1 本文简介:
通过特意引发问题,聚焦问题,解决问题,并循序渐进
最后总结jdbc连接oracle12c中cdb和pdb的条件.
软件环境:Redhat7.1+orcacle12c
2 准备阶段:
2.1 listener.ora和tnsnames.ora配置:
所有动作前,先贴出listener.ora和tnsnames.ora配置:
2.1.1 listener.ora>>
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
2.1.2 tnsnames.ora>>
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. PDBORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = pdborcl)
)
) LISTENER_ORACLE12C =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = oracle12c)
)
) ORACLE12C =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = oracle12c)
)
)
(注意添加PDBORCL)
2.1 用户创建
2.1.1 用户创建:
SQL> create user scott identified by scott;
create user scott identified by scott
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to
// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role
// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII
// characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.
// SQL> create user c##scott identified by scott; User created.
(公共用户名注意以c##开头)
2.1.2 用户授权:
SQL> grant dba to c##scott; Grant succeeded.
3 开始阶段:
3.1 启动监听:
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date 04-JUN-2015 09:17:52
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
远程机子ping服务机
C:\Users\baby>tnsping 192.168.75.131:1521 TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-6月 -
2015 12:30:50 Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已使用的参数文件: 已使用 HOSTNAME 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST
=192.168.75.131)(PORT=1521)))
OK (30 毫秒)
成功启动监听,并如上远程tnsping通监听,但未启动数据库服务时,
Jdbc连接时就会报如下错误 java.sql.SQLRecoverableException: Listener refused the connection with the following error:
ORA-12514, TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
3.2 启动数据库服务:
LSNRCTL> exit
[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sqlplussys/sys_oracle as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production onThu Jun 4 09:51:07 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> starttup
SP2-0042: unknown command"starttup" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 411041792 bytes
Fixed Size 2925024 bytes
Variable Size 276827680 bytes
Database Buffers 125829120 bytes
Redo Buffers 5459968 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
3.3 查看监听状态
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 04-JUN-2015 10:06:15 Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date 04-JUN-2015 09:17:52
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 48 min. 22 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/oracle12c/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "oracle12c" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "oracle12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oracle12cXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "oracle12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdborcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "oracle12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
3.4 Jdbc连接cdb数据库实例oracle12c过程:
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/oracle12c", "c##scott", "scott");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("连接对象:"+conn);
3.5 Jdbc连接cdb数据库实例oracle12c结果:
连接对象:oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection@3d3ee5c4
3.6 Jdbc连接pdb数据库实例oracle12c过程:
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/pdborcl", " c##scott ", "scott");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("连接对象:"+conn);
3.7 Jdbc连接pdb数据库实例oracle12c结果:
(失败,原因:未启动名为pdborcl的pdb数据库)
java.sql.SQLRecoverableException:ORA-01033: ORACLE initialization or shutdown in progress
3.8 启动名为pdborcl的pdb数据库:
[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sqlplus sys/sys_oracle@pdborcl as sysdba; SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jun 4 10:09:18 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBORCL
SQL> startup
Pluggable Database opened.
3.9 再次尝试jdbc连接pdb数据库
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/pdborcl", "c##scott", "scott");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("连接对象:"+conn);
3.10 再次尝试jdbc连接pdb数据库结果:
连接对象:oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection@76c20307
4 引发问题*:
4.1 pdb数据库未开启引发问题:
java.sql.SQLRecoverableException:ORA-01033: ORACLE initialization or shutdown in progress
4.2 防火墙阻挡引发问题:
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2015-06-04 12:32:06 CST; 8s ago
Main PID: 6060 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─6060 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid Jun 04 12:32:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[]: Started firewalld - dynamic...
导致结果:
C:\Users\baby>tnsping 192.168.75.131:1521 TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-6月 -
2015 12:33:13 Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已使用的参数文件: 已使用 HOSTNAME 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST
=192.168.75.131)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12535: TNS: 操作超时
(ps:防火墙命令由iptables迭代为firewalld;防火墙开启,且没取消阻挡端口,此时tnsping会等待很久,最后提示" TNS-12535:TNS: 操作超时")
至此,已经完成jdbc连接oracle12c的cdb和pdb数据库!
4.3 jdbc连接字符串引发问题:
l jdbc连接cdb数据库时,url兼容2种模式:
ü "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521:oracle12c"
ü "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/oracle12c"
l jdbc连接pdb数据库时url必须使用:" jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/oracle12c"格式,若使用传统格式" jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521:oracle12c"则会报一下错误:
java.sql.SQLException: Listenerrefused the connection with the following error:
ORA-12505, TNS:listener does notcurrently know of SID given in connect descriptor
5 总结概要:
5.1 tnsping能ping通的条件:
l 监听配置正确;
l ping [ip] 能ping通,客户端与服务端网络互通;
l 关闭防火墙(systemctlstop firewalld);
5.2 jdbc连接oracle12的数据库需要具备的条件:
l 监听成功启用,且tnsping通过(OK (30 毫秒);
l tnsnames.ora配置正确(连接pdb数据库,注意添加pdb服务项,具体如何配置查看[准备阶段]);
l 监听连带的相应数据库成功开启;
l Jdbc连接字符串迭代更新为”jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/pdborcl”而非" jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521:pdborcl"
6 知识补充:
6.1 Oracle12c新特性之cdb&pdb:
Oracle 12C引入了CDB与PDB的新特性，在ORACLE12C数据库引入的多租用户环境（Multitenant Environment）中，允许一个数据库容器（CDB）承载多个可插拔数据库（PDB）。CDB全称为ContainerDatabase，中文翻译为数据库容器，PDB全称为Pluggable Database，即可插拔数据库。在ORACLE 12C之前，实例与数据库是一对一或多对一关系（RAC）：即一个实例只能与一个数据库相关联，数据库可以被多个实例所加载。而实例与数据库不可能是一对多的关系。当进入ORACLE 12C后，实例与数据库可以是一对多的关系。下面是官方文档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。