中间件
- 拦截请求跟响应
- 进行ua(User-Agent ) 伪装 代理 IP
中间件位置:
引擎 和下载器 中间 的中间件 ( 下载中间件)
引擎 跟 spider 中间 的中间件 ( 爬虫中间件)(不常用)
下载中间件中的ua 伪装
下载中间件可以拦截调度器发送给下载器的请求。可以将请求的相应信息进行篡改，主要可以通过拦截请求修改请求的ip
-
在settings 中开启下载中间件
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'postPro.middlewares.PostproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
} process_request()
更改中间件中的 : ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
-
使用 UA 池
user_agent_list = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]#拦截所有的正常的请求对象
def process_request(self, request, spider):
#可以拦截到所有的响应对象
request.headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
代理IP
-
process_exception(self, request,)
ip列表
PROXY_http = [
'153.180.102.104:80',
'195.208.131.189:56055',
]
PROXY_https = [
'120.83.49.90:9000',
'95.189.112.214:35508',
] -
使用 ip代理池:
# request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://ip/port' # 判断请求协议头
#拦截的是发生异常的请求对象
def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
#设置代理ip
if request.url.split(':')[0] == 'http':
request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_http)
else:
request.meta['proxy'] = 'https://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_https)- 验证 使用 百度查询 请求ip 地址
提高scrapy 爬取效率
修改的 配置项