20145308刘昊阳 《Java程序设计》实验二 Java面向对象程序设计 实验报告
实验名称
- Java面向对象程序设计
实验内容
- 初步掌握单元测试和TDD
- 理解并掌握面相对象三要素：封装、继承、多态
- 初步掌握UML建模
- 掌握S.O.L.I.D原则
- 了解设计模式
统计的PSP(Personal Software Process)时间
| 步骤 | 耗时(min) | 百分比 |
|---|---|---|
| 需求分析 | 20~30 | 12.5% |
| 设计 | 20~30 | 12.5% |
| 代码实现 | 50~60 | 25% |
| 测试 | 50~60 | 25% |
| 分析总结 | 50~60 | 25% |
实验步骤
（一）单元测试
- 用实验示例代码进行试验
- 写完了第一代代码，建立
MyUtilTest类，并书写Test代码，通过编译
- 写完了第一代代码，建立
输入负分检测，出现bug
修改程序，使之能够处理负分情况
测试边界情况，出现bug
修改程序，使之能处理边界情况
-
使用TDD的方式设计实现复数类
Complex- 首先建立
test类，建立java文件，并将java文件go to到建立的test中 - 根据所想功能书写
test
- 首先建立
import org.junit.Test;
public class ComplexNumberTest {
@Test
public void ComplexNumber(){
//ComplexNumber()方法
ComplexNumber num1 = new ComplexNumber();
assert num1.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault1:ComplexNumber()函数有错误";
assert num1.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault2:ComplexNumber()函数有错误";
//ComplexNumber(double r,double I)方法
ComplexNumber num2 = new ComplexNumber(0, 0);
assert num2.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault3:ComplexNumber(double r,double I)函数有错误";
assert num2.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault4:ComplexNumber(double r,double I)函数有错误";
//GetRealPart()方法
assert num2.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault5:GetRealPart()函数有错误";
//GetImaginaryPart()方法
assert num2.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault6:GetImaginaryPart()函数有错误";
//SetRealPart(double d)方法
ComplexNumber num3 = new ComplexNumber();
num3.SetRealPart(0);
assert num3.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault7:SetRealPart(double d)函数有错误";
//SetImaginaryPart(double d)方法
num3.SetImaginaryPart(0);
assert num3.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault8:SetImaginaryPart(double d)函数有错误";
//ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)方法
ComplexNumber num4 = new ComplexNumber();
ComplexNumber num5 = new ComplexNumber(-1, -1);
ComplexNumber num6 = new ComplexNumber();
num4 = num1.ComplexAdd(num1);//自身相加，结果为0
assert num4.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault9:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
assert num4.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault10:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
num6 = num1.ComplexAdd(num5);//结果为负数
assert num6.m_dRealPart == -1 : "fault11:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
assert num6.m_dImaginPart == -1 : "fault12:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
//ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)方法
ComplexNumber num7 = new ComplexNumber();
ComplexNumber num8 = new ComplexNumber(1, 1);
ComplexNumber num9 = new ComplexNumber();
num7 = num1.ComplexMinus(num1);//自身相减，结果为0
assert num7.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault13:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
assert num7.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault14:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
num9 = num1.ComplexMinus(num8);//结果为负数
assert num9.m_dRealPart == -1 : "fault13:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
assert num9.m_dImaginPart == -1 : "fault14:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
//ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)方法
ComplexNumber num10 = new ComplexNumber();
ComplexNumber num11 = new ComplexNumber(-1, -1);
ComplexNumber num12 = new ComplexNumber();
ComplexNumber num13 = new ComplexNumber();
ComplexNumber num14 = new ComplexNumber(1, 1);
num10 = num1.ComplexMulti(num1);//自身相乘，结果为0
assert num10.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault15:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
assert num10.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault16:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
num12 = num1.ComplexMulti(num11);//0与复数相乘，结果为0
