一、WSL初始化
从Windows引用商店搜搜Linux，下载Ubuntu（可选18.04或者20.04都可），下载完成后开始菜单点击安装，会要求初始化用户名和密码。
二、创建root用户
后续操作需要root权限，Ubuntu默认是没有root用户的，需要先手动创建
sudo passwd root
输入密码
三、更改阿里云下载镜像
这一步非常重要，可以极大提升用户体验，从阿里开源镜像站复制对应下载源，然后按这个步骤操作：https://blog.csdn.net/Mingzhul/article/details/105302399
注意先备份再修改，养成良好操作习惯。
四、安装vscode
随着时代的进步，这一步的操作貌似有几种方式，应该都可以吧
- 可以参考这个，编译安装VSCode：https://blog.csdn.net/reeeeein/article/details/104628415
- 或者直接通过 Remote-WSL 直接启动：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43876113/article/details/105261577 ，不知道是不是我已经用第一步安装了的原因，这样的确是可行的
- 从官网下载VSCode Linux安装包安装，我觉得这种比较通用，步骤如下：
这一步需要首先在Windows上安装好VSCode及 Remote-WSL插件，现在有 C/C++ Extension Pack 插件，可以装一大堆C++开发的插件，其中就有这个。 然后从VSCode官网下载Ubuntu的.deb安装包，比如放到D盘，然后拷贝到home目录下（以root用户操作）：
cp /mnt/d/code_1.62.0-1635954068_amd64.deb ./
注意：WSL和Windows通过 /mnt/win磁盘路径 共享磁盘，然后安装：
dpkg -i code_1.62.0-1635954068_amd64.deb
这样就再wsl上安装好了VScode，在其他Linux上都可以这么操作，万能的VSCode，然后切换到代码目录，例如在 /home/testcode 目录下，VScode可以运行命令启动（也可直接在Windows中用Remote-WSL连接启动，区别在于启动后工作空间名字不一样...）：
cd /home/testcode
code .
这样就会在Windows上的VScode中远程打开当前 testcode 目录。
五、C++开发配置
最后就是一些构建配置，在工程目录下的 .vscode 目录下，一般来说这个目录和需要的文件会由VSCode自动生成，需要了解其含义，适当手动修改：
C++工程配置 c_cpp_properties.json，会在直接运行项目时用到：
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [ // 头文件查找路径
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
"../include"
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
"cStandard": "c11",
"cppStandard": "c++14",
"intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
"configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
}
],
"version": 4
}
gdb调试配置 launch.json ，会在F5执行调试时用到：
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(gdb) Launch", //启动配置的下拉菜单中显示的名称
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/testServer", // 将要进行调试的程序的路径
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false, // 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口处
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/bin", // 调试程序时的工作目录
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false, // 调试时是否显示控制台窗口
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "build-debug" // 调试会话开始前执行的任务，一般为编译程序
}
]
}
settings.json，这个不知道有什么用，貌似与用到的库有关：
{
"files.associations": {
"functional": "cpp",
"initializer_list": "cpp",
"array": "cpp",
"atomic": "cpp",
"*.tcc": "cpp",
"cctype": "cpp",
"clocale": "cpp",
"cmath": "cpp",
"cstdarg": "cpp",
"cstdint": "cpp",
"cstdio": "cpp",
"cstdlib": "cpp",
"cstring": "cpp",
"ctime": "cpp",
"cwchar": "cpp",
"cwctype": "cpp",
"deque": "cpp",
"list": "cpp",
"unordered_map": "cpp",
"vector": "cpp",
"exception": "cpp",
"fstream": "cpp",
"iosfwd": "cpp",
"iostream": "cpp",
"istream": "cpp",
"limits": "cpp",
"new": "cpp",
"ostream": "cpp",
"numeric": "cpp",
"sstream": "cpp",
"stdexcept": "cpp",
"streambuf": "cpp",
"cfenv": "cpp",
"tuple": "cpp",
"type_traits": "cpp",
"utility": "cpp",
"typeinfo": "cpp",
"memory": "cpp",
"forward_list": "cpp",
"string": "cpp"
},
"cmake.configureOnOpen": true
}
tasks.json ，构建任务配置，配置了一些 make 参数
{
// See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
// for the documentation about the tasks.json format
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "build-release",
"command": "make",
"args": [
"-j4",
"-C",
"${workspaceFolder}/build/"
],
"type": "shell",
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
]
},
{
"label": "build-debug",
"command": "make",
"args": [
"-j4",
"-C",
"${workspaceFolder}/build/"
],
"type": "shell",
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
]
},
{
"label": "clean",
"command": "make",
"args": [
"-C",
"${workspaceFolder}/build/",
"clean"
],
"type": "shell",
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
]
}
]
}