Oracle 12c RAC On linux Using VMwate Workstation（安装笔记-图解）一
OS版本：[红帽企业Linux.6.4.服务器版].rhel-server-6.4-x86_64
database 版本：12.1.0.2
一、系统安装及基本配置
创建虚拟机--略
（配置网卡与共享磁盘）
搭建RAC 磁盘必须选择立即分配所有磁盘空间，否则节点2执行root脚本过不去
根据自己需求添加盘的个数
添加的盘，加设备节点以1:0 依次向下
在vmware安装目录住找到配置文件
添加以下内容
disk.locking = "FALSE"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCachePageSize = "4096"
diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"
scsi1.present = "TRUE"
scsi1.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
scsi1.sharedBus = "VIRTUAL"
scsi1:0.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:0.mode = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:0.deviceType = "plainDisk"
scsi1:0.redo = ""
scsi1:1.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:1.mode = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:1.deviceType = "plainDisk"
scsi1:1.redo = ""
修改主机名
修改/etc/sysconfig/network中的hostname
配置IP地址
节点1：
Cp eth0 到 eth1 并修改
通过vmare配置查看网卡的hwaddr
节点2：
Cp
eth0 到 eth1 并修改
关闭防火墙与selinux
[root@rac1 ~]# service iptables stop
–关闭防火墙服务
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK
]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT:
filter [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
–关闭下次开机自动启动
关闭selinux
A 不需要重启Linux:
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
B 需要重启Linux:
vi /etc/selinux/config 将SELINUX=enforcing 改成SELINUX=disabled
service network restart (重启网络服务)
以下2个节点都需要配置--
DNS 识别IP
|
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.133.12 12crac1 192.168.133.14 12crac1-vip 10.10.10.1 12crac1-priv 192.168.133.13 12crac2 192.168.133.15 12crac2-vip 10.10.10.2 12crac2-priv 192.168.133.8 scan-rac ~ |
二、检查服务器硬件和内存配置
--确定物理RAM大小
|
[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1914688 kB [root@localhost ~]# |
--确定交换空间的大小
|
[root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal: 4095992 kB [root@localhost ~]# |
--确认空闲磁盘空间大小
|
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 36G 2.3G 32G 7% / tmpfs 935M 228K 935M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 291M 37M 240M 14% /boot [root@localhost ~]# |
--确认系统版本及平台
|
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a Linux yangzai 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@localhost ~]# |
--确认磁盘空间
|
[root@localhost Packages]# df -k Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 36949700 6298512 28774248 18% / tmpfs 957344 224 957120 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 297485 37263 244862 14% /boot /dev/sr0 49064 49064 0 100% /media/CDROM /dev/sr1 3632776 3632776 0 100% /media/RHEL_6.4 x86_64 Disc 1 /dev/sr1 3632776 3632776 0 100% /mnt/cdrom |
/dev/shm 空间为达到要求
|
[root@yangzai ~]# vi /etc/fstab
# # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 15 08:37:10 2015 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘ # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=471d7630-2b2e-4245-bd6c-2e011d9b5ba9 / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=8480ac25-785c-4baa-8a30-27ab477bb5d8 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=d5affd28-84db-4de5-937e-c841c758c937 swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1140850688 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 ~ |
重新挂载
|
mount -o remount /dev/shm
[root@yangzai ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 36G 19G 16G 56% / tmpfs 1.1G 635M 454M 59% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 291M 37M 240M 14% /boot |
三、检查系统软件包是否安装齐全
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (i686)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (i686)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (i686)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (i686)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (i686)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
|
rpm -q --qf ‘%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n‘ binutils \ compat-libcap1 \ compat-libstdc++ \ gcc \ gcc-c++ \ glibc \ glibc-devel \ ksh \ libgcc \ libstdc++ \ libstdc++-devel \ libaio \ libaio-devel \ libXext \ libXtst \ libX11 \ libXau \ libxcb \ libXi \ make \ sysstat
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 (x86_64) package compat-libcap1 is not installed package compat-libstdc++ is not installed gcc-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) package gcc-c++ is not installed glibc-2.12-1.107.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6 (x86_64) package ksh is not installed libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) package libstdc++-devel is not installed libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) package libaio-devel is not installed libXext-1.3.1-2.el6 (x86_64) libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6 (x86_64) libX11-1.5.0-4.el6 (x86_64) libXau-1.0.6-4.el6 (x86_64) libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6 (x86_64) libXi-1.6.1-3.el6 (x86_64) make-3.81-20.el6 (x86_64) sysstat-9.0.4-20.el6 (x86_64) |
