我们知道存储过程是不支持不固定参数情况的（包括数组参数），可是有时候我们的参数又必须是不固定的，怎么办呢？我想此时不妨使用字符串参数来帮助我们解决这种情况，利用字符串分割的方法将一个参数分割成数个参数来解决。下面我们看一个例子：
假设现在给你一个产品信息列表（显示出各个商品的基本信息），现在我想要根据所选择商品进行统计（任意选择几种），例如统计出价格<10,11-20,21-30,31-40,41-50,50以上的商品个有多少个（姑且认为就统计这些）。此时如果使用存储过程就势必需要传入所选商品的id作为参数，但是id个数是不固定的。此时估计会有人这样写：
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: jianxin160
-- Create date: 2010.11.05
-- Description: 统计商品
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE StatProductInfo
(
@ids VARCHAR(8000)
)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @followingTen INT
DECLARE @elevenToTwenty INT
DECLARE @twentyOneToThirty INT
DECLARE @thirtyOneToFourty INT
DECLARE @fourtyOneToFifty INT
DECLARE @fiftyOrMore INT
SELECT @followingTen=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice<10
SELECT @elevenToTwenty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 11 AND 20
SELECT @twentyOneToThirty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 21 AND 30
SELECT @thirtyOneToFourty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 31 AND 40
SELECT @fourtyOneToFifty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 41 AND 50
SELECT @fiftyOrMore=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice>50
SELECT @followingTen AS '<$10',@elevenToTwenty AS '$11-$20',
@twentyOneToThirty AS '$21-$30',@thirtyOneToFourty AS '$31-$40',
@fourtyOneToFifty AS '$41-$50',@fiftyOrMore AS '>$50'
END
GO
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: jianxin160
-- Create date: 2010.11.05
-- Description: 统计商品
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE StatProductInfo
(
@ids VARCHAR(8000)
)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @followingTen INT
DECLARE @elevenToTwenty INT
DECLARE @twentyOneToThirty INT
DECLARE @thirtyOneToFourty INT
DECLARE @fourtyOneToFifty INT
DECLARE @fiftyOrMore INT
SELECT @followingTen=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice<10
SELECT @elevenToTwenty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 11 AND 20
SELECT @twentyOneToThirty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 21 AND 30
SELECT @thirtyOneToFourty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 31 AND 40
SELECT @fourtyOneToFifty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 41 AND 50
SELECT @fiftyOrMore=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(@ids) AND UnitPrice>50
SELECT @followingTen AS '<$10',@elevenToTwenty AS '$11-$20',
@twentyOneToThirty AS '$21-$30',@thirtyOneToFourty AS '$31-$40',
@fourtyOneToFifty AS '$41-$50',@fiftyOrMore AS '>$50'
END
GO
其实如果你测试一下（例如：EXEC dbo . StatProductInfo '3,4,8,10,22'）是有问题的，sql server认为这整个是一个参数，转换时出错。此时我们想一下如果这些字段在一个虚表中就容易操作多了，但是一般虚表是有其他表通过查询得到，现在根本无法查询又哪来的虚表呢？聪明的朋友或许已经想到可以使用"表值函数"。对，答案就是使用"表值函数"。我们知道"表值函数"可以返回一个"Table"类型的变量（相当于一张虚表，存放于内存中），我们首先将字符串分割存放到"表值函数"的一个字段中，然后我们再从"表值函数"中查询就可以了（这个例子也是"表值函数"的一个典型应用）。具体sql如下：
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: cmj
-- Create date: 2010.11.05
-- Description: 返回一个Table,只有一列，每一行的数据就是分割好的字符串
-- =============================================
CREATE FUNCTION GetSplitFieldsByString
(
@toSplitString varchar(1000),
@splitChar varchar(10)
)
RETURNS
@tb TABLE(sp varchar(100))
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT
SET @toSplitString=RTRIM(LTRIM(@toSplitString))
SET @i=CHARINDEX(@splitChar,@toSplitString)
WHILE @i>0
BEGIN
INSERT @tb VALUES(LEFT(@toSplitString,@i-1))
SET @toSplitString=RIGHT(@toSplitString,LEN(@toSplitString)-@i)
