21.4 MongoDB介绍
什么是MongoDB
MongoDB也是NoSQL的一种，它是一个基于分布式文件存储的文档型数据库，由C++语言编写。因为是文档型数据库，所以它是非关系数据库中功能最丰富、最像关系数据库的。
官方网站 ，最新版本4.0.1。
MongoDB将数据存储为一个文档，数据结构将键值（key-value）对组成，MongoDB文档类似于JSON对象，字段值可以包含其它文档、数组及文档数组。
- 基本概念：
文档(document)：MongoDB中数据的基本单元，非常类似于关系型数据库系统中的行，但是比行要复杂的多。 集合(collection)：一组文档，如果说MongoDB中的文档类似于关系型数据库中的行，那么集合就如同表。 MongoDB的单个计算机可以容纳多个独立的数据库，每一个数据库都有自己的集合和权限； MongoDB自带简洁但功能强大的JavaScript shell，这个工具对于管理MongoDB实例和操作数据作用非常大； 每一个文档都有一个特殊的键”_id”,它在文档所处的集合中是唯一的，相当于关系数据库中的表的主键。
MongoDB的特点是高性能、易部署、易使用，存储数据非常方便，它的主要特性有：
面向集合存储，易存储对象类型的数据
模式*
支持动态查询
支持完全索引，包含内部对象
支持复制和故障恢复
使用高效的二进制数据存储，包括大型对象
文件存储格式为BSON(一种JSON的扩展)
MongoDB安装
- 安装MongoDB：
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/# vim mongo.repo[mongodb-org-3.4]name=MongoDB Repository baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.4/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-3.4.asc# yum install -y mongodb-org
连接MongoDB
- 启动服务：
# systemctl start mongod# ps aux |grep mongodmongod 1522 0.8 0.9 972380 37512 ? Sl 10:30 0:00 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongo.conf# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/mongod
- 进入mongodb shell：
# mongoMongoDB shell version v3.4.16 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 #显示IP及监听端口MongoDB server version: 3.4.16 Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help".For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' #关于内核的警告，可忽略2018-08-25T10:30:18.431+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] >
如果监听端口不是默认的27017，则在连接的时候需要加--port选项，如：
mongo --port 27018
远程连接mongodb，需要加--host，如：
mongo --host 127.0.0.1
如果设置了验证，则在连接的时候需要带上用户名和密码，如：
mongo -u用户名 -p密码 --authenticationDatabase 数据库名 #和mysql类似
MongoDB用户管理
- 管理用户：
> use admin #use切换库，只有在admin库中才可以操作用户管理switched to db admin#创建用户并授权；customData表示对用户的描述，可省略；roles表示角色，指定库的权限> db.createUser( { user: "admin", customData: {description: "superuser"}, pwd: "admin123", roles: [ { role: "root", db:"admin" } ] } )Successfully added user: {
"user" : "admin", "customData" : {
"description" : "superuser"
}, "roles" : [
{
"role" : "root", "db" : "admin"
}
]}
> db.system.users.find() #列出所有用户，需要切换到admin库{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "J8r1+mWlE53xnEKSiQ98hA==", "storedKey" : "7dl9ZmLoj8AHTb7LguX/w4C9X9U=", "serverKey" : "ZMpgYfQMxGAULJh9a5rFijPny2E=" } }, "customData" : { "description" : "superuser" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] }#admin.admin表示admin库的admin用户
> show users #列出当前库下所有的用户{
"_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "customData" : {
"description" : "superuser"
}, "roles" : [
{
"role" : "root", "db" : "admin"
}
]}
> db.createUser({user:"lzx",pwd:"123123",roles:[{role:"read",db:"testdb"}]}) #创建lzx用户，设为read角色，针对的库是testdbSuccessfully added user: {
"user" : "lzx", "roles" : [
{
"role" : "read", "db" : "testdb"
}
]}> show users #查看新创建的用户{
"_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "customData" : {
"description" : "superuser"
}, "roles" : [
{
"role" : "root", "db" : "admin"
}
]}{
"_id" : "admin.lzx", "user" : "lzx", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [
{
"role" : "read", "db" : "testdb"
}
]}> db.dropUser('lzx') #删除刚创建的lzx用户true> show users {
"_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "customData" : {
"description" : "superuser"
}, "roles" : [
{
"role" : "root", "db" : "admin"
}
]} #新创建的用户已经消失
新增用户之后，若要用户生效，还需要编辑启动脚本：
# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.serviceEnvironment="OPTIONS=--auth -f /etc/mongod.conf"# systemctl daemon-reload# systemctl restart mongod# ps aux |grep mongodmongod 8049 17.8 1.0 972380 41420 ? Sl 14:03 0:02 /usr/bin/mongod --auth -f /etc/mongod.conf# mongo --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017MongoDB shell version v3.4.16 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/ MongoDB server version: 3.4.16
> use admin
switched to db admin> show users #刚刚登录的用户没有权限执行命令2018-08-25T14:06:39.482+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: not authorized on admin to execute command { usersInfo: 1.0 } :_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
DB.prototype.getUsers@src/mongo/shell/db.js:1539:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:771:9
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:678:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1# mongo --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u 'admin' -p 'admin123' --authenticationDatabase "admin" #指定用户密码和库，再次登录MongoDB shell version v3.4.16
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/
MongoDB server version: 3.4.16
Server has startup warnings:
2018-08-25T14:03:27.518+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T14:03:27.518+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.2018-08-25T14:03:27.518+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-25T14:03:27.518+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T14:03:27.518+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.2018-08-25T14:03:27.518+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-25T14:03:27.518+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > use admin
switched to db admin> show users #再次执行命令就没问题了{
"_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "customData" : {
"description" : "superuser"
}, "roles" : [
{
"role" : "root", "db" : "admin"
}
]}
> use db1
switched to db db1> db.createUser({user:"test1",pwd:"123123",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"db1"},{role:"read",db:"db2"}]}) #创建用户test1，对db1库有读写权限，对db2库只读Successfully added user: {
"user" : "test1", "roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite", "db" : "db1"
}, {
"role" : "read", "db" : "db2"
}
]}
先use db1，表示用户在db1库中创建，用户的信息会跟随数据库。
> db.auth('test1','123123') #在命令行认证用户1 #返回1说明认证成功> use db2
switched to db db2> db.auth('test1','123123')Error: Authentication failed.
