golang之数据验证validator

前言
在web应用中经常会遇到数据验证问题,普通的验证方法比较繁琐,这里介绍一个使用比较多的包validator。

原理
将验证规则写在struct对字段tag里,再通过反射(reflect)获取struct的tag,实现数据验证。

安装

go get github.com/go-playground/validator/v10

示例

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)

type Users struct {
	Phone  string `form:"phone" json:"phone" validate:"required"`
	Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
	Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
}

func main() {

	users := &Users{
		Phone:  "1326654487",
		Passwd: "123",
		Code:   "123456",
	}
	validate := validator.New()
	err := validate.Struct(users)
	if err != nil {
		for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
			fmt.Println(err) //Key: 'Users.Passwd' Error:Field validation for 'Passwd' failed on the 'min' tag
			return
		}
	}
	return
}


验证规则

required :必填
email:验证字符串是email格式;例:“email”
url:这将验证字符串值包含有效的网址;例:“url”
max:字符串最大长度;例:“max=20”
min:字符串最小长度;例:“min=6”
excludesall:不能包含特殊字符;例:“excludesall=0x2C”//注意这里用十六进制表示。
len:字符长度必须等于n,或者数组、切片、map的len值为n,即包含的项目数;例:“len=6”
eq:数字等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值为n,即包含的项目数;例:“eq=6”
ne:数字不等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值不等于为n,即包含的项目数不为n,其和eq相反;例:“ne=6”
gt:数字大于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值大于n,即包含的项目数大于n;例:“gt=6”
gte:数字大于或等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值大于或等于n,即包含的项目数大于或等于n;例:“gte=6”
lt:数字小于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值小于n,即包含的项目数小于n;例:“lt=6”
lte:数字小于或等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值小于或等于n,即包含的项目数小于或等于n;例:“lte=6”

跨字段验证,如想实现比较输入密码和确认密码是否一致等类似场景

eqfield=Field: 必须等于 Field 的值;
nefield=Field: 必须不等于 Field 的值;
gtfield=Field: 必须大于 Field 的值;
gtefield=Field: 必须大于等于 Field 的值;
ltfield=Field: 必须小于 Field 的值;
ltefield=Field: 必须小于等于 Field 的值;
eqcsfield=Other.Field: 必须等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
necsfield=Other.Field: 必须不等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
gtcsfield=Other.Field: 必须大于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
gtecsfield=Other.Field: 必须大于等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
ltcsfield=Other.Field: 必须小于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
ltecsfield=Other.Field: 必须小于等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;

示例

type UserReg struct {
	Passwd   string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
	Repasswd string `form:"repasswd" json:"repasswd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6,eqfield=Passwd"`
}

示例验证了Passwd,和Repasswd值是否相等。如想了解更多类型,请参考文档 https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v10

自定义验证类型
示例:

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)

type Users struct {
	Name   string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required,CustomValidationErrors"` //包含自定义函数
	Age    uint8  `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18"`
	Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
	Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
}

func main() {

	users := &Users{
		Name:   "admin",
		Age:    12,
		Passwd: "123",
		Code:   "123456",
	}
	validate := validator.New()
	//注册自定义函数
	_ = validate.RegisterValidation("CustomValidationErrors", CustomValidationErrors)
	err := validate.Struct(users)
	if err != nil {
		for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
			fmt.Println(err) //Key: 'Users.Name' Error:Field validation for 'Name' failed on the 'CustomValidationErrors' tag
			return
		}
	}
	return
}

func CustomValidationErrors(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
	return fl.Field().String() != "admin"
}

翻译错误信息为中文
通过以上示例我们看到,validator默认的错误提示信息类似如下

Key: 'Users.Name' Error:Field validation for 'Name' failed on the 'CustomValidationErrors' tag
显然这并不是我们想要,如想翻译成中文,或其他语言怎么办?go-playground上提供了很好的解决方法。

先自行安装需要的两个包

go get github.com/go-playground/universal-translator
go get github.com/go-playground/locales

示例:

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"

	"github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
	ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
	zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
)

type Users struct {
	Name   string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required"`
	Age    uint8  `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18"`
	Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
	Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
}

func main() {
	users := &Users{
		Name:   "admin",
		Age:    12,
		Passwd: "123",
		Code:   "123456",
	}
	uni := ut.New(zh.New())
	trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("zh")
	validate := validator.New()
	//验证器注册翻译器
	err := zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
	err = validate.Struct(users)
	if err != nil {
		for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
			fmt.Println(err.Translate(trans)) //Age必须大于18
			return
		}
	}

	return
}

输出:

Age必须大于18
至此我们发现大部分错误信息已经翻译成中文,但字段名(Age)还是没有翻译,为了将字段名翻译成中文,将struct tag里添加的中文名 作为备用名。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"

	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"