--挂载安装光盘 配置yum
|
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr1 /mnt/cdrom [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /rh6/cdrom [root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt/cdrom /rh6/cdrom/
配置yum [root@localhost RHEL_6.4 x86_64 Disc 1]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi public-yum-o16.repo
[el6_base] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4 baseurl=file:///rh6/cdrom/cdrom/Packages/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 #gpgkey=file:/rh6/cdrom/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
[root@yangzai ~]# cd /rh6/cdrom/cdrom/Packages [root@yangzai Packages]# createrepo . -bash: createrepo: command not found 缺少createrepo-包 [root@yangzai Packages]# rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:deltarpm ########################################### [100%] [root@yangzai Packages]# rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:python-deltarpm ########################################### [100%] [root@yangzai Packages]# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-17.el6.noarch.rpm warning: createrepo-0.9.9-17.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:createrepo ########################################### [100%] [root@yangzai Packages]# [root@yangzai Packages]# createrepo . Spawning worker 0 with 3720 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@yangzai Packages]# |
--安装缺少的包
|
[root@yangzai Packages]# yum install compat-libcap1* [root@yangzai Packages]# yum install compat-libstdc++* [root@yangzai Packages]# yum install gcc-c++* [root@yangzai Packages]# yum install ksh* [root@yangzai Packages]# yum install libstdc++* [root@yangzai Packages]# yum install libaio-* [root@yangzai Packages]# yum install libXext-1.3.1-2* [root@yangzai Packages]# yum install libXtst-1.2.1-2* [root@yangzai Packages]#yum install nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86_64.rpm |
--再次检查
|
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -q --qf ‘%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n‘ binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 (x86_64) compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64) compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (i686) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64) gcc-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) glibc-2.12-1.107.el6 (x86_64) glibc-2.12-1.107.el6 (i686) glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6 (i686) ksh-20100621-19.el6 (x86_64) libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6 (i686) libstdc++-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.7-3.el6 (i686) libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6 (i686) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686) libXext-1.3.1-2.el6 (x86_64) libXext-1.3.1-2.el6 (i686) libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6 (x86_64) libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6 (i686) libX11-1.5.0-4.el6 (x86_64) libX11-1.5.0-4.el6 (i686) libXau-1.0.6-4.el6 (x86_64) libXau-1.0.6-4.el6 (i686) libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6 (x86_64) libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6 (i686) libXi-1.6.1-3.el6 (x86_64) libXi-1.6.1-3.el6 (i686) make-3.81-20.el6 (x86_64) sysstat-9.0.4-20.el6 (x86_64) [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# |
四、创建用户与组
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/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 400 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 401 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 402 asmadmin /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 403 asmdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 404 asmoper /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 405 oper
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 400 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid /usr/sbin/useradd -u 401 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,asmadmin,oper oracle
#passwd oracle #passwd grid
|
五、配置内核参数和资源限制
|
Parameter |
Value |
File |
|
semmsl semmns semopm semmni |
250 32000 100 128 |
/proc/sys/kernel/sem |
|
shmall |
2097152 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
|
shmmax |
Half the size of physical memory (in bytes) |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
|
shmmni |
4096 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
|
file-max |
6815744 |
/proc/sys/fs/file-max |
|
ip_local_port_range |