0 #db2下认证失败
MongoDB中有这些角色：
read：允许用户读取指定数据库 readWrite：允许用户读写指定数据库 dbAdmin：允许用户在指定数据库中执行管理函数，如索引创建、删除，查看统计或访问system.profile userAdmin：允许用户向system.users集合写入，可以在指定数据库里创建、删除和管理用户 clusterAdmin：只在admin数据中可用，赋予用户所有分片和复制集相关函数的管理权限 readAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的读权限 readWriteAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的读写权限 userAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予所有数据库的userAdmin权限 dbAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予所有数据库的dbAdmin权限 root：只在admin数据库中可用。超级账号，超级权限
MongoDB创建集合、数据管理
> use db1
switched to db db1> db.createCollection("mycol",{capped:true,size:6142800,max:10000}){ "ok" : 1 }
创建集合；集合名为mycol；option可选，用来配置集合的参数。
capped true/false （可选），如果为true，则启用封顶集合。封顶集合是固定大小的集合，当它达到最大大小，会自动覆盖最早的条目。如果指定为true，也需要指定尺寸参数；
size（可选），指定最大大小字节封顶集合。如果capped是true，那么就必须指定这个字段，单位B；
max（可选），指定封顶集合允许在文件的最大数量。
> show tables #查看集合mycol> show collections #这样也可以查看集合mycol
> db.Account.insert({AccountID:1,UserName:"123",password:"123456"}) #向集合中插入数据，若集合不存在，则自动创建WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })> show collections
Account
mycol
> db.Account.insert({AccountID:2,UserName:"aaa",password:"aaaaaa"}) #再插入一个文档WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })> show collections
Account #仍属于Account集合 mycol> db.Account.update({AccountID:1},{"$set":{"Age":20}}) #更新集合中AccountID:1文档的数据WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })> db.Account.find() #查看所有文档{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b80feb826e56a836ac4d168"), "AccountID" : 1, "UserName" : "123", "password" : "123456", "Age" : 20 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b8100cc26e56a836ac4d169"), "AccountID" : 2, "UserName" : "aaa", "password" : "aaaaaa" }
> db.Account.find({AccountID:1}) #指定条件查询{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b80feb826e56a836ac4d168"), "AccountID" : 1, "UserName" : "123", "password" : "123456", "Age" : 20 }
> db.Account.remove({AccountID:1})WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 }) #指定条件删除文档> db.Account.find(){ "_id" : ObjectId("5b8100cc26e56a836ac4d169"), "AccountID" : 2, "UserName" : "aaa", "password" : "aaaaaa" }
> db.Account.drop() #删除集合Account中所有文档，即删除集合true> show collections mycol> db.mycol.drop()true> show collections
> db.col123.insert({AccountID:1,UserName:"123",password:"123456"})WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })> db.printCollectionStats() #查看所有集合状态col123{
"ns" : "db1.col123", "size" : 80, "count" : 1, "avgObjSize" : 80, "storageSize" : 16384, "capped" : false, "wiredTiger" : {
"metadata" : {
"formatVersion" : 1 }, "creationString" : "access_pattern_hint=none,allocation_size=4KB,app_metadata=(formatVersion=1),block_allocation=best,block_compressor=snappy,cache_resident=false,checksum=on,colgroups=,collator=,columns=,dictionary=0,encryption=(keyid=,name=),exclusive=false,extractor=,format=btree,huffman_key=,huffman_value=,ignore_in_memory_cache_size=false,immutable=false,internal_item_max=0,internal_key_max=0,internal_key_truncate=true,internal_page_max=4KB,key_format=q,key_gap=10,leaf_item_max=0,leaf_key_max=0,leaf_page_max=32KB,leaf_value_max=64MB,log=(enabled=true),lsm=(auto_throttle=true,bloom=true,bloom_bit_count=16,bloom_config=,bloom_hash_count=8,bloom_oldest=false,chunk_count_limit=0,chunk_max=5GB,chunk_size=10MB,merge_max=15,merge_min=0),memory_page_max=10m,os_cache_dirty_max=0,os_cache_max=0,prefix_compression=false,prefix_compression_min=4,source=,split_deepen_min_child=0,split_deepen_per_child=0,split_pct=90,type=file,value_format=u", "type" : "file", "uri" : "statistics:table:collection-4-6088379814182883756", "LSM" : {
"bloom filter false positives" : 0, "bloom filter hits" : 0, "bloom filter misses" : 0, "bloom filter pages evicted from cache" : 0, "bloom filter pages read into cache" : 0, "bloom filters in the LSM tree" : 0, "chunks in the LSM tree" : 0, "highest merge generation in the LSM tree" : 0, "queries that could have benefited from a Bloom filter that did not exist" : 0, "sleep for LSM checkpoint throttle" : 0, "sleep for LSM merge throttle" : 0, "total size of bloom filters" : 0 }, "block-manager" : {
"allocations requiring file extension" : 3, "blocks allocated" : 3, "blocks freed" : 0, "checkpoint size" : 4096, "file allocation unit size" : 4096, "file bytes available for reuse" : 0, "file magic number" : 120897, "file major version number" : 1, "file size in bytes" : 16384, "minor version number" : 0 }, "btree" : {
"btree checkpoint generation" : 22, "column-store fixed-size leaf pages" : 0, "column-store internal pages" : 0, "column-store variable-size RLE encoded values" : 0, "column-store variable-size deleted values" : 0, "column-store variable-size leaf pages" : 0, "fixed-record size" : 0, "maximum internal page key size" : 368, "maximum internal page size" : 4096, "maximum leaf page key size" : 2867, "maximum leaf page size" : 32768, "maximum leaf page value size" : 67108864, "maximum tree depth" : 3, "number of key/value pairs" : 0, "overflow pages" : 0, "pages rewritten by compaction" : 0, "row-store internal pages" : 0, "row-store leaf pages" : 0 }, "cache" : {
"bytes currently in the cache" : 952, "bytes read into cache" : 0, "bytes written from cache" : 175, "checkpoint blocked page eviction" : 0, "data source pages selected for eviction unable to be evicted" : 0, "hazard pointer blocked page eviction" : 0, "in-memory page passed criteria to be split" : 0, "in-memory page splits" : 0, "internal pages evicted" : 0, "internal pages split during eviction" : 0, "leaf pages split during eviction" : 0, "modified pages evicted" : 0, "overflow pages read into cache" : 0, "overflow values cached in memory" : 0, "page split during eviction deepened the tree" : 0, "page written requiring lookaside records" : 0, "pages read into cache" : 0, "pages read into cache requiring lookaside entries" : 0, "pages requested from the cache" : 1, "pages written from cache" : 2, "pages written requiring in-memory restoration" : 0, "tracked dirty bytes in the cache" : 0, "unmodified pages evicted" : 0 }, "cache_walk" : {
"Average difference between current eviction generation when the page was last considered" : 0, "Average on-disk page image size seen" : 0, "Clean pages currently in cache" : 0, "Current eviction generation" : 0, "Dirty pages currently in cache" : 0, "Entries in the root page" : 0, "Internal pages currently in cache" : 0, "Leaf pages currently in cache" : 0, "Maximum difference between current eviction generation when the page was last considered" : 0, "Maximum page size seen" : 0, "Minimum on-disk page image size seen" : 0, "On-disk page image sizes smaller than a single allocation unit" : 0, "Pages created in memory and never written" : 0, "Pages currently queued for eviction" : 0, "Pages that could not be queued for eviction" : 0, "Refs skipped during cache traversal" : 0, "Size of the root page" : 0, "Total number of pages currently in cache" : 0 }, "compression" : {
"compressed pages read" : 0, "compressed pages written" : 0, "page written failed to compress" : 0, "page written was too small to compress" : 2, "raw compression call failed, additional data available" : 0, "raw compression call failed, no additional data available" : 0, "raw compression call succeeded" : 0 }, "cursor" : {
"bulk-loaded cursor-insert calls" : 0, "create calls" : 1, "cursor-insert key and value bytes inserted" : 81, "cursor-remove key bytes removed" : 0, "cursor-update value bytes updated" : 0, "insert calls" : 1, "next calls" : 0, "prev calls" : 1, "remove calls" : 0, "reset calls" : 2, "restarted searches" : 0, "search calls" : 0, "search near calls" : 0, "truncate calls" : 0, "update calls" : 0 }, "reconciliation" : {
"dictionary matches" : 0, "fast-path pages deleted" : 0, "internal page key bytes discarded using suffix compression" : 0, "internal page multi-block writes" : 0, "internal-page overflow keys" : 0, "leaf page key bytes discarded using prefix compression" : 0, "leaf page multi-block writes" : 0, "leaf-page overflow keys" : 0, "maximum blocks required for a page" : 0, "overflow values written" : 0, "page checksum matches" : 0, "page reconciliation calls" : 2, "page reconciliation calls for eviction" : 0, "pages deleted" : 0 }, "session" : {
"object compaction" : 0, "open cursor count" : 1 }, "transaction" : {
"update conflicts" : 0 }
}, "nindexes" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 16384, "indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 16384 }, "ok" : 1}
