在平时的工作中，估计大多数都做过轮询调度的任务，比如定时轮询数据库同步，定时邮件通知等等。大家通过windows计划任务，windows服务等都实现过此类任务，甚至实现过自己的配置定制化的框架。那今天就来介绍个开源的调度框架Quartz.Net（主要介绍配置的实现，因为有朋友问过此类问题）。调度的实现代码很简单，在源码中有大量Demo，这里就略过了。
Quartz.Net当前最新版本 Quartz.NET 2.0 beta 1 Released
一 基于文件配置
先看一下简单的实现代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using Common.Logging; namespace Demo
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{ // First we must get a reference to a scheduler
ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
IScheduler sched = sf.GetScheduler(); sched.Start();
sched.Shutdown(true); }
}
}
代码很简单，配置文件中的quartz基础配置，以及job,trigger信息是如何加载的？这个过程是发生 IScheduler sched = sf.GetScheduler();过程，主要体现在源码这一段
public void Initialize()
{
// short-circuit if already initialized
if (cfg != null)
{
return;
}
if (initException != null)
{
throw initException;
} NameValueCollection props = (NameValueCollection) ConfigurationManager.GetSection("quartz"); string requestedFile = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(PropertiesFile);
string propFileName = requestedFile != null && requestedFile.Trim().Length > ? requestedFile : "~/quartz.config"; // check for specials
propFileName = FileUtil.ResolveFile(propFileName); if (props == null && File.Exists(propFileName))
{
// file system
try
{
PropertiesParser pp = PropertiesParser.ReadFromFileResource(propFileName);
props = pp.UnderlyingProperties;
Log.Info(string.Format("Quartz.NET properties loaded from configuration file '{0}'", propFileName));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.Error("Could not load properties for Quartz from file {0}: {1}".FormatInvariant(propFileName, ex.Message), ex);
} }
if (props == null)
{
// read from assembly
try
{
PropertiesParser pp = PropertiesParser.ReadFromEmbeddedAssemblyResource("Quartz.quartz.config");
props = pp.UnderlyingProperties;
Log.Info("Default Quartz.NET properties loaded from embedded resource file");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.Error("Could not load default properties for Quartz from Quartz assembly: {0}".FormatInvariant(ex.Message), ex);
}
}
if (props == null)
{
throw new SchedulerConfigException(
@"Could not find <quartz> configuration section from your application config or load default configuration from assembly.
Please add configuration to your application config file to correctly initialize Quartz.");
}
Initialize(OverrideWithSysProps(props));
}
通过上面代码分析，初始化首先会检查系统config中是否有<quartz> configuration section节点 （config指的app.config,web.config)，如果系统config有quartz节点，则直接加载此处的配置信息。如果系统config没有quartz的基础配置信息，则会继续查找是否有quartz.config/Quartz.quartz.config 这两个配置文件的存在，如果有则加载配置信息，如果没有则扔出初始化配置异常。
而jobs.xml（调度的任务和触发器plugin节点配置文件）
app.config/web.config 中plugin配置
<quartz>
<add key="quartz.scheduler.instanceName" value="ExampleDefaultQuartzScheduler"/>
<add key="quartz.threadPool.type" value="Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz"/>
<add key="quartz.threadPool.threadCount" value=""/>
<add key="quartz.threadPool.threadPriority" value=""/>
<add key="quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold" value=""/>
<add key="quartz.jobStore.type" value="Quartz.Simpl.RAMJobStore, Quartz"/>
<!--******************************Plugin配置********************************************* -->
<add key="quartz.plugin.xml.type" value="Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz" />
<add key="quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames" value="quartz_jobs.xml"/>
</quartz>
quartz.config 中plugin配置指向（quartz.plugin.xml.type / quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames）
# You can configure your scheduler in either <quartz> configuration section
# or in quartz properties file
# Configuration section has precedence quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ServerScheduler # configure thread pool info
quartz.threadPool.type = Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz
quartz.threadPool.threadCount =
quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = Normal #--------------------------------*************plugin配置------------------------------------
# job initialization plugin handles our xml reading, without it defaults are used
quartz.plugin.xml.type = Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz
quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames = ~/quartz_jobs.xml # export this server to remoting context
quartz.scheduler.exporter.type = Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartz
quartz.scheduler.exporter.port =
quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName = QuartzScheduler
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType = tcp
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelName = httpQuartz
二 基于代码的方式
这种情况直接通过代码实现的，官方DEMO很多都是如此，我们举个例子
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System.Threading;
using Common.Logging; namespace Demo
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(Demo.HelloJob)); log.Info("------- Initializing ----------------------"); // First we must get a reference to a scheduler
ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
IScheduler sched = sf.GetScheduler(); log.Info("------- Initialization Complete -----------"); //---------------------------------------代码添加job和trigger
// computer a time that is on the next round minute
DateTimeOffset runTime = DateBuilder.EvenMinuteDate(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow); log.Info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------"); // define the job and tie it to our HelloJob class
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<HelloJob>()
.WithIdentity("job1", "group1")
.Build(); // Trigger the job to run on the next round minute
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
.StartAt(runTime)
.Build(); // Tell quartz to schedule the job using our trigger
sched.ScheduleJob(job, trigger);
log.Info(string.Format("{0} will run at: {1}", job.Key, runTime.ToString("r"))); // Start up the scheduler (nothing can actually run until the
// scheduler has been started)
sched.Start();
log.Info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------"); // wait long enough so that the scheduler as an opportunity to
// run the job!
log.Info("------- Waiting 65 seconds... -------------"); // wait 65 seconds to show jobs
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds()); // shut down the scheduler
log.Info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
sched.Shutdown(true);
log.Info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
}
}
}
其实代码方式已经实现了和配置文件混搭的方式了。但是这种对方式是通过配置关联加载job与trigger配置，我们还有第三种方式，自己加载job与trigger配置文件。
三 手动加载配置文件
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Xml;
using Quartz.Impl;
using Quartz.Simpl;
using System.Threading;
using Common.Logging;
using System.IO; namespace Demo
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XMLSchedulingDataProcessor processor = new XMLSchedulingDataProcessor(new SimpleTypeLoadHelper());
ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
IScheduler scheduler = sf.GetScheduler(); Stream s = new StreamReader("~/quartz.xml").BaseStream;
processor.ProcessStream(s, null);
processor.ScheduleJobs(scheduler); scheduler.Start();
scheduler.Shutdown(); }
}
}
亦或者这样
using System.Text;
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Xml;
using Quartz.Impl;
using Quartz.Simpl;
using System.Threading;
using Common.Logging;
using System.IO; namespace Demo
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XMLSchedulingDataProcessor processor = new XMLSchedulingDataProcessor(new SimpleTypeLoadHelper());
ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
IScheduler scheduler = sf.GetScheduler(); processor.ProcessFileAndScheduleJobs("~/quartz.xml",scheduler); scheduler.Start();
scheduler.Shutdown(); }
}
}
目前根据源码分析大致就这几种配置方式，很灵活可以任意组合。 关于quartz的使用源码很详细，并且园子量有大量的学习文章。
记住quartz的配置读取方式首先app.config/web.config ---->quartz.config/Quartz.quartz.config ---->quartz_jobs.xml .
通过代码方式我们可以改变quartz_jobs.xml 的指向即自己新命名的xml文件
（默认的quartz_jobs.xml是在XMLSchedulingDataProcessor.QuartzXmlFileName = "quartz_jobs.xml"被指定的）
方式一，通过quartz节点/quartz.config指向指定的jobs.xml。
方式二，通过XMLSchedulingDataProcessor 加载指定的jobs.xml