最近一个月使用Postgresql的时候,经常遇到ltree的数据,感觉有些别扭,可是有绕不过去。今天决心整理一下,以后使用方便一些。
一、简介
ltree是Postgresql的一个扩展类型,由两位国外PostgreSQL贡献者共同开发。网址如下:http://www.sai.msu.su/~megera/postgres/gist
二、目的
开发这个类型的目的是为了解决复杂的树状模型相关问题,如图:
也是这个网址提到的内容:http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/163877040201132843255911/
三、详解
3.1 是否安装ltree
执行sql:select * from pg_extension where extname = 'ltree';
extname | ltree
extowner |
extnamespace |
extrelocatable | t
extversion | 1.0
extconfig |
extcondition |
如果没有安装,参考网站:http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/1638770402011427104710922/
3.2 定义
ltree是由标签和分隔符组成的字符串,比如:L1.L2.L3
- 分隔符:一般是小数点
- 标签:目前支持由A-Za-z0-9_组成字符串
- 路径:标签本身也是路径
- lquery:可以理解为一个搜索ltree的正则表达式,例如:*.test.*,表示任何包含test标签的路径
- ltxtquery:同上,一般用于全文扫描。
四、操作符
- ltree @> ltree 左手边参数是右手边的祖先(或者平辈)吗?
-
select * from mirror.sight where area_path <@ (select area_path from mirror.sight where name = '加利福尼亚州') and type = '城市'
- ltree <@ ltree 左手边参数是右手边的后代(或者平辈)吗?
- ltree ~ lquery ltree 匹配 lquery 吗?
- lquery ~ ltree ltree 匹配 lquery 吗?
五、事例
5.1 建立数据表
--在test的schema下面建立测试表
create table test.test(id serial,song ltree not null);
--添加音乐信息
insert into test.test (song) values ('GangTai.NanGeShou.LiuDeHua.AiNiYiWanNian');
insert into test.test (song) values ('GangTai.NanGeShou.LiuDeHua.JinTian');
insert into test.test (song) values ('GangTai.NanGeShou.LiuDeHua.WangQinShui');
insert into test.test (song) values ('GangTai.NanGeShou.ZhangXueYou.QingShu');
insert into test.test (song) values ('GangTai.NanGeShou.ZhangXueYou.WenBie');
insert into test.test (song) values ('GangTai.NvGeShou.ZhenXiuWen.MeiFeiSeWu');
insert into test.test (song) values ('GangTai.NvGeShou.ZhenXiuWen.ZhongShenMeiLi');
insert into test.test (song) values ('DaLu.NanGeShou.DaoLang.2002NianDeDiYiChangXue');
insert into test.test (song) values ('DaLu.NvGeShou.FanBinBin.FeiNiao');
5.2 查看信息
5.2.0 数据列表信息
select * from test.test;
**********************************************
id | song
----+-----------------------------------------------
1 | GangTai.NanGeShou.LiuDeHua.AiNiYiWanNian
2 | GangTai.NanGeShou.LiuDeHua.WangQinShui
3 | GangTai.NanGeShou.ZhangXueYou.QingShu
4 | GangTai.NanGeShou.ZhangXueYou.WenBie
5 | GangTai.NvGeShou.ZhenXiuWen.MeiFeiSeWu
6 | GangTai.NvGeShou.ZhenXiuWen.ZhongShenMeiLi
7 | DaLu.NanGeShou.DaoLang.2002NianDeDiYiChangXue
8 | DaLu.NvGeShou.FanBinBin.FeiNiao
9 | GangTai.NanGeShou.LiuDehua.JinTian
(9 rows)
5.2.1 查看刘德华的所有歌曲
select subltree(song,3,4) from test.test where subltree(song,2,3) = 'LiuDeHua';
********************************************
subltree
---------------
AiNiYiWanNian
WangQinShui
JinTian
5.2.2 查看与刘德华同一个区域(港台)的歌手
select distinct subltree(song,2,3)
from test.test
where song <@ (select subpath(song,0,2) from test.test where subltree(song,2,3)='LiuDeHua' limit 1);
**********************************
subltree
-------------
LiuDeHua
ZhangXueYou
5.2.3 查看港台的所有歌曲
select subltree(song,3,4) from test.test where subltree(song,0,1) = 'GangTai';
***********************
subltree
----------------
AiNiYiWanNian
WangQinShui
QingShu
WenBie
MeiFeiSeWu
ZhongShenMeiLi
JinTian
(7 rows)