PHP的MongoDB扩展
针对PHP的mongodb扩展有两个：mongo.so和mongodb.so，其中，mongo.so针对的是PHP5.x版本，新的扩展是mongodb.so。两个可以任选一个，下面安装mongodb.so的扩展。
- 下载解压：
# cd /software# wget https://pecl.php.net/get/mongodb-1.3.0.tgz# tar zxf mongodb-1.3.0.tgz # cd mongodb-1.3.0# /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20131106 Zend Module Api No: 20131226 Zend Extension Api No: 220131226
- 编译安装：
# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-config# echo $?0# make && make install# echo $?0# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini #增加下面一行extension=mongodb.so# /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php -m[PHP Modules]Core ctypecurldatedom ereg exif fileinfo filterftpgdhashiconvjson libxml mbstring mcrypt mongodb #有mongodb说明没问题mysql openssl pcre PDO pdo_sqlite Phar posix redis Reflection session SimpleXML soap SPL sqlite3 standard tokenizer xml xmlreader xmlwriter zlib[Zend Modules]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restartGracefully shutting down php-fpm doneStarting php-fpm done
安装mongo.so的步骤与上面基本相同，这里不做赘述。
MongoDB副本集
MongoDB也可以做主从配置。在早期，使用master-slave，一主一从和MySQL类似，但slave在此架构中为只读，当主库宕机后，从库不能自动切换为主。目前已经淘汰这种模式。
现在改为副本集，这种模式下，一主（primary）多从（secondary），从仍然只读。同时支持设置权重，当主宕掉后，权重最高的从自动切换为主。
此外，此架构中还可以建立一个仲裁（arbiter）的角色，只负责裁决主是否宕机，而不存储数据，也是为了防止脑裂。因为读写数据都是在主上，所以要想实现负载均衡，还需要手动指定读库的目标server。
- 场景设置：
全部关闭防火墙和selinux primary 192.168.100.150（主） secondary 192.168.100.160（从1） secondary 192.168.100.170（从2）
在主上进行操作
- 修改配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod.confport:27018 bindIp: 127.0.0.1,192.168.100.150 #本机内网IPreplication: oplogSizeMB: 20 #冒号后面记得空格，否则启动会报错 replSetName: lzx #定义副本集的名字# systemctl restart mongod# ps aux |grep mongodmongod 1510 8.0 1.4 1017096 46800 ? Sl 21:21 0:00 /usr/bin/mongod --auth -f /etc/mongod.conf# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.serviceEnvironment="OPTIONS=-f /etc/mongod.conf" #方便实验，去掉--auth# systemctl daemon-reload# systemctl restart mongod# ps aux |grep mongodmongod 1716 14.3 1.3 1017096 44488 ? Sl 21:40 0:00 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1716/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1716/mongod
在从1上进行操作
- 修改配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod.confport:27019 bindIp: 127.0.0.1,192.168.100.160 #本机内网IPreplication: oplogSizeMB: 20 replSetName: lzx# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.serviceEnvironment="OPTIONS=-f /etc/mongod.conf"# systemctl daemon-reload# systemctl restart mongod# ps aux |grep mongodmongod 2076 14.0 1.2 1017092 48488 ? Sl 21:40 0:00 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2076/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2076/mongod
在从2上进行操作
- 修改配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod.confport:27020 bindIp: 127.0.0.1,192.168.100.170 #本机内网IPreplication: oplogSizeMB: 20 replSetName: lzx# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.serviceEnvironment="OPTIONS=-f /etc/mongod.conf"# systemctl daemon-reload# systemctl restart mongod# ps aux |grep mongodmongod 2086 11.5 1.1 1017100 44588 ? Sl 21:39 0:00 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:27020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2086/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2086/mongod
再在主上进行操作
- 连接主，在主上运行mongo：
# mongo --port 27018MongoDB shell version v3.4.16 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27018 MongoDB server version: 3.4.16 Server has startup warnings: 2018-08-25T21:40:19.064+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T21:40:19.064+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2018-08-25T21:40:19.064+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2018-08-25T21:40:19.064+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T21:40:19.065+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T21:40:19.065+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.2018-08-25T21:40:19.065+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-25T21:40:19.065+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-25T21:40:19.065+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.2018-08-25T21:40:19.065+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-25T21:40:19.065+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > use admin switched to db admin
- 创建副本集：
> config={_id:"lzx",members:[{_id:0,host:"192.168.100.150:27018"},{_id:1,host:"192.168.100.160:27019"},{_id:2,host:"192.168.100.170:27020"}]}{
"_id" : "lzx", "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:27018"
}, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:27019"
}, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:27020"
}
]}> rs.initiate(config) #初始化副本集，必须要保证之前数据库中没有任何数据，否则报错{ "ok" : 1 }lzx:OTHER> rs.status() #查看副本集状态{
"set" : "lzx", "date" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:41.449Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(1), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}
}, "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.100.150:27018", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", #192.168.100.150是primary
"uptime" : 268, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:36Z"), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1535275644, 1), "electionDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:27:24Z"), "configVersion" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}, {
"_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.100.160:27019", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", #192.168.100.160是secondary
"uptime" : 148, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:36Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:36Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:40.721Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:40.698Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "syncSourceId" : 2, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", #192.168.100.170是secondary
"uptime" : 148, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535275776, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:36Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:36Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:40.721Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-26T09:29:39.563Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "192.168.100.150:27018", "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.100.150:27018", "syncSourceId" : 0, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }
], "ok" : 1}
如果两个从上的状态为"stateStr":"STARTUP"，则需要执行下面操作：
> var config={_id:"lzx",members:[{_id:0,host:"192.168.100.150:27018"},{_id:1,host:"192.168.100.160:27019"},{_id:2,host:"192.168.100.170:27020"}]}> rs.reconfig(config)
此时再次查看rs.status()会发现从的状态变为SECONDARY。如果没有PRIMARY，可以去增加权重，权重高的即为PRIMARY。
- 副本集测试：
lzx:PRIMARY> use mydb
switched to db mydb
lzx:PRIMARY> db.acc.insert({AccountID:1,UserName:"123",password:"123456"}) #创建集合，插入数据WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })lzx:PRIMARY> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
mydb 0.000GB #有mydb库lzx:PRIMARY> use mydb
switched to db mydb
lzx:PRIMARY> show tables
acc #有acc集合
在从1上进行操作
- 查看刚刚主上创建的数据：
# mongo --port 27019MongoDB shell version v3.4.16
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27019/
MongoDB server version: 3.4.16
Server has startup warnings:
2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-26T05:32:20.355-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] lzx:SECONDARY> show dbs
2018-08-26T05:58:31.215-0400 E QUERY [thread1] Error: listDatabases failed:{
"ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not master and slaveOk=false", #有这样的报错信息
"code" : 13435, "codeName" : "NotMasterNoSlaveOk"} :_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
Mongo.prototype.getDBs@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:62:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:788:19
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:678:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1
lzx:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk() #设置slaveOk=truelzx:SECONDARY> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
mydb 0.000GB #可以看到有mydb库lzx:SECONDARY> use mydb
switched to db mydb
lzx:SECONDARY> show tables
acc #可以看到有acc集合
在从2上进行操作
- 查看刚刚主上创建的数据（与上面一致）：
# mongo --port 27020MongoDB shell version v3.4.16
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27020/
MongoDB server version: 3.4.16
Server has startup warnings:
