前面实现了一个多线程的web视频监控服务器,由于服务器资源有限(CPU,内存,带宽),需要对请求连接数(线程数)做限制,避免因资源耗尽而瘫痪。
要求:使用线程池,替代原来的每次请求创建线程。
解决方案:
使用标准库汇总concurrent.futures
下的ThreadPoolExecutor
类,对象的submit()
和map()
方法可以用来启动线程池中的线程执行任务。
- 对于
ThreadPoolExecutor
类:
class concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='', initializer=None, initargs=())
Executor的一个子类,使用最多max_workers个线程的线程池来异步执行调用。
initializer是在每个工作者线程开始处调用的一个可选可调用对象。initargs是传递给初始化器的元组参数。任何向池提交更多工作的尝试,initializer都将引发一个异常,当前所有等待的工作都会引发一个BrokenThreadPool。
submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)
调度可调用对象fn,以fn(*args **kwargs)
方式执行并返回Future对象代表可调用对象的执行。
map(func, *iterables, timeout=None, chunksize=1)
类似于map(func, *iterables)
,不过立即收集iterables而不是延迟再收集,另外func是异步执行的且对func的调用可以并发执行。
>>> import threading, time, random>>> def f(a, b):... print(threading.current_thread().name, ':', a, b)... time.sleep(random.randint(5, 10))... return a * b...>>> from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor>>> executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(3) #创建3个线程的线程池>>> executor.submit(f, 2, 3)ThreadPoolExecutor-0_0 : 2 3<Future at 0x7f831190a4e0 state=running>>>> future = executor.submit(f, 2, 3)ThreadPoolExecutor-0_0 : 2 3>>> future.result()6
>>> executor.map(f, range(1, 6), range(2, 7))ThreadPoolExecutor-0_1 : 1 2<generator object Executor.map.<locals>.result_iterator at 0x7f830ef736d8>>>> ThreadPoolExecutor-0_0 : 2 3ThreadPoolExecutor-0_2 : 3 4ThreadPoolExecutor-0_1 : 4 5ThreadPoolExecutor-0_0 : 5 6>>> list(executor.map(f, range(1, 6), range(2, 7)))ThreadPoolExecutor-0_2 : 1 2ThreadPoolExecutor-0_1 : 2 3ThreadPoolExecutor-0_0 : 3 4ThreadPoolExecutor-0_2 : 4 5ThreadPoolExecutor-0_1 : 5 6[2, 6, 12, 20, 30]
这里执行map()方法时,首先3个线程执行任务,执行完毕后返回线程池,然后再次得到2个线程执行任务,直到所有任务全部执行完毕。
调用summit()
是执行一个任务,而调用map()
是对所有任务依次执行。
- 方案示例:
import os, cv2, time, struct, threadingfrom http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandlerfrom socketserver import TCPServer, ThreadingTCPServerfrom threading import Thread, RLockfrom select import selectfrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorclass JpegStreamer(Thread): def __init__(self, camrea): super().__init__() self.cap = cv2.VideoCapture(camrea) self.lock = RLock() self.pipes = {} def register(self): pr, pw = os.pipe() self.lock.acquire() self.pipes[pr] = pw self.lock.release() return pr def unregister(self, pr): self.lock.acquire() pw = self.pipes.pop(pr) self.lock.release() os.close(pr) os.close(pw) def capture(self): cap = self.cap while cap.isOpened(): ret, frame = cap.read() if ret: ret, data = cv2.imencode('.jpg', frame, (cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY, 40)) yield data.tostring() def send_frame(self, frame): n = struct.pack('1', len(frame)) self.lock.acquire() if len(self.pipes): _, pipes, _ = select([], self.pipes.values(), [], 1) for pipe in pipes: os.write(pipe, n) os.write(pipe, frame) self.lock.release() def run(self): for frame in self.capture(): self.send_frame(frame)class JpegRetriever: def __init__(self, streamer): self.streamer = streamer self.local = threading.local() def retrieve(self): while True: ns = os.read(self.local.pipe, 8) n = struct.unpack('1', ns)[0] data = os.read(self.local.pipe, n) yield data def __enter__(self): if hasattr(self.local, 'pipe'): raise RuntimeError() self.local.pipe = streamer.register() return self.retrieve() def __exit__(self, *args): self.streamer.unregister(self.local.pipe) del self.local.pipe return Trueclass WebHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler): retriever = None @staticmethod def set_retriever(retriever): WebHandler.retriever = retriever def do_GET(self): if self.retriever is None: raise RuntimeError('no retriever') if self.path != '/': return self.send_response(200) self.send_header('Content-type', 'multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=jpeg_frame') self.end_headers() with self.retriever as frames: for frame in frames: self.send_frame(frame) def send_frame(self, frame): sh = b'--jpeg_frame\r\n' sh += b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n' sh += b'Content-Length: %d\r\n\r\n' % len(frame) self.wfile.write(sh) self.wfile.write(frame)class ThreadingPoolTCPServer(ThreadingTCPServer): def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True, thread_n=100): super().__init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True) self.executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(thread_n) def process_request(self, request, client_address): self.executor.submit(self.process_request_thread, request, client_address)if __name__ == '__main__': # 创建Streamer,开启摄像头采集 streamer = JpegStreamer(0) streamer.start() # http服务器创建Retriever retriever = JpegRetriever(streamer) WebHandler.set_retriever(retriever) # 开启http服务器 HOST = '192.168.30.128' POST = 9000 print('Start server...(http://%s:%d)' % (HOST, POST)) httpd = ThreadingPoolTCPServer((HOST, POST), WebHandler, thread_n=3) #线程池线程数量为3 httpd.serve_forever()
此时,通过浏览器访问会发现,至多3个窗口可以同时访问,即至多产生3条访问记录,更多访问无法得到响应,因为线程池中的线程数量只为3。