assert num12.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault17:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
assert num12.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault18:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
num13 = num11.ComplexMulti(num14);//正数与复数相乘，结果为负数
assert num13.m_dRealPart == -1 : "fault19:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
assert num13.m_dImaginPart == -1 : "fault20:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函数有错误";
//toString(double a,double b)方法
ComplexNumber num15 = new ComplexNumber(-1, -1);
ComplexNumber num16 = new ComplexNumber(0, 0);
assert num15.toString(num15.m_dRealPart, num15.m_dImaginPart).equals( -1-1+"i") : "fault21:toString(double a,double b)函数有错误";//实部虚部全部为复数
assert num16.toString(num16.m_dRealPart, num16.m_dImaginPart).equals(0) : "fault22e:toString(double a,double b)函数有错误";//实部虚部全部为0
//成功
// System.out.println("没有发现程序错误");
}
}
根据
test文件写java文件,开始进行测试，发生错误发现是
test文件把ComplexMulti()错写成ComplexAdd()，修改代码运行成功，出现
fault21修改
fault21没有解决错误
Complex类代码
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.lang.String;
public class ComplexNumber {
public double m_dRealPart;//实部
public double m_dImaginPart;//虚部
public ComplexNumber(){//构造函数，将实部虚部置0
double m_dRealPart = 0;
double m_dImaginPart = 0;
}
public ComplexNumber(double r,double I){//构造函数，创建复数对象的同时完成负数的实部虚部的初始化
this.m_dRealPart = r;
this.m_dImaginPart = I;
}
public double GetRealPart(){//获取实部
return this.m_dRealPart;
}
public double GetImaginaryPart(){//获取虚部
return this.m_dImaginPart;
}
public double SetRealPart(double d){//设置实部
m_dRealPart = d;
return m_dRealPart;
}
public double SetImaginaryPart(double d){//设置虚部
m_dImaginPart = d;
return m_dImaginPart;
}
ComplexNumber ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c){//复数相加
double real = c.GetRealPart();
double image = c.GetImaginaryPart();
double newReal = real + m_dRealPart;
double newImage = image + m_dImaginPart;
ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,newImage);
return Result;
}
/*ComplexNumber ComplexAdd(double c){//复数相加
double real = c;
double newReal = real + m_dRealPart;
ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,0);
return Result;
}*/
ComplexNumber ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c){//复数相减
double real = c.GetRealPart();
double image = c.GetImaginaryPart();
double newReal = m_dRealPart - real ;
double newImage = m_dImaginPart - image;
ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,newImage);
return Result;
}
/* ComplexNumber ComplexMinus(double c){//复数相减
double real = c;
double newReal = real - m_dRealPart;
ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,0);
return Result;
}*/
ComplexNumber ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c){//复数相乘
double real = c.GetRealPart();
double image = c.GetImaginaryPart();
double newReal = real * m_dRealPart;
double newImage = image * m_dImaginPart;
ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,newImage);
return Result;
}
/*ComplexNumber ComplexMulti(double c){//复数相乘
double real = c;
double newReal = real * m_dRealPart;
ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,0);
return Result;
}*/
public String toString(double a,double b){//把当前复数对象的实部虚部组合成a+bi的字符串形式
String c;
if(b == 0) {c =""+a;}//将double型变量转为String类型
else if(b < 0){c = a+b+"i";}
else {c = a+"+"+b +"i";}
return c;
}
}
- 使用StarUML建模
我的程序没有继承和操作接口，所以用实验示例来做
建立两个类，设定权限和类里面的方法
建立测试类
AnimalTest，将测试类依赖这两个类建立Animal，并设定为父类，将两个子类设定继承该父类，有继承和操作接口的完整图
问题及解决过程
问题：
toString类的test出错，经过查询代码，应该没有错误，感觉是test文件不对解决过程：修改代码还是运行不出来，有待解决
问题：建模时建立了父类
Animal子类无法继承解决过程：对照示例发现
Animal没有变成斜体字，无法继承，就勾选了Properties工具栏中的IsAbstract选项，成功
实验体会
- 这次实验内容很多，学习了单元测试，还接触了一个全新的软件
StarUML,并用软件进行建模，感觉实验时间虽然紧张，但是还是学习到了很多，当然也有很多没解决的问题 - 单元测试真的很方便，在写程序前就可以设计好程序再进行书写，避免有bug，还可以对书写好的类进行全面的测试，体会到了三种代码的区别与用处
- 建模将Java中类的抽象的封装继承关系具体到图形上，让人更直观的感受到了他们之间的关系