2018-08-26T05:25:13.079-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:13.079-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-08-26T05:25:13.079-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-08-26T05:25:13.079-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:13.079-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:13.079-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.2018-08-26T05:25:13.079-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-26T05:25:13.080-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:13.080-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.2018-08-26T05:25:13.080-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-26T05:25:13.080-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten]lzx:SECONDARY> show dbs
2018-08-26T05:58:31.215-0400 E QUERY [thread1] Error: listDatabases failed:{
"ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not master and slaveOk=false", "code" : 13435, "codeName" : "NotMasterNoSlaveOk"} :_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
Mongo.prototype.getDBs@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:62:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:788:19
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:678:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1
lzx:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk() #设置slaveOk=truelzx:SECONDARY> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
mydb 0.000GB #可以看到有mydb库lzx:SECONDARY> use mydb
switched to db mydb
lzx:SECONDARY> show tables
acc #可以看到有acc集合
继续在主上进行操作：
- 查看权重：
lzx:PRIMARY> rs.config(){
"_id" : "lzx", "version" : 1, "protocolVersion" : NumberLong(1), "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:27018", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 1, #权重为1
"tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:27019", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 1, #权重为1
"tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 1, #权重为1
"tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }
], "settings" : {
"chainingAllowed" : true, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : 2000, "heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10, "electionTimeoutMillis" : 10000, "catchUpTimeoutMillis" : 60000, "getLastErrorModes" : {
}, "getLastErrorDefaults" : {
"w" : 1, "wtimeout" : 0 }, "replicaSetId" : ObjectId("5b827271b551f8b2b89e2ff0")
}}
- 增加防火墙规则，模拟宕机：
# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 27018 -j DROP
- 在从1上面查看副本集状态：
lzx:SECONDARY> rs.status(){
"set" : "lzx", "date" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:13:08.119Z"), "myState" : 2, "term" : NumberLong(2), "syncingTo" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "syncSourceId" : 2, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535277967, 1), "t" : NumberLong(2)
}, "appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535277967, 1), "t" : NumberLong(2)
}, "durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535277967, 1), "t" : NumberLong(2)
}
}, "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.100.150:27018", "health" : 0, "state" : 8, "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)", #192.168.100.150变成不可达
"uptime" : 0, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:13:06.423Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:13:07.227Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Couldn't get a connection within the time limit", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : -1 }, {
"_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.100.160:27019", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 2449, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535277967, 1), "t" : NumberLong(2)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:06:07Z"), "syncingTo" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "syncSourceId" : 2, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}, {
"_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", #192.168.100.170变成primary
"uptime" : 2344, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535277967, 1), "t" : NumberLong(2)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535277967, 1), "t" : NumberLong(2)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:06:07Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:06:07Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:13:06.469Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:13:06.866Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1535277926, 2), "electionDate" : ISODate("2018-08-26T10:05:26Z"), "configVersion" : 1 }
], "ok" : 1}
- 在主上操作：删除规则，查看是否变回去：
# iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 27018 -j DROP# mongo --port 27018MongoDB shell version v3.4.16 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27018/ MongoDB server version: 3.4.16 Server has startup warnings: 2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'2018-08-26T05:25:16.157-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] lzx:SECONDARY> #192.168.100.150仍然是从，因为三者权重相等，除非它的权重最高才会变回primary
在从2上进行操作（因为是新的主）
- 设置权重：
lzx:PRIMARY> cfg=rs.conf(){
"_id" : "lzx", "version" : 1, "protocolVersion" : NumberLong(1), "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:27018", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 1, "tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:27019", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 1, "tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 1, "tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }
], "settings" : {
"chainingAllowed" : true, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : 2000, "heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10, "electionTimeoutMillis" : 10000, "catchUpTimeoutMillis" : 60000, "getLastErrorModes" : {
}, "getLastErrorDefaults" : {
"w" : 1, "wtimeout" : 0 }, "replicaSetId" : ObjectId("5b827271b551f8b2b89e2ff0")
}}lzx:PRIMARY> cfg.members[0].priority = 3 #设置成员0权重为33
lzx:PRIMARY> cfg.members[1].priority = 2 #设置成员1权重为22
lzx:PRIMARY> cfg.members[2].priority = 1 #设置成员2权重为11
lzx:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(cfg) #使上面权重设置生效{ "ok" : 1 }lzx:PRIMARY> #按Enter键2018-08-26T06:21:40.200-0400 I NETWORK [thread1] trying reconnect to 127.0.0.1:27020 (127.0.0.1) failed
2018-08-26T06:21:40.200-0400 I NETWORK [thread1] reconnect 127.0.0.1:27020 (127.0.0.1) ok
lzx:SECONDARY> #从2由主变为从lzx:SECONDARY> rs.config() #查看权重{
"_id" : "lzx", "version" : 2, "protocolVersion" : NumberLong(1), "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:27018", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 3, "tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:27019", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 2, "tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:27020", "arbiterOnly" : false, "buildIndexes" : true, "hidden" : false, "priority" : 1, "tags" : {
}, "slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0), "votes" : 1 }
], "settings" : {
"chainingAllowed" : true, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : 2000, "heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10, "electionTimeoutMillis" : 10000, "catchUpTimeoutMillis" : 60000, "getLastErrorModes" : {
}, "getLastErrorDefaults" : {
"w" : 1, "wtimeout" : 0 }, "replicaSetId" : ObjectId("5b827271b551f8b2b89e2ff0")
}}
MongoDB分片
分片就是将数据库进行拆分，将大型集合分割到不同服务器上。比如，本来100G的数据，可以分割成10份存储到10台服务器上，这样每台机器只有10G的数据。
分片后的数据存储与访问是由一个mongos的进程来实现的，即mongos是整个分片架构的核心。对客户端而言是透明的，客户端只需要把读写操作转达给mongos即可。
虽然分片会把数据分割到很多服务器上，但是每一个节点都需要有一个备用角色的，这样能保证数据的高可用。当系统需要更多空间或资源的时候，分片可以很方便地让我们按需扩展，只需要把mongodb服务的机器加入到分片集群中即可。
MongoDB分片相关概念：
mongos：数据库集群请求的入口，所有的请求都是通过mongos进行协调，不需要再应用程序中添加一个路由选择器，mongos自己就是一个请求分发中心， 它负责把对应的数据请求转发到对应的shard服务器上。在生产环境通常有多mongos作为请求的入口，防止其中一个挂掉而导致所有的mongodb请求都没有办法操作。 config server：配置服务器，存储所有数据库元信息（路由、分片）的配置。mongos本身没有物理存储分片服务器和数据路由信息，只是缓存在内存里， 配置放服务器则实际存储这些信息。mongos第一次启动或者关掉重启就会从配置服务器加载配置信息，以后如果配置服务器信息变化会通知到所有的mongos更新自己的状态， 这样mongos就能继续准确路由。在生产环境通常有多个config server，因为它存储了分片路由的元数据，防止数据丢失。 shard：存储了一个集合部分数据的mongodb实例，每个分片是单独的mongodb服务或者副本集，在生产环境中，所有的分片都应该是副本集。
- 场景设置：
A：192.168.100.150 B：192.168.100.160 C：192.168.100.170
A搭建：mongos、config server、副本集1 主节点、副本集2 从节点、副本集3 仲裁
B搭建：mongos、config server、副本集1 仲裁、副本集2 主节点、副本集3 从节点
C搭建：mongos、config server、副本集1 从节点、副本集2 仲裁、副本集3 主节点
端口分配：mongos 20000、config 21000、副本集1 27001、副本集2 27002、副本集3 27003
分别在三台机器上创建各个角色所需要的目录：
/data/mongodb/mongos/log
/data/mongodb/config/{data,log}
/data/mongodb/shard1/{data,log}
/data/mongodb/shard2/{data,log}
