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@@@@@@@利用BBED模拟损坏5文件1号块（文件头）
BBED> copy file 4 block 4 to file 5 block 1
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1ea20000 04000001 1a4b0000 00000104 99810000 <32 bytes per line> sys@PROD> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys@PROD> starup
SP2-0042: unknown command "starup" - rest of line ignored.
sys@PROD> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes
Fixed Size 2233960 bytes
Variable Size 251660696 bytes
Database Buffers 679477248 bytes
Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'
ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt
BBED開始恢复
1、找个文件头覆盖
BBED> copy file 4 block 1 to file 5 block 1
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0ba20000 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 <32 bytes per line>
2、进入5文件1号块
BBED> set file 5 block 1
FILE# 5
BLOCK# 1
（1）改块的地址5文件1号块，rdba_kcbh
BBED> p kcvfhbfh
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x0b
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 0xa2
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 0x00
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 0x00
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x01000001
ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00000000
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 0x0000
ub1 seq_kcbh @14 0x01
ub1 flg_kcbh @15 0x04 (KCBHFCKV)
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 0xbced
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 0x0000
0x01000001===》0000 0001 0000==》100==》4号文件1号块
改动成5号1块 ===》0x01400001
BBED> d /v offset 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 l ............í?..
00000000
BBED> m /x 01004001 offset 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01004001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 00000000
(2)文件的大小kccfhfsz
BBED> p kcvfhhdr
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kccfhswv @20 0x00000000
ub4 kccfhcvn @24 0x0b200000
ub4 kccfhdbi @28 0x0f302c3e
text kccfhdbn[0] @32 P
text kccfhdbn[1] @33 R
text kccfhdbn[2] @34 O
text kccfhdbn[3] @35 D
text kccfhdbn[4] @36
text kccfhdbn[5] @37
text kccfhdbn[6] @38
text kccfhdbn[7] @39
ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00000d3d
ub4 kccfhfsz @44 0x00003200
s_blkz kccfhbsz @48 0x00
ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004
ub2 kccfhtyp @54 0x0003
ub4 kccfhacid @56 0x00000000
ub4 kccfhcks @60 0x00000000
text kccfhtag[0] @64
....................
sys@PROD> select name from v$dbfile where file#=5; NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf [oracle@jfdb PROD]$ ls -lFtr |grep tp01
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 524296192 Jun 8 18:58 tp01.dbf sys@PROD> select 524296192/8192 from dual; 524296192/8192
--------------
64001
注：0号块他是操作系头不为ORACLE所控制
64001-1=64000个块（10进制）
64000（10）==fa00(16)=====>bbed存储：00fa0000
BBED> d /v offset 44
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
00320000 00200000 04000300 00000000 l .2... ..........
00000000
BBED> m /x 00fa0000 44
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00fa0000 00200000 04000300 00000000 00000000
(3)改动文件号（4--->5）
ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004
BBED> d /v offset 52
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
04000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 BBED> m /x 05 offset 52
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
05000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
(4)改动文件创建时SCN
BBED> p kcvfhcrs
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kscnbas @100 0x00004b14
ub2 kscnwrp @104 0x0000 sys@PROD> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE# from v$datafile where file#=5; FILE# CREATION_CHANGE#
---------- ----------------
5 363921 sys@PROD> select to_char('363921','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('36392
--------------
58d91 ===（倒：918d0500）==》00058d91 BBED> d /v offset 100
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
144b0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l .K......0? >2¤.￥2
ec4f1900 BBED> m /x 918d offset 100
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
918d0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 BBED> m /x 0500 offset 102
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 102 to 121 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
05000000 000030cf 3e32a41d a532ec4f 19000000 BBED> d /v offset 100
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
918d0500 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l ........0?>2¤.￥2
ec4f1900
(5)改动文件创建时间
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30
BBED> p kcvfhcrt
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30 sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime,
2 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+
3 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+
4 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+
5 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'hh24')*3600+
6 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mi')*60+
7 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN
8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5); FILE# CREATETIME CREATETIMESCN
---------- ------------------- -------------
4 2014-03-23 16:17:52 842977072
5 2014-03-29 10:32:22 843474742 sys@PROD> select '4' file#, to_char('842977072','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; F TO_CHAR('842977
- ---------------
4 323ecf30 ===>倒：30cf3e32 sys@PROD> select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; sys@PROD> select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; F TO_CHAR('843474
- ---------------
5 32466736 ==》36674632 BBED> d /v offset 108
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 l 0?>2¤.￥2ìO......
d713a532 BBED> m /x 36674632 offset 108
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
36674632 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 d713a532
(6)改动表空间号
sword kcvfhtsn @332 4
sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5);
FILE# TS#
---------- ----------
4 4
5 5
BBED> d /v offset 332
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
04000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 l ......USERS.....
00000000 l ....
