Future代码示例:
package com.liuyuan.disruptor.v1; import java.util.concurrent.*; public class UseFuture implements Callable<String> { private String param; public UseFuture(String param) { this.param = param; } @Override public String call() throws Exception { //模拟执行业务逻辑的耗时 TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); String result = this.param + " 处理完成!"; return result; } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ String queryStr = "query1"; String queryStr2 = "query2"; FutureTask<String> future1 = new FutureTask<String>(new UseFuture(queryStr)); FutureTask<String> future2 = new FutureTask<String>(new UseFuture(queryStr2)); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); executorService.submit(future1);//异步操作 executorService.submit(future2);//异步操作 System.out.println("执行中..."); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);//处理其他相关的任务。 String result1 = future1.get(); String result2 = future2.get(); System.out.println("数据处理完成。。" + result1); System.out.println("数据处理完成。。" + result2); } }
Future实现原理
看到上面示例代码,我们是通过executorService.submit(future1) 来提交线程的,进一步看看里面具体的逻辑。
1、 AbstractExecutorService
中submit()源码:
2、FutureTask
中run()源码:
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
这个是核心代码,首先我们需要知道FutureTask中有一个volatile state全局变量,通过这个值来界定任务是否已经执行完毕。
将上面run方法一点点拆解如下:
先判断state状态,如果不是NEW说明执行完毕,直接return掉。
后面使用CAS操作,判断这个任务是否已经执行,这里FutureTask有个全局的volatile runner字段,这里通过cas将当前线程指定给runner。
这里可以防止callable被执行多次。
接着往下看:
查看set方法具体实现:
继续往下跟,查看finishCompletion方法:
FutureTask中有一个WaiteNode单链表,当执行futureTask.get()方法时,多个线程会将等待的线程的next指向下一个想要get获取结果的线程。
finishCompletion主要就是使用Unsafe.unpark()进行唤醒操作。
3,FutureTask.get() 源码
get() 方法会进行自旋操作等待,直到FutureTask中的state状态大于NORMAL(表示自行完成),然后才会通过FutureTask的outcome获取返回值。
接着往下跟awaitDone方法:
private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException {
final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
WaitNode q = null;
boolean queued = false;
for (;;) {
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
removeWaiter(q);
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int s = state;
if (s > COMPLETING) {
if (q != null)
q.thread = null;
return s;
}
else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
Thread.yield();
else if (q == null)
q = new WaitNode();
else if (!queued)
queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
q.next = waiters, q);
else if (timed) {
nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
if (nanos <= 0L) {
removeWaiter(q);
return state;
}
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
}
else
LockSupport.park(this);
}
}
还是老样子,一点点分析:
总结
结合上述分析可得 FutureTask 执行活动图如下:
同时也可以看出,在 FutureTask 中内部维护了一个单向链表 waiters , 在执行 get 的时候会向其中添加节点:
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