1.%rowtype
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 v_emp scott.emp%rowtype;
3 begin
4 select * into v_emp from scott.emp where empno=7900;
5 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp.empno||' '||v_emp.sal);
6 end;
7 /
7900 950
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
2.elsif分支结构
查询emp表中empno=7902的员工，部门号为10的员工工资加100，给部门号为10的员工工资加100，给部门号为10的员工工资加100，剩下的员工工资加400。
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987/5/23 1100.00 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 10
14 rows selected
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 v_deptno scott.emp.deptno%type;
3 v_zl scott.emp.sal%type;
4 begin
5 select deptno into v_deptno from scott.emp where empno='7902';
6 if v_deptno=10 then v_zl:=100;
7 elsif v_deptno=20 then v_zl:=200;
8 elsif v_deptno=30 then v_zl:=300;
9 else v_zl:=400;
10 end if;
11 update scott.emp set sal=sal+v_zl where empno='7902';
12 end;
13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987/5/23 1100.00 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3200.00 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 10
14 rows selected
SQL> select empno,sal from scott.emp where empno='7902';
EMPNO SAL
----- ---------
7902 3200.00
3.加入临时变量
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 v_deptno scott.emp.deptno%type;
3 v_zl scott.emp.sal%type;
4 begin
5 select deptno into v_deptno from scott.emp where empno=&&a;
6 if v_deptno=10 then v_zl:=100;
7 elsif v_deptno=20 then v_zl:=200;
8 elsif v_deptno=30 then v_zl:=300;
9 else v_zl:=400;
10 end if;
11 update scott.emp set sal=sal+v_zl where empno=&a;
12 end;
13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987/5/23 1100.00 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3400.00 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 10
14 rows selected
SQL> select empno,sal from scott.emp where empno='7902';
EMPNO SAL
----- ---------
7902 3400.00
4.将第2题修改为case语句
SQL>
SQL> select EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,MGR,HIREDATE,SAL,COMM DEPTNO,
2 (case
3 when deptno=10 then sal+100
4 when deptno=20 then sal+200
5 when deptno=30 then sal+300
6 else sal+400
7 end)as
8 加薪后工资 from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO 加薪后工资
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 1000
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 1900
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 1550
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 3175
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 1550
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 3150
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 2550
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987/4/19 3000.00 3200
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 5100
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 1800
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987/5/23 1100.00 1300
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 1250
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3400.00 3600
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 1400
14 rows selected
5.case语句
学生表根据成绩划分高中低等级
SQL>
SQL> select xh,xm,zxf,(
2 case
3 when zxf>50 then '高'
4 when zxf>=40 then '中'
5 else '学分不够，还需继续！'
6 end)as 学生等级 from xs;
XH XM ZXF 学生等级
------ ------ --- --------------------
061101 王林 50 中
101112 李明 36 学分不够，还需继续！
001 张琼 45 中
121112 王小二 36 学分不够，还需继续！
6.查询图书借阅是否到期
SQL>
SQL> select EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,MGR,HIREDATE,
2 (case
3 when sysdate-HIREDATE>60 then '已到期'
4 else '未到期'
5 end) as
6 借阅是否到期 from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE 借阅是否到期
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- ------------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 已到期
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 已到期
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 已到期
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 已到期
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 已到期
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 已到期
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 已到期
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987/4/19 已到期
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 已到期
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 已到期
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987/5/23 已到期
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 已到期
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 已到期
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 已到期
14 rows selected
SQL>
SQL> select empno,ename,job,hiredate,
2 (
3 case
4 when trunc(sysdate-HIREDATE)>60 then '已过期'
5 when hiredate is null then '没借书'
6 else '未过期'
7 end
8 )
9 as 借阅是否到期 from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB HIREDATE 借阅是否到期
----- ---------- --------- ----------- ------------
7369 SMITH CLERK 1980/12/17 已过期
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1981/2/20 已过期
7521 WARD SALESMAN 1981/2/22 已过期
7566 JONES MANAGER 1981/4/2 已过期
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1981/9/28 已过期
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 1981/5/1 已过期
7782 CLARK MANAGER 1981/6/9 已过期
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 1987/4/19 已过期
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 已过期
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1981/9/8 已过期
7876 ADAMS CLERK 1987/5/23 已过期
7900 JAMES CLERK 1981/12/3 已过期
7902 FORD ANALYST 1981/12/3 已过期
7934 MILLER CLERK 1982/1/23 已过期
14 rows