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> m /x 05 offset 332
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
05000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 00000000
(7)改动相对文件号
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 0x00000004
BBED> d /v offset 368
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
04000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 05 offset 368
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
05000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
(8)改动表空间的名称
BBED> p kcvfhtnm
text kcvfhtnm[0] @338 U
text kcvfhtnm[1] @339 S
text kcvfhtnm[2] @340 E
text kcvfhtnm[3] @341 R
text kcvfhtnm[4] @342 S
text kcvfhtnm[5] @343
text kcvfhtnm[6] @344
text kcvfhtnm[7] @345
text kcvfhtnm[8] @346
text kcvfhtnm[9] @347
text kcvfhtnm[10] @348
text kcvfhtnm[11] @349
text kcvfhtnm[12] @350 sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5); FILE# TS#
---------- ----------
4 4
5 5 sys@PROD> select TS#,NAME from v$tablespace where ts# in(4,5); TS# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
4 USERS
5 TP1 BBED> d /v offset 338
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
55534552 53000000 00000000 00000000 l USERS...........
00000000 sys@PROD> select dump('USERS',16) from dual; DUMP('USERS',16)
----------------------------
Typ=96 Len=5: 55,53,45,52,53 sys@PROD> select dump('TP1',16) from dual; DUMP('TP1',16)
----------------------
Typ=96 Len=3: 54,50,31 BBED> m /x 54503100 offset 338
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
54503100 53000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 00 offset 342
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 342 to 361 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> d /v offset 338
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
54503100 00000000 00000000 00000000 l TP1.............
00000000
(9)改动表空间的长度
ub2 kcvfhtln @336 0x0005
BBED> d /v offset 336
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
05005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 l ..TP1...........
00000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 03 offset 336
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
03005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line>
(10)检查点
BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0019b1a1 --->1683873
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 -->849713441
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000002
ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x000002e0
ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00 sys@PROD> select file#,rfile#,CREATION_TIME,checkpoint_change#,unrecoverable_change#,offline_change# from v$datafile; FILE# RFILE# CREATION_ CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE#
---------- ---------- --------- ------------------ --------------------- ---------------
1 1 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
2 2 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
3 3 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
4 4 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
5 5 29-MAR-14 1684251 0 1658859 sys@PROD> select to_number('19b1a1','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_NUMBER('19B1A1','XXXXXXXXXXXX')
----------------------------------
1683873
sys@PROD> select to_number('32a59921','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_NUMBER('32A59921','XXXXXXXXXXXX')
------------------------------------
849713441
sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime,
2 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+
3 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+
4 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+
5 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'hh24')*3600+
6 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mi')*60+
7 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN
8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5); FILE# CREATETIME CREATETIMESCN
---------- ------------------- -------------
4 2014-06-08 15:30:41 849713441
5 2014-06-08 15:38:33 849713913 sys@PROD> sys@PROD> select to_char('1684251','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('1684251
----------------
19b31b ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN sys@PROD> select to_char('849713913','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('8497139
----------------
32a59af9 ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0019b1a1 ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN 19b31b (倒：1bb319)
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间32a59af9（倒：f99aa532） BBED> d /v offset 484
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
a1b11900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 l ? ±......!.￥2....
02000000 BBED> m /x 1bb319 offset 484
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1bb31900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 02000000 BBED> d /v offset 492
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
2199a532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 l !.￥2........à...
10007261 BBED> m /x f99a offset 492
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
f99aa532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 10007261
##################校验块
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10 BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 1 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
######################检查物理坏块
[oracle@jfdb PROD]$ dbv file=tp01.dbf start=1 end=2 DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jun 8 21:48:37 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Pages Examined : 2
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 2
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 0
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1687542 (0.1687542)
############打开数据库报错
sys@PROD> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys@PROD> startup
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes
Fixed Size 2233960 bytes
Variable Size 251660696 bytes
Database Buffers 679477248 bytes
Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file
###########怀疑检查点计数器。这里我先用BBED（方法1重建控制文件，方法2利用BBED改动计算器）
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x00000102
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000101
idle> alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 8'; Session altered. DATA FILE #5:
name #4: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
creation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=4 tail=4 dup=1
tablespace 5, index=5 krfil=5 prev_file=0
unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
Checkpoint cnt:226 scn: 0x0000.0019b31b 06/08/2014 15:38:33
Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 06/08/2014 07:44:07
Creation Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.00058d91 03/29/2014 10:32:22
thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0) sys@PROD> select to_char('226','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('226',
--------------
e2 sys@PROD> select to_char('225','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('225',
--------------
e1 BBED> d /v offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
02010000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 l .....? ￥2....2O..
00000000 BBED> m /x e200 offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
e2000000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> d /v offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
01010000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 l ....2O......×.￥2
01000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x e100 offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
e1000000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 01000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10 BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 1 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
##########再次打开库，OK!
sys@PROD> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED sys@PROD> alter database open; Database altered.
###############################改动数据文件头的注意点：
1、改动数据的DBA,rdba_kcbh
2、改动文件的大小，kccfhfsz
3、改动文件号，kccfhfno
4、改动文件创建时SCN，kcvfhcrs
5、改动文件创建时间，kcvfhcrt
6、改动表空间号，kcvfhtsn
7、改动相对文件号，kcvfhrfn
8、改动表空间的名称， kcvfhtnm
9、改动表空间的长度，kcvfhtln
10、改动检查点的SCN，kcvfhckp
11、改动检查点的时间，kcvcptim
12、改动检查点的计数器，kcvfhcpc
13、改动检查点的控制文件备份的计数器， kcvfhccc
14、假设你改动是1号文件的1号块他的root rdba针指向bootstrap$
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