China. It takes into consideration the impact of children at various ages, as well as the impact of growth in local economies. We find that very young children inhibit mothers’ employment, but the presence of school-aged children is positively correlated with mothers’ income. Our analysis further suggests that, with the development of local economies, the negative association of very young children and women’s labor activity is exacerbated, while the positive relationship between school-aged children and mothers’ income is weakened. Our findings also contribute to the literature on labor market institutions, gender-role ideologies, and the impact on women’s economic outcomes as they balance work with childrearing obligations.

Zhuang, J., et al. (2018). "On the reproduction of gender inequality in the premium effect of the Internet on wage: A case study based on data from the Chinese Women’s Status Survey (third phase)." Chinese Journal of Sociology 4(1): 145-163.
By using the Propensity Score Matching model, this study proves the existence of an Internet premium effect. After other factors are controlled, it is found that the average wage income of Internet users is 1.38 times that of non-users. At the same time, there are significant gender differences in the premium effect of the Internet on wages: Women?s Internet wage premium is 90.6% that of men. Furthermore, it is found that the Internet premium effect on wages is highly related to users? online behaviors. Compared with female users, male users are more inclined to use Internet resources to acquire knowledge and human capital; among female users, those with a greater conception of gender equality are more inclined to use the Internet for learning and accumulation of human capital. Using the framework of previous research on gender inequality in cyberspace, this study focuses on how gender perception influences Internet users? preferences and ways of using the Internet, which is an important cause and mechanism of reproduction of gender inequality in cyberspace.

Liu, L., et al. (2018). "Gender, Work Burden, and Mental Health in Post-Reform China." Feminist Economics 24(2): 194-217.

Connelly, R., et al. (2018). "The Care Economy in Post-Reform China: Feminist Research on Unpaid and Paid Work and Well-Being." Feminist Economics 24(2): 1-30.

Ding, S., et al. (2009). "Women's Employment and Family Income Inequality during China's Economic Transition." Feminist Economics 15(3): 163-190.

Xu, G. and S. Feiner (2007). "Meinü Jingji/China's beauty economy: Buying looks, shifting value, and changing place." Feminist Economics 13(3-4): 307-323.
拓展性阅读

2月21日，给各位学者引荐了二个数据库的使用指南疫情期Wind资讯金融终端操作指南和CEIC数据库操作指南，参考一下“清华北大经管社科数据库有哪些? 不要羡慕嫉妒恨！”。2月22日，引荐了“估计具有两个高维固定效应的泊松回归模型”，里面包括面板泊松回归、面板负二项回归、控制函数法CF、受限三次样条等等。2月27日，引荐了“哈佛大学新修订完成的因果推断经典大作免费下载！附数据和code！”和“最清晰的内生性问题详解及软件操作方案！实证研究必备工具！”
之前，咱们圈子引荐过一些数据库(当然，社群里的数据库远不止这些)，如下：1.这40个微观数据库够你博士毕业了；2.中国工业企业数据库匹配160大步骤的完整程序和相应数据；3.中国省/地级市夜间灯光数据；4.1997-2014中国市场化指数权威版本；5.1998-2016年中国地级市年均PM2.5；6.计量经济圈经济社会等数据库合集；7.中国方言,官员, 行政审批和省长数据库开放；8.2005-2015中国分省分行业CO2数据；9.国际贸易研究中的数据演进与当代问题；10.经济学研究常用中国微观数据手册。
之前，咱们小组引荐了1.DID运用经典文献，强制性许可:来自对敌贸易法的证据，2.连续DID经典文献, 土豆成就了旧世界的文明，3.截面数据DID讲述, 截面做双重差分政策评估的范式，4.RDD经典文献, RDD模型有效性稳健性检验，5.事件研究法用于DID的经典文献"环境规制"论文数据和程序，6.广义DID方法运用得非常经典的JHE文献，7.DID的经典文献"强制许可"论文数据和do程序，8.传销活动对经济发展影响, AER上截面数据分析经典文，9.多期DID的经典文献big bad banks数据和do文件，10.因果推断IV方法经典文献，究竟是制度还是人力资本促进了经济的发展？，11.AER上因果关系确立, 敏感性检验, 异质性分析和跨数据使用经典文章，12.第二篇因果推断经典，工作中断对工人随后生产效率的影响？，13.密度经济学:来自柏林墙的自然实验, 最佳Econometrica论文，14.AER上以DID, DDD为识别策略的劳动和健康经济学，15.一个使用截面数据的政策评估方法, 也可以发AER，16.多期DID模型的经典文献，big bad banks讲解","，17.多期DID的经典文献big bad banks数据和do文件，18.非线性DID, 双重变换模型CIC, 分位数DID，受到博士生导师普遍欢迎，并分享给其指导的学生学习。

下面这些短链接文章属于合集，可以收藏起来阅读，不然以后都找不到了。
2年，计量经济圈公众号近1000篇文章，

Econometrics Circle