Minimum:9000 Maximum: 65500 |
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
|
rmem_default |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
|
rmem_max |
4194304 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
|
wmem_default |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
|
wmem_max |
1048576 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
|
aio-max-nr |
1048576 |
/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr |
--编辑/etc/sysctl.conf添加
|
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 1073741824 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 |
使参数生效
/sbin/sysctl -p
注意： SUSE系统上,必须输入oinstall组的GID为参数的值/proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
|
echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
编辑/etc/sysctl.conf 添加 vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501
设置读取/etc/sysctl.conf时重启 /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on |
六、添加软件安装用户资源限制
--编辑/etc/security/limits.conf 添加
|
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 grid soft nproc 2047 grid hard nproc 16384 grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536
|
--编辑/etc/pam.d/login 添加
|
session required pam_limits.so |
-- Bourne，Bash或Korn shell在/etc/profile文件添加
|
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi
|
--若为C shell（csh或tcsh的），添加以下几行到/ etc / csh.login
|
if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then limit maxproc 16384 limit descriptors 65536 endif
|
七、配置软件所有者的目录及环境
--创建目录
|
[root@yangzai ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle [root@yangzai ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle [root@yangzai ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oracle [root@yangzai ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0 [root@yangzai ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/ [root@yangzai ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/
[root@yangzai ~]# mkdir -p /grid/app/grid [root@yangzai ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /grid/app/grid [root@yangzai ~]# chmod -R 775 /grid/app/grid [root@yangzai ~]# mkdir -p /grid/app/grid/12.1.0 [root@yangzai ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /grid/app/grid/12.1.0/ [root@yangzai ~]# chmod -R 775 /grid/app/grid/12.1.0/ |
--设置环境变量
节点1：
|
[oracle@yangzai ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0 export ORACLE_SID=qiudb1 export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export DISPLAY=192.168.133.1:0.0
~
Grid
export ORACLE_BASE=/grid/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/grid/app/grid/12.1.0 export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch export DISPLAY=192.168.133.1:0.0 |
节点2：
|
[oracle@yangzai ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0 export ORACLE_SID=qiudb2 export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export DISPLAY=192.168.133.1:0.0
~
Grid
export ORACLE_BASE=/grid/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/grid/app/grid/12.1.0 export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2 export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch export DISPLAY=192.168.133.1:0.0 |
八、使用udev绑定磁盘代替ASMLIB
--在vmware 中修改配置文件 添加
disk.EnableUUID="TRUE"
--重启系统
|
[root@yangzai ~]# reboot
Broadcast message from root@yangzai (/dev/pts/0) at 22:23 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yangzai ~]#
|
--获取UUID 并绑定 （节点2同样需求配置）
|
[root@12crac1dev]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdb 36000c299a122373974d0976ff6ab876e [root@12crac1 dev]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdc 36000c29eca9b807acad3e76806635408
[root@12crac1 ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/ [root@12crac1 rules.d]# ls 60-fprint-autosuspend.rules 70-persistent-cd.rules 90-hal.rules 99-fuse.rules 60-pcmcia.rules 70-persistent-net.rules 97-bluetooth-serial.rules 99-vmware-scsi-udev.rules 60-raw.rules 90-alsa.rules 98-kexec.rules [root@yangzai rules.d]# vi 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sdb", BUS=="scsi",PROGRAM=="//sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c299a122373974d0976ff6ab876e",NAME="asm-disk1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdc", BUS=="scsi",PROGRAM=="//sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c29eca9b807acad3e76806635408",NAME="asm-disk2",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" [root@yangzai rules.d]# vi /etc/scsi_id.config options=-g ~ |
--启动udev
|
[root@12crac1 rules.d]# start_udev Starting udev: [ OK ] [root@yangzai rules.d]# |
--检验
[root@12crac1 dev]# ls -ltr /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Jan 14 19:07 /dev/asm-disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Jan 14 19:17 /dev/asm-disk1
[root@12crac1 dev]#