choices参数(数据库字段设计常见)

	"""
用户表	
	性别
	学历
	工作经验
	是否结婚
	是否生子
	客户来源
	...
针对某个可以列举完全的可能性字段，我们应该如何存储

只要某个字段的可能性是可以列举完全的，那么一般情况下都会采用choices参数
"""
class User(models.Model):
	username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	age = models.IntegerField()
	# 性别
	gender_choices = (
		(1,'男'),
		(2,'女'),
		(3,'其他'),
	)
	gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)

	score_choices = (
		('A','优秀'),
		('B','良好'),
		('C','及格'),
		('D','不合格'),
	)
	# 保证字段类型跟列举出来的元祖第一个数据类型一致即可
	score = models.CharField(choices=score_choices,null=True)
	"""
	该gender字段存的还是数字 但是如果存的数字在上面元祖列举的范围之内
	那么可以非常轻松的获取到数字对应的真正的内容

	1.gender字段存的数字不在上述元祖列举的范围内容
	2.如果在 如何获取对应的中文信息
	"""


	from app01 import models
	# models.User.objects.create(username='jason',age=18,gender=1)
	# models.User.objects.create(username='egon',age=85,gender=2)
	# models.User.objects.create(username='tank',age=40,gender=3)
	# 存的时候 没有列举出来的数字也能存（范围还是按照字段类型决定）
	# models.User.objects.create(username='tony',age=45,gender=4)

	# 取
	# user_obj = models.User.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
	# print(user_obj.gender)
	# 只要是choices参数的字段 如果你想要获取对应信息 固定写法 get_字段名_display()
	# print(user_obj.get_gender_display())

	user_obj = models.User.objects.filter(pk=4).first()
	# 如果没有对应关系 那么字段是什么还是展示什么
	print(user_obj.get_gender_display())  # 4


# 实际项目案例
# CRM相关内部表
class School(models.Model):
	"""
	校区表
	如：
		北京沙河校区
		上海校区

	"""
	title = models.CharField(verbose_name='校区名称', max_length=32)

	def __str__(self):
		return self.title

class Course(models.Model):
	"""
	课程表
	如：
		Linux基础
		Linux架构师
		Python自动化开发精英班
		Python自动化开发架构师班
		Python基础班
		go基础班
	"""
	name = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程名称', max_length=32)

	def __str__(self):
		return self.name

class Department(models.Model):
	"""
	部门表
	市场部     1000
	销售       1001

	"""
	title = models.CharField(verbose_name='部门名称', max_length=16)
	code = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='部门编号', unique=True, null=False)

	def __str__(self):
		return self.title

class UserInfo(models.Model):
	"""
	员工表
	"""

	name = models.CharField(verbose_name='员工姓名', max_length=16)
	email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱', max_length=64)
	depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='部门', to="Department",to_field="code")
	user=models.OneToOneField("User",default=1)
	def __str__(self):
		return self.name

class ClassList(models.Model):
	"""
	班级表
	如：
		Python全栈  面授班  5期  10000  2017-11-11  2018-5-11
	"""
	school = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='校区', to='School')
	course = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='课程名称', to='Course')
	semester = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="班级(期)")


	price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="学费")
	start_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="开班日期")
	graduate_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="结业日期", null=True, blank=True)
	memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='说明', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True, )

	teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart':1002})
	tutor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='班主任', to='UserInfo',related_name="class_list",limit_choices_to={'depart':1006})


	def __str__(self):
		return "{0}({1}期)".format(self.course.name, self.semester)


class Customer(models.Model):
	"""
	客户表
	"""
	qq = models.CharField(verbose_name='qq', max_length=64, unique=True, help_text='QQ号必须唯一')

	name = models.CharField(verbose_name='学生姓名', max_length=16)
	gender_choices = ((1, '男'), (2, '女'))
	gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='性别', choices=gender_choices)

	education_choices = (
		(1, '重点大学'),
		(2, '普通本科'),
		(3, '独立院校'),
		(4, '民办本科'),
		(5, '大专'),
		(6, '民办专科'),
		(7, '高中'),
		(8, '其他')
	)
	education = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='学历', choices=education_choices, blank=True, null=True, )
	graduation_school = models.CharField(verbose_name='毕业学校', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
	major = models.CharField(verbose_name='所学专业', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)

	experience_choices = [
		(1, '在校生'),
		(2, '应届毕业'),
		(3, '半年以内'),
		(4, '半年至一年'),
		(5, '一年至三年'),
		(6, '三年至五年'),
		(7, '五年以上'),
	]
	experience = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='工作经验', blank=True, null=True, choices=experience_choices)
	work_status_choices = [
		(1, '在职'),
		(2, '无业')
	]
	work_status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="职业状态", choices=work_status_choices, default=1, blank=True,
									  null=True)
	company = models.CharField(verbose_name="目前就职公司", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
	salary = models.CharField(verbose_name="当前薪资", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)

	source_choices = [
		(1, "qq群"),
		(2, "内部转介绍"),
		(3, "官方网站"),
		(4, "百度推广"),
		(5, "360推广"),
		(6, "搜狗推广"),
		(7, "腾讯课堂"),
		(8, "广点通"),
		(9, "高校宣讲"),
		(10, "渠道代理"),
		(11, "51cto"),
		(12, "智汇推"),
		(13, "网盟"),
		(14, "DSP"),
		(15, "SEO"),
		(16, "其它"),
	]
	source = models.SmallIntegerField('客户来源', choices=source_choices, default=1)
	referral_from = models.ForeignKey(
		'self',
		blank=True,
		null=True,
		verbose_name="转介绍自学员",
		help_text="若此客户是转介绍自内部学员,请在此处选择内部学员姓名",
		related_name="internal_referral"
	)
	course = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="咨询课程", to="Course")