/data/mongodb/shard3/{data,log}
三台机器全部关闭防火墙和SElinux，或者增加对应端口的规则
config server配置
在A机器上进行操作
- 创建目录：
# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/mongos/log# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/config/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard1/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard2/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard3/{data,log}# mkdir /etc/mongod/
- 修改配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/config.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/configsrv.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/config/data logpath = /data/mongodb/config/log/configsrv.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.150 port = 21000 fork = trueconfigsvr = truereplSet=configs #副本集名称maxConns=20000 #设置最大连接数
- 启动服务：
# mongod -f /etc/mongod/config.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10212 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10212/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10185/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10185/mongod
在B机器上进行操作
- 创建目录：
# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/mongos/log# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/config/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard1/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard2/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard3/{data,log}# mkdir /etc/mongod/
- 添加配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/config.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/configsrv.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/config/data logpath = /data/mongodb/config/log/configsrv.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.160 port = 21000 fork = trueconfigsvr = truereplSet=configs maxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongod -f /etc/mongod/config.confabout to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10472 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10446/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10446/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10472/mongod
在C机器上进行操作
- 创建目录：
# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/mongos/log# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/config/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard1/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard2/{data,log}# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard3/{data,log}# mkdir /etc/mongod/
- 修改配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/config.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/configsrv.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/config/data logpath = /data/mongodb/config/log/configsrv.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.170 port = 21000 fork = trueconfigsvr = truereplSet=configs maxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongod -f /etc/mongod/config.confabout to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10444 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:27020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10418/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10418/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10444/mongod
创建副本集
三台机器都已经启动服务，由于他们权重都一样，所以可以任选一台机器来创建副本集。下面我在A机器上操作。
- 创建并初始化副本集：
# mongo --host 192.168.100.150 --port 21000> use admin
switched to db admin> config={_id:"configs",members:[{_id:0,host:"192.168.100.150:21000"},{_id:1,host:"192.168.100.160:21000"},{_id:2,host:"192.168.100.170:21000"}]}{
"_id" : "configs", "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:21000"
}, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:21000"
}, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:21000"
}
]}> rs.initiate(config) #初始化副本集{ "ok" : 1 }configs:OTHER> rs.status() #查看副本集状态{
"set" : "configs", "date" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:33.632Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(1), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "configsvr" : true, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}
}, "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.100.150:21000", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", #192.168.100.150是primary
"uptime" : 1163, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:14Z"), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1535347692, 1), "electionDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:12Z"), "configVersion" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}, {
"_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.100.160:21000", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 32, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:14Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:14Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:32.620Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:31.678Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "192.168.100.170:21000", "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.100.170:21000", "syncSourceId" : 2, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.100.170:21000", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 32, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535347694, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:14Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:14Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:32.620Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T05:28:32.763Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "192.168.100.150:21000", "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.100.150:21000", "syncSourceId" : 0, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }
], "ok" : 1}
至此，config server配置完毕。
shard配置
在A机器上进行操作
- 添加配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/shard1.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard1.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard1/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.150 port = 27001 fork = truehttpinterface=true #打开web监控rest=true replSet=shard1 #副本集名称shardsvr = true maxConns=20000 #设置最大连接数
# cd /etc/mongod/# cp shard1.conf shard2.conf# cp shard1.conf shard3.conf# vim shard2.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard2.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard2/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.150 port = 27002 #注意更改端口fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard2 shardsvr = truemaxConns=20000
# vim shard3.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard3.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard3/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.150 port = 27003 #注意更改端口fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard3 shardsvr = truemaxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard1.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10387 child process started successfully, parent exiting# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard2.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10417 child process started successfully, parent exiting# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard3.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10446 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:27001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10387/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:27002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10417/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:27003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10446/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:28001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10387/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:28002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10417/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:28003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10446/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10212/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10185/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10185/mongod
在B机器上进行操作
- 添加配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/shard1.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard1.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard1/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.160 port = 27001 fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard1 shardsvr = true maxConns=20000