SET @i=CHARINDEX(@splitChar,@toSplitString)
END
IF LEN(@toSplitString)>0
INSERT @tb VALUES(@toSplitString)
RETURN
END
GO
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: cmj
-- Create date: 2010.11.05
-- Description: 返回一个Table,只有一列，每一行的数据就是分割好的字符串
-- =============================================
CREATE FUNCTION GetSplitFieldsByString
(
@toSplitString varchar(1000),
@splitChar varchar(10)
)
RETURNS
@tb TABLE(sp varchar(100))
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT
SET @toSplitString=RTRIM(LTRIM(@toSplitString))
SET @i=CHARINDEX(@splitChar,@toSplitString)
WHILE @i>0
BEGIN
INSERT @tb VALUES(LEFT(@toSplitString,@i-1))
SET @toSplitString=RIGHT(@toSplitString,LEN(@toSplitString)-@i)
SET @i=CHARINDEX(@splitChar,@toSplitString)
END
IF LEN(@toSplitString)>0
INSERT @tb VALUES(@toSplitString)
RETURN
END
GO
然后我们稍微修改一下存储过程：
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: jianxin160
-- Create date: 2010.11.05
-- Description: 统计商品
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE StatProductInfo
(
@ids VARCHAR(8000)
)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @followingTen INT
DECLARE @elevenToTwenty INT
DECLARE @twentyOneToThirty INT
DECLARE @thirtyOneToFourty INT
DECLARE @fourtyOneToFifty INT
DECLARE @fiftyOrMore INT
SELECT @followingTen=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice<10
SELECT @elevenToTwenty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 11 AND 20
SELECT @twentyOneToThirty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 21 AND 30
SELECT @thirtyOneToFourty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 31 AND 40
SELECT @fourtyOneToFifty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 41 AND 50
SELECT @fiftyOrMore=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice>50
SELECT @followingTen AS '<$10',@elevenToTwenty AS '$11-$20',@twentyOneToThirty AS '$21-$30',
@thirtyOneToFourty AS '$31-$40',@fourtyOneToFifty AS '$41-$50',@fiftyOrMore AS '>$50'
END
GO
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: jianxin160
-- Create date: 2010.11.05
-- Description: 统计商品
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE StatProductInfo
(
@ids VARCHAR(8000)
)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @followingTen INT
DECLARE @elevenToTwenty INT
DECLARE @twentyOneToThirty INT
DECLARE @thirtyOneToFourty INT
DECLARE @fourtyOneToFifty INT
DECLARE @fiftyOrMore INT
SELECT @followingTen=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice<10
SELECT @elevenToTwenty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 11 AND 20
SELECT @twentyOneToThirty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 21 AND 30
SELECT @thirtyOneToFourty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 31 AND 40
SELECT @fourtyOneToFifty=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice BETWEEN 41 AND 50
SELECT @fiftyOrMore=COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Products
WHERE ProductID IN(SELECT sp FROM dbo.GetSplitFieldsByString(@ids,',')) AND UnitPrice>50
SELECT @followingTen AS '<$10',@elevenToTwenty AS '$11-$20',@twentyOneToThirty AS '$21-$30',
@thirtyOneToFourty AS '$31-$40',@fourtyOneToFifty AS '$41-$50',@fiftyOrMore AS '>$50'
END
GO
这样通过执行EXEC dbo . StatProductInfo '3,4,8,10,22' 就可以得到想要的结果了：
本作品采用知识共享署名 2.5 *许可协议进行许可，欢迎转载，演绎或用于商业目的。但转载请注明来自崔江涛（KenshinCui），并包含相关链接。
| 本作品采用知识共享署名 2.5 *许可协议进行许可，欢迎转载，演绎或用于商业目的。但转载请注明来自崔江涛（KenshinCui），并包含相关链接。 |