	"github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
	ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
	zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
)

type Users struct {
	Name   string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required" label:"用户名"`
	Age    uint8  `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18" label:"年龄"`
	Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
	Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
}

func main() {
	users := &Users{
		Name:   "admin",
		Age:    12,
		Passwd: "123",
		Code:   "123456",
	}

	uni := ut.New(zh.New())
	trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("zh")
	validate := validator.New()
	//注册一个函数,获取struct tag里自定义的label作为字段名
	validate.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string {
		name := fld.Tag.Get("label")
		return name
	})

	//注册翻译器
	err := zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
	err = validate.Struct(users)
	if err != nil {
		for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
			fmt.Println(err.Translate(trans)) //年龄必须大于18
			return
		}
	}

	return
}

输出结果:

年龄必须大于18
gin 内置的validator
gin已经支持go-playground/validator/v10进行验证。在此处查看有关标签用法的完整文档。

以下只提供了一个绑定ShouldBindWith示例,如需了解更多方法,进入这里。

示例

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"reflect"
	"time"

	"github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
	ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
	zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
)

var trans ut.Translator

// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
	CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" json:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输入时间"`
	CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" json:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输出时间"`
}

var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
	date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
	if ok {
		today := time.Now()
		if today.After(date) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()
	uni := ut.New(zh.New())
	trans, _ = uni.GetTranslator("zh")

	if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
		//注册翻译器
		_ = zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(v, trans)
		//注册自定义函数
		_ = v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)

		//注册一个函数,获取struct tag里自定义的label作为字段名
		v.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string {
			name := fld.Tag.Get("label")
			return name
		})
		//根据提供的标记注册翻译
		v.RegisterTranslation("bookabledate", trans, func(ut ut.Translator) error {
			return ut.Add("bookabledate", "{0}不能早于当前时间或{1}格式错误!", true)
		}, func(ut ut.Translator, fe validator.FieldError) string {
			t, _ := ut.T("bookabledate", fe.Field(), fe.Field())
			return t
		})

	}
	route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
	var b Booking
	if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
	} else {
		errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)

		fmt.Println(errs.Translate(trans))
		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": errs.Translate(trans)})
	}
}

运行程序,访问http://localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2021-04-16&check_out=2021-04-16 结果:

{"error":{"Booking.输入时间":"输入时间不能早于当前时间或输入时间格式错误!","Booking.输出时间":"输出时间必须大于CheckIn"}}

查看以上结果我们发现翻译还是不太完美,如规则中有gtfield的情况,字段(CheckIn)并没有被翻译。所以通过struct添加label的方式并不能从根本上解决字段翻译问题。为了得到想要的结果,就需要将错误信息做单独处理再输出。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
	ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
	zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
)

var trans ut.Translator

// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
	CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" json:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输入时间"`
	CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" json:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输出时间"`
}

var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
	date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
	if ok {
		today := time.Now()
		if today.After(date) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

var BookingTrans = map[string]string{"CheckIn": "输入时间", "CheckOut": "输出时间"}

func TransTagName(libTans, err interface{}) interface{} {
	switch err.(type) {
	case validator.ValidationErrorsTranslations:
		var errs map[string]string
		errs = make(map[string]string, 0)
		for k, v := range err.(validator.ValidationErrorsTranslations) {
			for key, value := range libTans.(map[string]string) {
				v = strings.Replace(v, key, value, -1)
			}
			errs[k] = v
		}
		return errs
	case string:
		var errs string
		for key, value := range libTans.(map[string]string) {
			errs = strings.Replace(errs, key, value, -1)
		}
		return errs
	default:
		return err
	}
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()
	uni := ut.New(zh.New())
	trans, _ = uni.GetTranslator("zh")

	if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
		//注册翻译器
		_ = zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(v, trans)
		//注册自定义函数
		_ = v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)

		//注册一个函数,获取struct tag里自定义的label作为字段名
		v.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string {
			name := fld.Tag.Get("label")
			return name
		})
		//根据提供的标记注册翻译
		v.RegisterTranslation("bookabledate", trans, func(ut ut.Translator) error {
			return ut.Add("bookabledate", "{0}不能早于当前时间或{1}格式错误!", true)
		}, func(ut ut.Translator, fe validator.FieldError) string {
			t, _ := ut.T("bookabledate", fe.Field(), fe.Field())
			return t
		})

	}
	route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
	var b Booking
	if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
	} else {
		errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)

		//fmt.Println(errs.Translate(trans))
		msg := TransTagName(BookingTrans, errs.Translate(trans))
		fmt.Println(msg)
		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": msg})
	}
}

结果

 

{"error":{"Booking.输入时间":"输入时间不能早于当前时间或输入时间格式错误!","Booking.输出时间":"输出时间必须大于输入时间"}}

小结:
gin 已经支持validator最新的v10。

validator数据验证顺序struct字段从上往下,单个字段规则(binding:"gt=0,lt=2`),先左后右。

参考:

https://github.com/go-playground/validator

https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin

https://gitissue.com/issues/5d06a73965d56f73569b825f

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000022527284
 

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