# cd /etc/mongod/# cp shard1.conf shard2.conf# cp shard1.conf shard3.conf# vim shard2.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard2.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard2/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.160 port = 27002 fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard2 shardsvr = truemaxConns=20000
# vim shard3.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard3.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard3/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.160 port = 27003 fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard3 shardsvr = truemaxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard1.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10795 child process started successfully, parent exiting# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard2.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10824 child process started successfully, parent exiting# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard3.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10853 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10446/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10446/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:27001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10795/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:27002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10824/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:27003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10853/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:28001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10795/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:28002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10824/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:28003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10853/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10472/mongod
在C机器上进行操作
- 添加配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/shard1.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard1.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard1/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.170 port = 27001 fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard1 shardsvr = true maxConns=20000
# cd /etc/mongod/# cp shard1.conf shard2.conf# cp shard1.conf shard3.conf# vim shard2.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard2.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard2/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.170 port = 27002 fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard2 shardsvr = truemaxConns=20000
# vim shard3.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/shard3.pid dbpath = /data/mongodb/shard3/data logpath = /data/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.170 port = 27003 fork = truehttpinterface=true rest=true replSet=shard3 shardsvr = truemaxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard1.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10607 child process started successfully, parent exiting# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard2.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10636 child process started successfully, parent exiting# mongod -f /etc/mongod/shard3.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 10665 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongodtcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:27020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10418/mongod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10418/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:27001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10607/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:27002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10636/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:27003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10665/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:28001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10607/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:28002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10636/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:28003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10665/mongod tcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10444/mongod
创建副本集
因为每个分片里面都有仲裁节点，而仲裁节点不能作为登录入口，所以只能选择非仲裁节点登录进行操作。
针对shard1，我使用A机器登录操作。
- 创建并初始化副本集shard1：
# mongo --host 192.168.100.150 --port 27001> use admin
switched to db admin> config={_id:"shard1",members:[{_id:0,host:"192.168.100.150:27001"},{_id:1,host:"192.168.100.160:27001"},{_id:2,host:"192.168.100.170:27001",arbiterOnly:true}]} //192.168.100.170作为仲裁节点
{
"_id" : "shard1", "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:27001"
}, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:27001"
}, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:27001", "arbiterOnly" : true
}
]}> rs.initiate(config) #初始化副本集{ "ok" : 1 }shard1:OTHER> rs.status(){
"set" : "shard1", "date" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:50.273Z"), "myState" : 2, "term" : NumberLong(0), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535345139, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535345139, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}
}, "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.100.150:27001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 828, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535345139, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:39Z"), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "configVersion" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}, {
"_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.100.160:27001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 10, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535345139, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535345139, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:39Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:39Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:49.984Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:47.086Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.100.170:27001", "health" : 1, "state" : 7, "stateStr" : "ARBITER", #仲裁节点
"uptime" : 10, "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:49.984Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T04:45:46.960Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }
], "ok" : 1}shard1:SECONDARY> #多按几次Enter键shard1:PRIMARY> #自动变为primary，再次rs.status()就能看到
针对shard2，我使用B机器登录操作。
- 创建并初始化副本集shard2：
# mongo --host 192.168.100.160 --port 27002> use admin
switched to db admin> config={_id:"shard2",members:[{_id:0,host:"192.168.100.150:27002",arbiterOnly:true},{_id:1,host:"192.168.100.160:27002"},{_id:2,host:"192.168.100.170:27002"}]}{
"_id" : "shard2", "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:27002", "arbiterOnly" : true
}, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:27002"
}, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:27002"
}
]}> rs.initiate(config){ "ok" : 1 }shard2:OTHER> rs.status(){
"set" : "shard2", "date" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:23.263Z"), "myState" : 2, "term" : NumberLong(0), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535372897, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535372897, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}
}, "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.100.150:27002", "health" : 1, "state" : 7, "stateStr" : "ARBITER", "uptime" : 6, "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:22.126Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:19.097Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.100.160:27002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 987, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535372897, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:17Z"), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "configVersion" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}, {
"_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.100.170:27002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 6, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535372897, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535372897, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:17Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:17Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:22.126Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:28:19.236Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }
], "ok" : 1}shard2:SECONDARY> #多按几次Enter键shard2:PRIMARY> #自动变为primary，再次rs.status()就能看到
针对shard3，我使用C机器登录操作。
- 创建并初始化副本集shard3：
# mongo --host 192.168.100.170 --port 27003> use admin
switched to db admin> config={_id:"shard3",members:[{_id:0,host:"192.168.100.150:27003"},{_id:1,host:"192.168.100.160:27003",arbiterOnly:true},{_id:2,host:"192.168.100.170:27003"}]}{
"_id" : "shard3", "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.100.150:27003"
}, {
"_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.100.160:27003", "arbiterOnly" : true
}, {
"_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.100.170:27003"
}
]}> rs.initiate(config){ "ok" : 1 }shard3:OTHER> rs.status(){
"set" : "shard3", "date" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:53.016Z"), "myState" : 2, "term" : NumberLong(0), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535373164, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535373164, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}
}, "members" : [
{
"_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.100.150:27003", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 8, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535373164, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535373164, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:44Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:44Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:49.921Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:48.571Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(1), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.100.160:27003", "health" : 1, "state" : 7, "stateStr" : "ARBITER", "uptime" : 8, "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:49.921Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:52.646Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(1), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "", "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "", "configVersion" : 1 }, {
"_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.100.170:27003", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 1067, "optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1535373164, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1)
}, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-08-27T12:32:44Z"), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "configVersion" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}
], "ok" : 1}shard3:SECONDARY> #多按几次Enter键shard3:PRIMARY> #自动变为primary，再次rs.status()就能看到
至此，shard配置完毕。
mongos配置
为什么要将mongos放在最后配置，是因为mongos要想启动起来，它必须要知道config server和shard是谁。
在A机器上进行操作
- 添加配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/mongos.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/mongospid logpath = /data/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.150 port = 20000 fork = trueconfigdb = configs/192.168.100.150:21000,192.168.100.160:21000,192.168.100.170:21000 maxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongos -f /etc/mongod/mongos.conf #注意，之前是mongod，这里是mongosabout to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 1562 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongostcp 0 0 192.168.100.150:20000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1562/mongos
在B机器上进行操作
- 添加配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/mongos.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/mongospid logpath = /data/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.160 port = 20000 fork = trueconfigdb = configs/192.168.100.150:21000,192.168.100.160:21000,192.168.100.170:21000 maxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongos -f /etc/mongod/mongos.confabout to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 1550 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongostcp 0 0 192.168.100.160:20000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1550/mongos
在C机器上进行操作
- 添加配置文件：
# vim /etc/mongod/mongos.confpidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/mongospid logpath = /data/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log logappend = truebind_ip = 192.168.100.170 port = 20000 fork = trueconfigdb = configs/192.168.100.150:21000,192.168.100.160:21000,192.168.100.170:21000 maxConns=20000
- 启动服务：
# mongos -f /etc/mongod/mongos.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 1559 child process started successfully, parent exiting# netstat -lntp |grep mongostcp 0 0 192.168.100.170:20000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1559/mongos
至此，mongos配置完毕。
启用分片
现在就要启用分片，把所有分片和mongos（路由器）串联起来。任选一台机器操作，这里我使用A机器进行操作。
- 登录mongos启用分片：
# mongo --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 #登录mongosMongoDB shell version v3.4.16
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.100.150:20000/
MongoDB server version: 3.4.16
Server has startup warnings:
2018-08-27T08:55:48.279-0400 I CONTROL [main] 2018-08-27T08:55:48.279-0400 I CONTROL [main] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-08-27T08:55:48.279-0400 I CONTROL [main] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-08-27T08:55:48.279-0400 I CONTROL [main] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2018-08-27T08:55:48.279-0400 I CONTROL [main] #把shard1分片和mongos串联起来mongos> sh.addShard("shard1/192.168.100.150:27001,192.168.100.160:27001,192.168.100.170:27001"){ "shardAdded" : "shard1", "ok" : 1 }#把shard2分片和mongos串联起来mongos> sh.addShard("shard2/192.168.100.150:27002,192.168.100.160:27002,192.168.100.170:27002"){ "shardAdded" : "shard2", "ok" : 1 }#把shard3分片和mongos串联起来mongos> sh.addShard("shard3/192.168.100.150:27003,192.168.100.160:27003,192.168.100.170:27003"){ "shardAdded" : "shard3", "ok" : 1 }mongos> sh.status() #查看分片状态--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1, "minCompatibleVersion" : 5, "currentVersion" : 6, "clusterId" : ObjectId("5b83e28d28d74224a9920642")
}
shards: { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.100.150:27001,192.168.100.160:27001", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.100.160:27002,192.168.100.170:27002", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.100.150:27003,192.168.100.170:27003", "state" : 1 }
active mongoses: "3.4.16" : 1
autosplit:
Currently enabled: yes
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
NaN
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 0
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases:
分片启用完成。
分片测试
现在进行分片测试，任选一台机器操作，这里我选择A机器进行操作。
- 登录mongos进行测试：
# mongo --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000mongos> use admin
switched to db admin#指定要分片的数据，db.runCommand({enablesharding:"testdb"}) 也可以实现mongos> sh.enableSharding("testdb"){ "ok" : 1 }#指定数据库里需要分片的集合和片键，db.runCommand({shardcollection:"testdb.table1",key:{id:1}}) 也可以实现mongos> sh.shardCollection("testdb.table1",{"id":1}){ "collectionsharded" : "testdb.table1", "ok" : 1 }mongos> use testdb
switched to db testdb
mongos> for (var i = 1; i <= 10000; i++) db.table1.save({id:1,"test1":"testval1"}) #插入测试数据，10000条WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })mongos> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.001GB
testdb 0.000GB
mongos> sh.status()--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1, "minCompatibleVersion" : 5, "currentVersion" : 6, "clusterId" : ObjectId("5b83e28d28d74224a9920642")
}
shards: { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.100.150:27001,192.168.100.160:27001", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.100.160:27002,192.168.100.170:27002", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.100.150:27003,192.168.100.170:27003", "state" : 1 }
active mongoses: "3.4.16" : 1
autosplit:
Currently enabled: yes
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
NaN
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 0
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases: { "_id" : "testdb", "primary" : "shard2", "partitioned" : true }
testdb.table1 #有刚刚创建的数据
shard key: { "id" : 1 }
unique: false
balancing: true
chunks:
shard2 1 #刚刚创建的testdb.table1在shard2里面
{ "id" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "id" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : shard2 Timestamp(1, 0)
- 再创建一个库：
