REST架构是一个抽象的概念,目前主要是基于HTTP协议实现,其目的是为了提高系统的可伸缩性、降低应用之间的耦合度、便于架构分布式处理程序。当使用多种语言进行开发的时候,每一种语言对URL的处理不同,这时候就需要统一处理,那么使用REST编程风格就很有必要了。REST只是一种设计模式,如果需要对安全性有要求,就是额外的功能代码了。
使用方式
在URL中设置使用如下方式: /{变量名1}/{变量名2}
在代码中向Controller方法注入参数: (@PathVariable("变量名1") String str1,@PathVariable("变量名2") String str2)
例如:
@RequestMapping(value="/book/{bookid}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public Object getBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookid){ return new Book();
}
Demo
bean类:
package cn.xdl.bean; public class Book { private int bid;
private String bname;
public int getBid() {
return bid;
}
public void setBid(int bid) {
this.bid = bid;
}
public String getBname() {
return bname;
}
public void setBname(String bname) {
this.bname = bname;
}
public Book(int bid, String bname) {
super();
this.bid = bid;
this.bname = bname;
}
public Book() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book [bid=" + bid + ", bname=" + bname + "]";
} }
Book.java
Controller类:
package cn.xdl.c; import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import cn.xdl.bean.Book; @Controller
public class BookController { /**
* VALUE :请求的地址模版 (模版中使用大括号括住的部分, 属于变量)
* method: 请求的方式
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/book/{bookid}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Object insertBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookId) {
System.out.println("正在查询图书 , 请求的图书的编号为:"+bookId);
return new Book(Integer.parseInt(bookId), "欢乐颂");
}
@RequestMapping(value="book/{bookid}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
@ResponseBody
public Object deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookid")String bookid) {
System.out.println("正在删除图书:id:"+bookid);
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("errorCode0", "0");
map.put("msg", "删除成功");
return map;
}
@RequestMapping(value="book/{bookid}/{bookname}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
@ResponseBody
public Object updateBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookId,@PathVariable("bookname") String bookName) {
System.out.println("正在修改图书:id:"+bookId+", 要修改的新书名:"+bookName);
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("errorCode0", "0");
map.put("msg", "修改成功");
return map;
} @RequestMapping(value="book/{bookid}/{bookname}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public Object insertBook(@PathVariable("bookid") String bookId,@PathVariable("bookname") String bookName) {
System.out.println("正在添加图书:id:"+bookId+", 要添加的新书名:"+bookName);
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("errorCode0", "0");
map.put("msg", "添加成功");
return map;
} }
BookController.java
这里的通信方式返回的结果是Object对象。在这个笔者使用了注解 @ResponseBody ,需要导入包 jackson-annotations.jar 、 jackson-core.jar 和 jackson-databind.jar包。
bean.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
<!--
开启注解扫描
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn"></context:component-scan>
<!--
开启mvc注解扫描
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> </beans>
bean.xml
在配置文件中一定需要指出:
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
否则会出现静态资源(如js、css等资源)拦截404的错误。
web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <servlet>
<servlet-name>webmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>webmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
web.xml
web.xml文件过滤的url必须写成 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> ,因为采用REST编程风格,在url地址中只会出现/分割符号,所以只能写成这样 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> ,以匹配所有的路径。
restTest.jsp文件
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function insertClick(){
$.ajax({
url:"book/10003/hahaha",
dataType:"JSON",
type:"POST",
success:function(data){
alert( JSON.stringify(data));
},
error:function(){ }
}); }
function deleteClick(){
$.ajax({
url:"book/10003",
dataType:"JSON",
type:"DELETE",
success:function(data){
alert( JSON.stringify(data));
},
error:function(){ }
}); }
function updateClick(){
$.ajax({
url:"book/10003/hahaha",
dataType:"JSON",
type:"PUT",
success:function(data){
alert( JSON.stringify(data));
},
error:function(){ }
}); }
function findClick(){
$.ajax({
url:"book/10003",
dataType:"JSON",
type:"GET",
success:function(data){
alert( JSON.stringify(data));
},
error:function(){ }
}); } </script>
</head>
<body>
<input onclick="insertClick()" type="button" value="增加"/><br><br>
<input onclick="deleteClick()" type="button" value="删除"/><br><br>
<input onclick="updateClick()" type="button" value="修改"/><br><br>
<input onclick="findClick()" type="button" value="查询"/><br><br>
</body>
</html>
restTest.jsp
这里通信方式是采用Ajax请求。
Rest请求地址中带有中文的处理
如果在Rest风格的请求中,请求的参数带有中文,就会出现映射错误。这时候需要进行如下的配置:
在SpringMVC的配置文件中将 <mvc:annotation-driven/> 改为:
<!--开始注解-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
除此之外还需要在tomcat 的 server.xml中,加入URIEncoding="UTF-8":
<Connector connectionTimeout="20000" port="8081" URIEncoding="UTF-8" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8443"/>
这样就可以解决Rest请求中中文乱码的问题了。