	status_choices = [
		(1, "已报名"),
		(2, "未报名")
	]
	status = models.IntegerField(
		verbose_name="状态",
		choices=status_choices,
		default=2,
		help_text=u"选择客户此时的状态"
	)

	consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="课程顾问", to='UserInfo', related_name='consultanter',limit_choices_to={'depart':1001})

	date = models.DateField(verbose_name="咨询日期", auto_now_add=True)
	recv_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="当前课程顾问的接单日期", null=True)
	last_consult_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="最后跟进日期", )

	def __str__(self):
		return self.name

class ConsultRecord(models.Model):
	"""
	客户跟进记录
	"""
	customer = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所咨询客户", to='Customer')
	consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="跟踪人", to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart':1001})
	date = models.DateField(verbose_name="跟进日期", auto_now_add=True)
	note = models.TextField(verbose_name="跟进内容...")

	def __str__(self):
		return self.customer.name + ":" + self.consultant.name

class Student(models.Model):
	"""
	学生表（已报名）
	"""
	customer = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name='客户信息', to='Customer')
	class_list = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="已报班级", to='ClassList', blank=True)

	emergency_contract = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='紧急联系人')
	company = models.CharField(verbose_name='公司', max_length=128, blank=True, null=True)
	location = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='所在区域', blank=True, null=True)
	position = models.CharField(verbose_name='岗位', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
	salary = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='薪资', blank=True, null=True)
	welfare = models.CharField(verbose_name='福利', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
	date = models.DateField(verbose_name='入职时间', help_text='格式yyyy-mm-dd', blank=True, null=True)
	memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='备注', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)

	def __str__(self):
		return self.customer.name

class ClassStudyRecord(models.Model):
	"""
	上课记录表 （班级记录）
	"""
	class_obj = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="班级", to="ClassList")
	day_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="节次", help_text=u"此处填写第几节课或第几天课程...,必须为数字")
	teacher = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="讲师", to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart':1002})
	date = models.DateField(verbose_name="上课日期", auto_now_add=True)

	course_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节课程标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
	course_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='本节课程内容概要', blank=True, null=True)
	has_homework = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="本节有作业")
	homework_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节作业标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
	homework_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='作业描述', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True)
	exam = models.TextField(verbose_name='踩分点', max_length=300, blank=True, null=True)

	def __str__(self):
		return "{0} day{1}".format(self.class_obj, self.day_num)

class StudentStudyRecord(models.Model):
	'''
	学生学习记录
	'''
	classstudyrecord = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="第几天课程", to="ClassStudyRecord")
	student = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="学员", to='Student')







	record_choices = (('checked', "已签到"),
					  ('vacate', "请假"),
					  ('late', "迟到"),
					  ('noshow', "缺勤"),
					  ('leave_early', "早退"),
					  )
	record = models.CharField("上课纪录", choices=record_choices, default="checked", max_length=64)
	score_choices = ((100, 'A+'),
					 (90, 'A'),
					 (85, 'B+'),
					 (80, 'B'),
					 (70, 'B-'),
					 (60, 'C+'),
					 (50, 'C'),
					 (40, 'C-'),
					 (0, ' D'),
					 (-1, 'N/A'),
					 (-100, 'COPY'),
					 (-1000, 'FAIL'),
					 )
	score = models.IntegerField("本节成绩", choices=score_choices, default=-1)
	homework_note = models.CharField(verbose_name='作业评语', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
	note = models.CharField(verbose_name="备注", max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)

	homework = models.FileField(verbose_name='作业文件', blank=True, null=True, default=None)
	stu_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='学员备注', blank=True, null=True)
	date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='提交作业日期', auto_now_add=True)

	def __str__(self):
		return "{0}-{1}".format(self.classstudyrecord, self.student)

"""
chocies参数使用场景是非常广泛的
"""

MTV与MVC模型

# MTV:Django号称是MTV模型
M:models
T:templates
V:views
# MVC:其实django本质也是MVC
M:models
V:views
C:controller

# vue框架:MVVM模型

多对多三种创建方式

# 全自动:利用orm自动帮我们创建第三张关系表
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
"""
优点:代码不需要你写 非常的方便 还支持orm提供操作第三张关系表的方法...
不足之处:第三张关系表的扩展性极差(没有办法额外添加字段...)
"""
# 纯手动
	class Book(models.Model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

	class Author(models.Model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

  class Book2Author(models.Model):
	book_id = models.ForeignKey(to='Book')
	author_id = models.ForeignKey(to='Author')
  '''
  优点:第三张表完全取决于你自己进行额外的扩展
  不足之处:需要写的代码较多，不能够再使用orm提供的简单的方法
  不建议你用该方式
  '''

# 半自动
class Book(models.Model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',
									 through='Book2Author',
									 through_fields=('book','author')
									 )
class Author(models.Model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	# books = models.ManyToManyField(to='Book',
	#                                  through='Book2Author',
	#                                  through_fields=('author','book')
	#                                  )
class Book2Author(models.Model):
	book = models.ForeignKey(to='Book')
	author = models.ForeignKey(to='Author')

"""
through_fields字段先后顺序
	判断的本质：
		通过第三张表查询对应的表 需要用到哪个字段就把哪个字段放前面
	你也可以简化判断
		当前表是谁 就把对应的关联字段放前面


半自动:可以使用orm的正反向查询 但是没法使用add,set,remove,clear这四个方法
"""

# 总结:你需要掌握的是全自动和半自动 为了扩展性更高 一般我们都会采用半自动(写代码要给自己留一条后路)