mongos> sh.enableSharding("db2"){ "ok" : 1 }mongos> sh.shardCollection("db2.col2",{"id":1}){ "collectionsharded" : "db2.col2", "ok" : 1 }mongos> sh.status()--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1, "minCompatibleVersion" : 5, "currentVersion" : 6, "clusterId" : ObjectId("5b83e28d28d74224a9920642")
}
shards: { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.100.150:27001,192.168.100.160:27001", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.100.160:27002,192.168.100.170:27002", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.100.150:27003,192.168.100.170:27003", "state" : 1 }
active mongoses: "3.4.16" : 1
autosplit:
Currently enabled: yes
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
NaN
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 0
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases: { "_id" : "testdb", "primary" : "shard2", "partitioned" : true }
testdb.table1
shard key: { "id" : 1 }
unique: false
balancing: true
chunks:
shard2 1 { "id" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "id" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : shard2 Timestamp(1, 0)
{ "_id" : "db2", "primary" : "shard1", "partitioned" : true }
db2.col2 #刚刚创建的db2.col2
shard key: { "id" : 1 }
unique: false
balancing: true
chunks:
shard1 1 #在shard1里面
{ "id" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "id" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : shard1 Timestamp(1, 0)
- 再创建一个库：
mongos> sh.enableSharding("db3"){ "ok" : 1 }mongos> sh.shardCollection("db3.col3",{"id":1}){ "collectionsharded" : "db3.col3", "ok" : 1 }mongos> sh.status()--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1, "minCompatibleVersion" : 5, "currentVersion" : 6, "clusterId" : ObjectId("5b83e28d28d74224a9920642")
}
shards: { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.100.150:27001,192.168.100.160:27001", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.100.160:27002,192.168.100.170:27002", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.100.150:27003,192.168.100.170:27003", "state" : 1 }
active mongoses: "3.4.16" : 1
autosplit:
Currently enabled: yes
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
NaN
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 0
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases: { "_id" : "testdb", "primary" : "shard2", "partitioned" : true }
testdb.table1
shard key: { "id" : 1 }
unique: false
balancing: true
chunks:
shard2 1 { "id" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "id" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : shard2 Timestamp(1, 0)
{ "_id" : "db2", "primary" : "shard1", "partitioned" : true }
db2.col2
shard key: { "id" : 1 }
unique: false
balancing: true
chunks:
shard1 1 { "id" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "id" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : shard1 Timestamp(1, 0)
{ "_id" : "db3", "primary" : "shard3", "partitioned" : true }
db3.col3 #刚刚创建的db3.col3
shard key: { "id" : 1 }
unique: false
balancing: true
chunks:
shard3 1 #在shard3上面
{ "id" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "id" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : shard3 Timestamp(1, 0)
可以看到数据是在三个分片上均衡存储的。这其实也不够明显，因为数据量不够庞大。当生产环境下数据量很庞大的时候，3个分片上面的数据就会很平均。
MongoDB备份和恢复
任选一台机器操作，下面在A机器上进行操作。
- 备份指定库：
# mkdir /tmp/mongobak; mongodump --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 -d testdb -o /tmp/mongobak# -d 指定备份的数据库；-o 指定存储的位置，这里如果不先创建存储位置目录，就无法备份2018-08-27T09:44:58.747-0400 writing testdb.table1 to
2018-08-27T09:44:58.808-0400 done dumping testdb.table1 (10000 documents)# ls /tmp/mongobak/testdb# ls /tmp/mongobak/testdb/table1.bson table1.metadata.json# cd !$cd /tmp/mongobak/testdb/# du -sh *528K table1.bson
4.0K table1.metadata.json# cat table1.metadata.json {"options":{},"indexes":[{"v":2,"key":{"_id":1},"name":"_id_","ns":"testdb.table1"},{"v":2,"key":{"id":1.0},"name":"id_1","ns":"testdb.table1"}]} #有刚刚创建的testdb.table1，有所记录
- 备份所有库：
# mongodump --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 -o /tmp/mongobak# 不使用-d 指定库，就会备份所有库；这里存储位置的目录不存在也会自动创建2018-08-27T09:52:22.762-0400 writing admin.system.version to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.764-0400 done dumping admin.system.version (1 document)2018-08-27T09:52:22.764-0400 writing testdb.table1 to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.764-0400 writing config.lockpings to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.764-0400 writing config.changelog to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.764-0400 writing config.locks to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.771-0400 done dumping config.lockpings (11 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.771-0400 writing config.chunks to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.776-0400 done dumping config.changelog (9 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.776-0400 writing config.collections to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.778-0400 done dumping config.collections (3 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.778-0400 writing config.databases to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.781-0400 done dumping config.locks (7 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.781-0400 writing config.shards to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.782-0400 done dumping config.shards (3 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.782-0400 writing config.mongos to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.785-0400 done dumping config.mongos (2 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.785-0400 writing config.version to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.786-0400 done dumping config.version (1 document)2018-08-27T09:52:22.786-0400 writing config.tags to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.789-0400 done dumping config.tags (0 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.789-0400 writing config.migrations to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.790-0400 done dumping config.migrations (0 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.790-0400 writing db2.col2 to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.795-0400 done dumping config.databases (3 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.795-0400 writing db3.col3 to 2018-08-27T09:52:22.797-0400 done dumping config.chunks (3 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.799-0400 done dumping db2.col2 (0 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.800-0400 done dumping db3.col3 (0 documents)2018-08-27T09:52:22.941-0400 done dumping testdb.table1 (10000 documents)# cd ..# ls admin config db2 db3 testdb #每一个目录代表一个库
- 备份指定集合：
# mongodump --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 -d testdb -c table1 -o /tmp/mongobak1# -c 指定备份的集合2018-08-27T09:57:12.795-0400 writing testdb.table1 to 2018-08-27T09:57:12.840-0400 done dumping testdb.table1 (10000 documents)# ls !$ls /tmp/mongobak1 testdb# ls /tmp/mongobak1/testdb/table1.bson table1.metadata.json
- 导出集合为json文件：
# mongoexport --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 -d testdb -c table1 -o /tmp/table1.json# mongoexport表示导出，-o 指定存储文件，不存在会自动创建2018-08-27T10:01:34.462-0400 connected to: 192.168.100.150:20000
2018-08-27T10:01:34.610-0400 exported 10000 records# vim !$vim /tmp/table1.json{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11ab"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11ac"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11ad"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11ae"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11af"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11b0"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11b1"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11b2"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}{"_id":{"$oid":"5b83fb338c1de6b83f6a11b3"},"id":1.0,"test1":"testval1"}# 这里就是我们之前插入的10000条数据，不是乱码
- 恢复指定库：
# mongorestore --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 -d mydb dir# -d 后跟要恢复的库，dir表示该库备份时所在的目录
- 恢复所有库：
# mongorestore --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 dir# dir表示该库备份时所在的目录
- 恢复集合：
# mongorestore --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 -d mydb -c tab1 dir# -c 后跟要恢复的库的集合，dir表示该集合备份时所在的目录
- 导入集合：
# mongoimport --host 192.168.100.150 --port 20000 -d testdb -c table1 --file /tmp/table1.json# mongoexport表示导出，--file指定导入文件
更多资料参考：